Production In Ukraine Research Articles

ВИРОБНИЦТВО ПРОДУКЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ

This article is devoted to the analysis of crop production in Ukraine. The article discusses the current state of crop production in Ukraine, analyzes the main trends and factors infl uencing the development of this industry. An assessment of the current production of key crops is carried out. Particular attention is paid to innovative technologies and their impact on increasing yields and product quality. It examines the challenges faced by the industry, including economic, environmental, and social aspects, and suggests possible solutions. The promising directions of increasing the production of crop production in Ukraine are considered. The carried out studies have shown that the production of crop products in Ukraine has a negative dynamics, the factors infl uencing the decrease in yields have been investigated. The growing role of the production of organic products is positive in Ukrainian agriculture. It should be noted the signifi cant dependence of agricultural enterprises on the infl uence of tax, credit, price and fi nancial factors of the macro environment. It is indicated that due to its huge potential, agriculture continues to be a key sector for investment. It was emphasized that Ukrainian agrotechnical companies are developing modern solutions aimed at improving traditional methods of farming and introducing the latest means for organic production. It is noted that at present, there are already new methods of work in agriculture, which involve digital and technological innovations that increase its effi ciency. It is indicated that the state fi nancial support of the agricultural industry is characterized by contradictory trends, and its volumes are insuffi cient and do not take into account the realities of the development of the industry. It was concluded that the signifi cant potential for the development of crop production lies in the combination of agricultural producers of Ukraine and the EU in production chains and sales channels. This will increase the productivity of the industry through the transfer of advanced EU technologies and practices, increase the scale of activities in the production and processing of agricultural products, and improve access to world markets.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE

The article considers the study of the theoretical foundations, implementation and prospects of innovative technologies in the market of agricultural products in Ukraine. The intensity of the development of digital trade in terms of volume and scale due to the introduction of artificial intelligence, which has the potential for the digital transformation of trade by significantly reducing geographical barriers, has been established. It is certain that a significant impetus to the development of innovations in trade in Ukraine, as well as in other countries of the world, was given by crisis events, namely, the pandemic, then military actions. In crisis conditions, digital technologies in trade have a significant advantage over traditional ones, because they allow the consumer to order goods without putting their life at risk. We studied the sector of domestic trade in agricultural products for the use of advanced technologies. The purpose of the work was to highlight the trends in the development of advanced technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine, to determine the influence of factors that shape the market and consumer trends on the innovative development of trading platforms, innovative challenges in the field of trade in agricultural products. Innovations in the trade of economically developed countries of the world and Ukraine are considered, in particular, the most developed and promising ones are highlighted. The main aspects of the state and trends of trade development in Ukraine are characterized. The analysis of statistical information and research has established the dominance of large business enterprises, although the trend of positive innovative movement of medium-sized businesses can be traced. It has been determined that in recent years, import operations significantly outweigh export operations, this is especially noticeable from the analysis of the results of 2022. The comparative analysis of indicators of the activity of trading enterprises in Ukraine for 2020-2023 using the example of the index of the physical turnover of retail trade proved its fluctuations depending on the crisis phenomena in the country. In particular, the export of goods decreased by 26.1%, and the import increased by 11.2%, which resulted in a negative balance. The largest share of trade during the studied periods was with EU countries, in 2023 it increased to 56%, while the share of exports decreased by 10%. Since the beginning of active hostilities, the country’s economic activity shows signs of stabilization, but this trend will depend on foreign economic relations with partner countries. It has been proven that the leading trend in the development of progressive technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine is the increase in the confidence of buyers in purchasing via the Internet. Furthermore, a critical element of digital commerce is an effective cybersecurity management plan that balances technology, geopolitical relations, government capacity; supports market reputation, and public-private cooperation.

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the problems of forming an effective mechanism of state regulation of the greening of agricultural production in Ukraine in accordance with global trends in the greening of public production and wartime problems in the country. The indicator of the degree of environmental friendliness of production is the main indicator of the degree of development of the corresponding modern economy, as well as the degree of safety of each country for people to live in it. The agricultural sector is the basic industry that forms the conditions for the development of the social economy and provides the population with the basic needs of food and clothing, therefore it requires a high degree of environmentalization in the first place. Unfortunately, the current market principles of management in Ukraine often place current benefits above the interests of future generations, which negatively affects public health. Accordingly, the task of effective long-term state regulation is the combination in the system of activity of the national economy, primarily the agricultural sector, the tasks of increasing environmentalization and economic benefit, creating socially useful, healthy food production as the basis of national security. In the peacetime state regulation of ensuring the ecological focus of agricultural production in Ukraine was focused on diversifying the ways of increasing the pace of production of ecologically clean products, the use of environmentally safe and energy-saving technologies in agriculture, the wide implementation of innovative developments capable of minimizing the negative impact of production and processing of products on the environment. The full-scale military invasion that began on February 24, 2022, crossed out all strategies for promoting the development of the ecological economy of Ukraine. Since the beginning of the war, our country has faced significant consequences of hostilities, which caused not only direct destruction, large-scale loss of life and economic losses, but also had an extremely negative impact on the ecological situation. The article outlines the necessary tasks of modern state regulation of the ecological situation in the region, its focus on the restoration of the natural environment and the return to world standards of the natural environment after the end of the war.

Development of eco-marketing in the conditions of sustainable innovative development of organic agricultural production in Ukraine under the influence of the permaculture concept

By embracing a holistic approach to agriculture and land use and influencing environmental marketing practices, permaculture has been found to provide a more comprehensive and interconnected understanding of sustainable development. It is noted that ecological practices, which are the basis of organic food production, create an attractive climate for investment, taking into account the annual growth of global demand for organic products. The ways of eco-marketing development in the conditions of sustainable innovative development of organic agricultural production of Ukraine, which are considered a priority for the further development of the agro-industrial complex, under the influence of the concept of permaculture for the promotion of organic production products created by environmentally friendly means and technologies at all stages of the life cycle, have been determined. Innovative approaches for the sustainable development of modern organic agricultural production with the possibility of using permaculture design are analyzed. Also, to support the sustainable development of organic export-oriented production in Ukraine, manufacturers are actively introducing leading Ukrainian startups into their activities. It is noted that organic certification should contribute to the development of internal and external organic markets, taking into account the best practices of international experience. It has been studied how the vision of modern eco-marketing affects the promotion of products of organic productions that have organic certification in Ukraine. It is shown how the ranking of organic brands is formed by marketing experts in several stages and companies are evaluated according to the volume of production and sales in the domestic market, as well as according to the presence of brands in retail chains. A description of the TOP-10 organic brands of Ukraine in 2023 is given. A SWOT analysis and an analysis of driving forces for the development of eco-marketing in the conditions of sustainable innovative development of organic agricultural production under the influence of the concept of permaculture were carried out. The main directions of the development of eco-marketing in the conditions of sustainable innovative development of organic agricultural production of Ukraine are determined. The research is aligned with and contributes to global sustainable development goals, including those related to responsible consumption and production, climate action and global partnerships, emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental and social aspects of organic agriculture.

Concept and content of public administration manufacturing of chemical substances and chemical products in Ukraine

Concept and content of public administration manufacturing of chemical substances and chemical products in Ukraine

Organic production in Ukraine: current state and development prospects

Organic production in Ukraine: current state and development prospects

Main trends in crop production in Ukraine: forecasts and prospects

Main trends in crop production in Ukraine: forecasts and prospects

Adaptation of agricultural production to wartime realities: preservation of economic security of Ukraine

The article examines the problems and challenges of the production and sale of agricultural products that Ukrainian farmers faced during the martial law. The need for agricultural enterprises to respond to unforeseen actions, while avoiding a complete structural restructuring or destruction of the system, has been determined. What exactly is determined by the flexibility of such enterprises? The priority ways of responding to problems with exports are outlined: increasing the volume of domestic consumption, attracting investments, expanding sales markets, using state support. Import problems that appeared with the outbreak of the war in Ukraine were identified. The main ones are the decrease in the number of countries that are ready to export their vegetable products to Ukraine due to the deterioration of the political and economic situation; an increase in the cost of transporting vegetable products due to an increase in the risks and costs of transportation through the conflict zone; deterioration of the quality of vegetable products due to difficult storage and transportation conditions; an increase in the cost of vegetable products due to an increase in the costs of its cultivation and processing in exporting countries; a decrease in the volume of imports due to a decrease in the demand for vegetable products in Ukraine. The indicated areas of the flexibility of agricultural production in the conditions of martial law: the ability to quickly change the types and volumes of cultivated crops in accordance with market conditions and changes in consumer preferences; the ability to quickly change the volume and range of products produced, the ability to effectively use resources such as water, fertilizers, energy and labor through the introduction of resource-saving technologies; the ability of enterprises to adapt their workforce to changing production requirements and conditions; ability to effectively manage finances, including budgeting, financial analysis and risk management to ensure financial sustainability and flexibility in production. Therefore, the flexibility of production in combination with the principles of universality, adaptability and adaptability is a key aspect in overcoming food security in modern conditions.

СТРУКТУРНІ ЗМІНИ У ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

Changes in the structure of Ukraine's industry that took place after the full-scale military invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine were studied. Sectors of industry whose share in the industrial structure has changed significantly have been singled out. It is noted that metallurgy became one of the sectors of industry that suffered the greatest losses as a result of the war. The conducted analysis shows that a significant share of metallurgical enterprises is located in the war zone. This caused a decrease in the volume of metallurgical industrial production for 2022 by 54.59%. The reduction in the volume of individual productions led to structural changes in the industry of Ukraine. Therefore, we can draw conclusions about the growing role of the supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning in the industrial structure. As for the processing industry, against the background of emerging trends, the production of food, beverages and tobacco products, manufacture of wood products, paper production and printing activities, textile production, production of clothing, leather, leather products and other materials occupy an increasingly significant position. Taking into account the fact that our country has a well-developed raw material potential for these areas of processing, it is possible to assert positive prospects for the further development of the indicated segments of industry. However, over the last year, the dynamics of the volume of sold products was negative in all segments of the industry, except for textile production, production of clothes, leather, leather products and other materials. Structural changes in industrial products sold outside the country were studied. Critical directions of industrial production in Ukraine and possible prospects for the development of industrial potential in modern conditions have been established. We can generalize that the modern structural changes in the industry of Ukraine, on the one hand, arose under the influence of the war and are negative, since our country has lost powerful industries. And, on the other hand, despite the difficult political and economic situation of our country, the potential for new opportunities is developing.

ВИРОБНИЦТВО ЦУКРОВИХ БУРЯКІВ В УКРАЇНІ: СТАТИСТИКО-ПРОГНОСТИЧНА ОЦІНКА

The article discusses the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of using statistical instruments to assess the state, tendencies and prospects of beet growing, forecasting production of beet and sugar subcomplex. Using of integrated and synergistic approaches to studied issues ensure the reliability of the results of statistical analysis. The current state and dynamics of the sugar beet production in Ukraine are analyzed. In recent years, there has been a negative trend in the reduction of sugar beet acreage and production volumes. For the period of 2003–2022, the average annual absolute decrease in sugar beet acreage was 30,5 thousand hectares. As a result, sugar beet production volumes are decreasing, and the availability of raw materials for sugar factories is decreasing. The tendencies and prospects of sugar beet production were assessed using economic and mathematical methods and models. Both simple methods of dynamic series analysis and construction of linear/non-linear trendy models were used to identify the tendency of the effective indicators of sugar beet production. The effective factor of intensity of development of beet growing, increase of volumes of beet production is the yield of sugar beet. The linear, exponential and parabolic trend models of sugar beet yield are built. Using the standard deviation and coefficient of variation, the linear and parabolic trend equations are estimated. The closeness of the analytical series to the empirical series of dynamics was established by the calculated bond density indicators. It was found that the parabolic trend model accurately reflects the sugar beet yield trend. Statistical instruments were used to forecast sugar beet production in the form of a dynamic system and reproduce this system in the short term with a certain level of probability. The parabolic trend model was used to make predictive calculations of sugar beet yield in Ukraine. The forecast level of sugar beet yield in Ukraine in 2024 will be in the range from 436,4 dt/ha to 576,1 dt/ha.

РЕЦЕПТУРНІ ІННОВАЦІЇ ЯК СКЛАДОВІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ РИНКУ МАЙОНЕЗНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

Mayonnaises and mayonnaise sauces are food products for mass consumption. There is no intensive growth in the may-onnaise market, but it has a stable dynamic in terms of expanding the range of products, which differ in calorie content, composition, taste properties and functional purpose. Analysts see the main ways to the positive dynamics of mayonnaise production in Ukraine as the expansion of the assortment due to the introduction of recipe innovations, improvement of the safety and quality of mayonnaise when using components of natural origin.The market of mayonnaise products has changed significantly over the past decades. We have a significant expansion of the assortment due to dietary, vegetarian, nutrient-enriched mayonnaise sauces and products with special flavor and aroma additives and fillers. A large number of functional additives (including complex action) appeared among the prescription com-ponents, which requires their systematization, study of properties and interaction with other components, as well as research into the issues of their influence on the quality and safety of the obtained products. It is urgent to form a comprehensive ap-proach to the practical implementation of innovative recipe proposals in production, taking into account advanced global trends and transformational changes in the food market.The analysis of the publications showed that considerable attention is paid to the issue of expanding the assortment of mayonnaise products due to recipe innovations. Scientific works are carried out, which are aimed at finding new functional additives and creating products with a balanced fatty acid composition, enriched with vitamins, trace elements, dietary fibers and with improved organoleptic characteristics. The possibility of using food production waste as secondary raw materials in the production of mayonnaise sauces is being studied. At the same time, a significant number of obtained research results do not find practical implementation directly in production, which requires the search for a new approach to ensuring the full cycle of creating an innovative mayonnaise product.The information presented in the article is of an overview nature and contains an analysis of existing trends in the pro-duction of new types of mayonnaise products and the search for ways to implement recipe innovations. The creation of innova-tive mayonnaise sauces is carried out by extracting individual recipe components (for example, egg products); replacing one component with another (for example, removing sugar and introducing synthetic sweeteners, or replacing synthetic E-additives with natural analogues); additional introduction of functional additives for enrichment with vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers; use of oil mixtures with a balanced fatty acid composition, etc. The practical implementation of recipe innovations at enterprises of the industry requires close cooperation of scientists and manufacturers of mayonnaise products, the use of digital technolo-gies, artificial intelligence, taking into account changes in regulatory documents that regulate issues of product safety, waste management, etc. The production and entry into the market of innovative mayonnaise products must be accompanied by the provision of complete information about the composition and properties of the product, as well as take into account the requests of all groups of consumers, studying their reaction and the degree of acceptance of new products

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО СТРАХУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

The article examines the evolution of the health insurance system in Ukraine, and also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using corporate insurance to expand voluntary health insurance programs. It is noted that the Ukrainian health care system is at the stage of reform, and mandatory health insurance has not yet been implemented. The main participants of voluntary health insurance are corporate clients. The purpose of medical insurance is to provide guaranteed medical care in the event of an insured event at the expense of accumulated funds. In addition, the insurance system is aimed at financing preventive measures and improving the quality and expanding access to medical services. A significant outflow of labor from Ukraine and, as a result, increased competition for qualified personnel forces companies to use new strategies to ensure employee loyalty. This is especially relevant for those who have survived the crisis in recent years and intend to strengthen their positions in the market. The successful management experience of companies, their practices, including personnel management, serve as an example for other participants in Ukrainian business. The medical reform that began in the country is the subject of active discussions in social networks and mass media, it is difficult to assess its direct impact on market growth indicators. In our opinion, while waiting for the changes, employers are showing much more interest in paying for medical treatment for their employees, and more and more employees are getting an insurance policy from their employer. The purpose of medical insurance is to provide guaranteed medical care in the event of an insured event at the expense of accumulated funds. In addition, the insurance system is aimed at financing preventive measures and improving the quality and expanding access to medical services. In connection with the ambiguity of the legislation regarding the mandatory form of health insurance in Ukraine, within the framework of our study, we will focus on its voluntary form. Thus, voluntary medical insurance is a type of insurance designed to provide the policyholder with a guarantee of full or partial reimbursement by the insurer of additional costs associated with contacting a medical institution for a service provided in accordance with the voluntary medical insurance program. Demand for voluntary health insurance products in Ukraine is very low. Insureds are mainly corporate clients, namely employers who insure their employees. Thus, it is possible to consider corporate health insurance as a separate segment of health insurance, which is part of the system of ensuring the human right to health.

Development of investment support for agricultural production in Ukraine

Development of investment support for agricultural production in Ukraine

Structural and logical scheme of construction of technical means of control of unproductive fuel consumption by machine and tractor units

Purpose. Reduce unproductive fuel consumption in agroindustrial production in Ukraine. Methods. System analysis of opportunities to reduce fuel consumption in crop production. Synthesis of the structural and logical scheme of information support for unproductive fuel consumption by machine and tractor units. Results. Structural-logical scheme of information support for unproductive fuel consumption by machine and tractor units in the performance of the main technological operations of crop production. Conclusions 1. Fuel consumption per unit of production in Ukrainian agriculture needs to be significantly reduced. 2. Unproductive fuel consumption generally occurs for organizational (up to 40 %), qualification (up to 40 %) and technical (up to 15 %) reasons. 3. Operational control and analysis of fuel consumption with the help of additional technical intelligence during ordinary operation of MTA can reduce fuel consumption by up to 51 %. Keywords: machine and tractor unit, fuel, operational control, unproductive costs, information support.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИКИДІВ І ДРЕЙФУ ПИЛУ ЗАСОБІВ ПРОТРУЮВАННЯ НАСІННЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИСІВАННЯ: ОГЛЯД

The purpose of the work: assessment of the risks of poisoning beneficial pollinating insects by analyzing the problem of the drift of poisoner materials used to disinfect the seeds of row crops and sowing poisoned seeds with pneumatic seeders. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out based on the results of a review of global scientific and technical achievements in the specified field with the use of current regulatory documents on the safety of agricultural machines: DSTU EN ISO 12100-2016, ISO 14121-1: 2007 and ISO/TR 14121-2:2007. Results. Most modern planters use a system of pneumatic seed feeding from the hopper to the coulter through a pneumatic line. During the operation of the tractor with the seeder in the field, dust is formed, which, together with the air, enters the pneumatic system of the seeder and acts as a «sandblaster». Captured dust grinds the coating of poisoned seeds, and then takes this mixture with it outside, into the atmosphere. Fine dust is formed mainly due to the insufficient quality of the seed coating process. Coarse dust mainly contains particles of larger sizes that have fallen from the treated seeds. Dust that contains very high levels of pollinator materials can move beyond seeded fields and kill bees and other natural pollinators. In Ukraine and the EU countries, no single clearly established legal act would determine the quantitative limitation of dust emissions when sowing poisoned seeds. The situation in the EU, regarding the regulation of the drift of the mordant, takes place per the legislation of each country, but in compliance with the basic principles and provisions of the Machinery Directive. A coordinating role in this process is played by the Julius-Kuhn Institute, which has developed a register of vacuum planters that meet the requirements for reducing the drift of dust from the seed treatment. Ukraine, moving in the direction of harmonizing legislation and norms to EU requirements, approved the Technical Regulation of Machine Safety - a complete analog of the European Machinery Directive, which contains a separate appendix, that establishes additional essential requirements for safety and health protection, which machine manufacturers must observe during design and manufacture of certain types of machines, including machines intended for the application of pesticides. Standardization of emissions of dust contaminated with seed protection products in Ukraine can be determined and controlled according to DSTU EN ISO 17962:2017. Conclusions. To prevent and reduce emissions and drift of dust from seed treatment agents, a responsible comprehensive approach is necessary, namely: high-quality preparation of seeds for treatment with treatment agents and high-quality application of the treatment agent; making changes to the design of pneumatic seed drills, equipping them with additional dust-catching equipment, or equipment that changes the direction of air movement; if possible, sowing in a period when there is no strong wind. Keywords: poisoner, pneumatic seeder, drift of poisoner dust, poisoned seeds, death of bees, pollinators, pesticides.

NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: CONSEQUENCES AND RISKS OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION

The natural resources of Ukraine are suffering from russia forces. Ukraine is known as one of Europe’s largest grain producers. Ukraine is a major exporter of wheat (accounts for 10% of world exports), corn (15%), barley (15%), and sunflower (especially oil – 50%). The ongoing the Russian-Ukrainian war strengthens the unstable economic system in country. Military actions influence the environment of Ukraine in terms of climate change, soil and impact on agriculture, water security and supply. According to this, grain production in Ukraine decreased by 40%, and structure of crop losses due to war: wheat – 39%, sunflowers – 17%, corn – 12%, barley – 8%, fruits and berries – 3%, other crops – 21%. In addition, the Russian-Ukrainian war has impacted water availability and quality (risk for water resources), soil quality and degradation (risk for soil resources), forest health and productivity and habitat of species (risk for biological resources). For instance, the description of sewage treatment plants (the sewage treatment facilities were shelled in the city of Mykolaiv city, the sewage treatment facilities in the village of Novotroitske, Volnovasky district, Donetsk oblast were damaged etc. ), disruption of water supply to the crop production (damaged irrigation systems in Ukraine: 94% in the Kherson region, 74% in the Zaporizhia region, 30% in the Dnipropetrovsk region ), pollution of the surface and underground waters (massive flooding of military equipment and ammunition in reservoirs, leaks of oil products and other chemical compounds). In this article, we analyzed of the environmental situation under the impact of russian aggression on the state of natural resources of the country and justification of the consequences of this impact; identified the determination of the main risks for providing the country with food and the branches of the national economy with water supply, as well as the preservation of environmental components; proposed the development of proposals for the assessment of environmental damage to the environment as a result of the military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine. We have identified the main risk: for food safety (the impact of military actions on soil resources – a risk of reduced food provision potential due to the loss of land productivity, since up to 30% of agricultural land is mined and according to the results of 2022, the crop yield losses has reached 17%); for environmental safety (the impact on military actions on water resources – damaged the dams and drainage systems, destruction of sewage treatment plants, seizure of hydroelectric power plants, and mining of coastline caused bacterial (oil products, lubricants) and organic (biogenic substances) pollution of water bodies and water shortages for the population (complete absence of water supply in temporarily occupied territories) and agriculture (irrigation networks were affected)); for protection of ecosystems (up to 20% of the reserve fund has already been affected, 600 species of fauna and 750 species of flora, including those listed in the Red Data Book, are threatened with extinction).

Analysis of approaches to the use of intermediate crops as feedstock for biomethane production in Ukraine

The wide use of renewable energy sources, in particular biomass, makes a significant contribution to the decarbonization of the energy and transport sectors. Today, one of the most promising directions for the development of European and Ukrainian bioenergy is the production and consumption of biomethane. Biomethane can be used both, as a direct substitute for natural gas in the production of heat and electricity, and as motor fuel. The priority development of biogas/biomethane production is indicated in the European Green Deal, which the EU has been following since the end of 2019. Special attention is paid to the issues of sustainable development of bioenergy, including the use of sustainable feedstock for obtaining all types of biofuels. Because of this, the new version of the EU Renewable Energy Directive of 2023 (RED III) strengthened the sustainability requirements for the production of liquid biofuels and biogas for transport. One of the sustainable types of feedstocks for the production of biomethane can be biomass of intermediate crops, which are plants that are grown in the time interval free from the cultivation of main crops in the crop rotation. All the mentioned issues are relevant and important for Ukraine as a member of the Energy Community and a potential member of the EU, which will join the implementation of the European Green Deal in the future. The purpose of the work is to assess the potential of biomethane production from intermediate crops in Ukraine and to develop some preliminary recommendations for the development of this sector. The assessment of the potential was carried out using the conservative approach described in the study by experts of Ghent University (Belgium). It is assumed that 20% of the total sown area can be allocated for the cultivation of intermediate crops. The obtained results show that even with a conservative approach, the potential for biomethane production from intermediate crops is the largest component of the total potential for obtaining biomethane from various feedstocks in Ukraine, namely 9.29 billion m3 CH4/y, which is 47% of the total potential. This points to very good prospects for the development of this bioenergy sector in the country. When elaborating preliminary recommendations for the introduction of biomethane production from intermediate crops in Ukraine, main principles of Biogasdoneright, the European model of sustainable agriculture development were taken into account. Ukraine’s natural-climatic and soil-water conditions have been analysed from the viewpoint of possibility and effectiveness of growing intermediate crops for bioenergy. Some types of agricultural crops for sequential cultivation and possible crop rotations have been suggested. The directions of further research, scientific and practical work necessary for the development of this bioenergy sector in Ukraine have been determined.

Balanced use of agricultural land affected by war in Ukraine as a prerequisite for sustainable development

The issue of ensuring the sustainable development of humanity is recognized as one of the most urgent problems facing society today. The article is devoted to the generalization of the features of the development of sustainable land use and the definition of the main problems of the sustainable use of agricultural land in Ukraine during the period of European integration, reforms of local self-government in the country, martial law and post-war recovery. The work highlights the main principles and goals of sustainable land use, in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. According to the authors, the practical implementation of the concept of sustainable land use requires determining the priorities of the use of agricultural land, and above all, ecological land. It was noted that the state of land resources in Ukraine was characterized as tense, due to the irrational use of the country's land resource potential, excessive plowing and land degradation. The authors note that organic agriculture has been developing in Ukraine in recent decades, but as a result of full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022, the issue of organic production in Ukraine took a back seat. The most acute environmental problems are the development of degradation processes on the arable lands of Ukraine, which causes the mining of territories, the formation of craters from shelling, and landslides. Proposed priority areas of development of sustainable land use in Ukraine, which will allow transition to a model of sustainable development

ОЦІНКА СВІТЛОВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА З УРАХУВАННЯМ БЕЗПЕКИ ПРАЦІ ТА ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОСТІ ЛЮДЕЙ ПРИ ВИКОНАННІ РОБІТ ВИСОКОЇ ЗОРОВОЇ СКЛАДНОСТІ

Purpose. Development of a complex methodology for evaluating the production light environment when performing works of high visual complexity. Methodology is to use comparative analysis of methodical approaches to the assessment of the light environment, which is the basis for the standardization of the light environment of workplaces in the EU countries and Ukraine. The regulatory documents have been analyzed from the point of view of the impact of the light environment on work safety, work capacity, and the psychophysiological state of workers who perform visual work of high complexity, as the most vulnerable category of workers. Results. Our analysis of international and Ukrainian acts that regulate the quality of the light environment at workplaces and research methods that take into account the quality of the light environment when performing work of high visual complexity allows us to establish that they do not fully take into account the requirements for the light environment in the work area and on workplaces.Taking into account the data of the world experience when assessing working conditions by the light environment factor, the justification and selection of the light environment criteria has been carried out for the first time, which allows to qualitatively assess the influence of the light environment when performing works of high visual complexity. For the first time, an algorithm for step-by-step assessment of the quality of lighting in the workplace is proposed to assess the components of the light environment, taking into account the impact of natural and artificial lighting on work capacity, safety, and psychophysiological activity, taking into account the psychophysiological state of workers. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a scientific and practical justification and selection of criteria for the parameters of the light environment has been carried out, which allows to qualitatively assess the influence of the light environment during the performance of visual tasks of high complexity. Practical significanse. The results of the implementation of the research make it possible to improve the methods of researching the production environment. Taking into account the factor of the light environment allows to increase the safety of work of a wide category of workers in various industries, which is especially important in connection with the spread of automation of production in Ukraine and the world, and, accordingly, an increase in the category of workers performing work related to high visual load. Keywords: visual environment; lighting environment; glance; labor protection.

Transformacija solventne potražnje i potrošnje hrane u Ukrajini u uvjetima rata

The article is devoted to the assessment of the state and peculiarities of the formation of the solvent demand for food products in Ukraine during the war and the determination of the optimal amount of wages to ensure the consumption of the main set of food products at the level of rational standards. A comprehensive analysis of structural changes in the solvent demand for food consumption in Ukraine in the war was carried out using the monographic method. Determination of actual and aggregate costs at the level of rational standards for food products was carried out using the calculation-constructive method. The comparison of actual and necessary costs at the level of rational norms for nutrition was carried out on the basis of collected statistical and calculated data by the method of comparative analysis. It is recognized that the war has negative consequences in the nutrition of Ukrainians. During the first year of the war, the price affordability of food products decreased by 26.6% on average. In 2010-2022, the share of population spending on food remains very significant (from 51.6% in 2010 to 57.8% in 2022). In 2023, this indicator is expected to grow to 58.5%. It has been proven that in order to consume basic food products in accordance with rational norms, the population of Ukraine had to spend 1.56 times more in 2021 than the actual expenses. To achieve the level of consumption in accordance with rational standards in 2022, an additional 23,478 UAH per year, or 1,957 UAH per month, is needed. The forecast for 2023 predicts a deterioration of the ratio of actual food costs to costs under rational standards to 1.68. It was determined that in 2021 the wage level should be at least UAH 33,944 (EUR 1,131) per person per month, which is 2.41 times higher than the actual wage level in the country. The war worsened this ratio to 2.6. It was established that in 2023, for food at the level of rational consumption standards, a Ukrainian should earn 38,564 UAH (964 EUR per month), which is 2.9 times higher than the actual wage level (13,423 UAH or 335 EUR). The novelty of the study consists in the development and practical testing of the methodology for determining the optimal wage of Ukrainians to ensure the consumption of the main set of food products at the level of rational standards.