Ukrainian Foreign Policy Research Articles

STATE REGULATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the social and economic development of rural areas as an important component of social and regional policy. It is noted that in the terms of a transformational economy, it should be based on new principles of organizational support and financing, support for integrated rural development, attracting investment resources, based on the needs of the rural population. It is determined that one of the main causes of the crisis in the Ukrainian countryside is the loss of state control over the processes of socio-economic development of rural areas. It is investigated that the most important precondition for overcoming the crisis is the creation of an effective system of state regulation in the rural sector of Ukraine. The formation of self-sufficient (in particular in financial terms) territorial communities of rural areas is proposed is one of the ways of socio-economic development of rural areas. It is analyzed that the state policy of Ukraine in the field of local self-government is based on the interests of residents of territorial communities and provides for decentralization of power, i.e. transfer of large amounts of power, resources and responsibilities from local governments to local authorities. This policy is based on the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the best world standards of public relations. The focus of research is state regulation of rural development processes – the main priority of public policy in the vector of European integration of Ukraine's foreign policy. Increasing the importance of solving the problems of rural areas requires a change of state orientation in the direction of increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas, introduction of structural adjustment of rural economic infrastructure to balanced multifunctional development, formation of organizational and economic tool for risk management and safety of rural development. It is established that one of the main conditions for the effective functioning of local budgets is to ensure the formation of sufficient financial resources for their independence and autonomy in order to meet the needs of the rural population.

Особливе партнерство України і Канади в безпековій та оборонній сферах

Характерною рисою української зовнішньої політики в період її становлення було започаткування партнерських відносин України з багатьма країнами. Канада стала першою країною з якою були встановлені відносини «особливого» партнерства. В чому полягає ця «особливість» на відміну від поняття «відмінність»? Очевидно, що ця особливість обумовлюється багатьма подібними трендами в історії розвитку України та Канади, на відміну від відносин з іншими країнами. Особливість українсько-канадських відносин також полягає в тому, що у розвитку їх велику роль відіграє українська діаспора в Канаді. Дослідження цих особливих українсько-канадських відносин показує, що не зважаючи на зміну урядів і глобальних трансформацій міжнародного середовища, саме Канада була і залишається найбільш надійним і послідовним партнером України в підтримці її державного суверенітету, територіальної цілісності, безпеки, демократії, економічного розвитку і процвітання. Канада для України є певним взірцем соціальної держави, яка проводить виважену миролюбну зовнішню політику, спрямовану на зміцнення як національної так і міжнародної безпеки. У статті висвітлені основні аспекти імплементації особливого партнерства України і Канади в безпековій та оборонній сфері, проаналізована ґрунтовна договірно-правова база, на якій розвиваються україно-канадські відносини в цій царині. Особлива увага приділена в цій статті питанням, які залишились поза увагою багатьох публікацій на тему україно-канадських відносин. Це проблематика спільних дій України і Канади в сфері міжнародної безпеки та допомога Канади в зміцненні національної безпеки і оборони України в умовах російсько-української війни.

The role of historical narratives in Ukraine’s policy toward the EU and Russia

The article argues that policymakers often make use of historical narratives in order to underpin their foreign policy agenda. It duly explores how the structure of such a narrative is realized linguistically and illustrates this point by exploring a recent shift in Ukrainian foreign policy discourse. It is argued that in order to justify its pro-EU foreign policy agenda, the Ukrainian political leadership has promoted the understanding that Ukrainians have historical experiences that are similar to Europeans and different from Russians, and that this justifies Ukraine’s aspirations to distance itself from Russia and become an EU member.

The new Cold War and its Influence on the Formation of Ukrainian Foreign Policy Priorities

The article explores the state and development trends of modern international relations. It is noted that modern scientific thought has not yet developed unified approaches to characterizing the current stage in the development of international relations. At the same time, many scientists and political analysts assess the current state of international relations as a new “cold war”. In support of this position, they point out that in recent years a whole network of clashes, wars and contradictions has developed around the world, at the center of which were disagreements of the same nature as during the years of the first Cold War. At the same time, there is an opinion that the current relations between the West and the Russian Federation cannot be characterized as a new “cold war”. The status of Russia today cannot be compared with the status of the USSR, China is much stronger than the Russian Federation, and the United States remains the dominant force in the world.
 It is noted that, although the current conflict in many respects differs from the first Cold War, there are a number of general signs that suggest the similarity of modern international relations with the conflict of the previous historical period. The tools that participants in the conflict can use have changed, the role of ideology has decreased, and, on the contrary, the importance of the economy, technologies and the information sphere has increased, nuclear weapons have a different influence and geography, and the processes of globalization significantly affect the dynamics of international relations. But in a sense, the current conflict can be called a continuation of the first Cold War.
 Ukraine, along with some other post-Soviet countries, has become an arena of confrontation between the collective West and the Russian Federation in the context of the new Cold War. Based on this, the main priority of Ukraine’s foreign policy should be the effective implementation of the European and Euro-Atlantic integration strategy. Joining the Euro-Atlantic security system and approaching Western standards of democracy, law and socio-economic development will be the main guarantee of independence and further progressive development of the Ukrainian state.

СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПРОТИДІЇ РОСІЙСЬКІЙ АГРЕСІЇ

Introduction. Ukraine's foreign policy is carried out in the difficult conditions of the transformation of the modern system of international relations and Russian aggression during the systemic crisis of European security and against the background of deteriorating global security in the world.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to base the foreign policy priorities on the basis of the current situation analysis of the foreign policy sphere taking into account the influence of the dominant geopolitical factors.Methods. The methodological basis of the article is a systematic method that allowed analyzing the state and prospects of the development of Ukraine's foreign policy as an integral system. Historical method was used to determine the directions and trends of Ukraine's relations with the EU, NATO and the Russian Federation.Results. In spite of the difficulties, Ukraine has somehow managed to strengthen its position on the international scene. At the same time, the question of a new stages in foreign policy its key priorities and realistic challenges for the coming years will inevitably arise. The author investigates the problems and prospects of developing relations between Ukraine and the EU, NATO and the Russian Federation, substantiates the priorities of Ukraine's foreign policy at the present stage. Originality The scientific novelty of the article is a comprehensive study of the state and prospects of the development of Ukraine's foreign policy at the present stage and further substantiation of the priorities of Ukraine's foreign policy. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using the obtained results in the organization of cooperation with foreign policy partners of Ukraine.Conclusion European integration of Ukraine, as a key priority of foreign policy, should be based on pragmatism and be filled with practical content in order to implement European standards and norms in all spheres of public life. Relations with NATO should be aimed at achieving standards and membership criteria for full membership of the Alliance. The Russian Federation is the greatest threat to the independent existence of Ukraine. It is possible to protect itself against Russian aggression only in the case of consolidation of Ukrainian society, the implementation of systemic internal reforms, the development of a powerful defense complex and conducting convincing information policy.

ACTUAL QUESTIONS OF STATE REGULATION OF FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE

In the framework of Ukraine's foreign policy on integration with the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU), by pursuing the necessary reforms, our country is gradually and persistently approaching European standards in the field of civil protection. Therefore, the problems of fire safety in Ukraine are of particular relevance. Nowadays, they are interconnected and interdependent with the problems of economic, social, technogenic and environmental danger - unsatisfactory fire situation in our country forces the relevant authorities and organizations to work for the prevention and prevention of fire threats, for the protection of life and health of people, national wealth and the environment.
 The article reveals a number of shortcomings in the fire safety regulation system in Ukraine, in particular, the inconsistency of domestic experience with the standards and norms of the European Union and international bodies, the outdated paradigm of inspection and risk assessment on a scale, excessive pressure of state supervision (control) on entrepreneurs (control) imperfection of the insurance services market, lack of interest of some state bodies of executive power in the state policy of deregulation, low level of responsibility of objects of protection of requirements the gamut of fire safety.

Ukraine-EU: economic integration strategy

The practical aspects of Ukraine`s economic integration into the EU are still relevant, but are presented with insufficient formalization. The article aims to define the prospects of the Ukrainian integration strategy in the contemporary global space, in particular its Eurointegration strategy. The state and the prospects of the Ukraine’s economic integration into the EU were analyzed and the process of the Ukrainian foreign policy evolution in the European direction was studied. The possible potential membership of Ukraine in the EU was analyzed on the basis of characteristics of current state of the relationships between Ukraine and the member-states. The multi-vector integration course into the EU was stipulated with the aim to renovate the Ukrainian economy effectively; positive and negative aspects of Ukraine’s entrance into the integration association were analyzed. The article offers the measures for practical implementation of Ukraine’s integration intensions on the basis of the analysis of a variety of Ukrainian legislation documents in the field of foreign and domestic policy.

Perspectives of inclusive development of the region in the context of crisis

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of methods: the method of theoretical generalization – when identifying the main characteristics of inclusive development; systems approach – in determining the practices of interaction between the regional level of the national economy and the European Union; analysis and synthesis – to identify areas of inclusive development of regions in the face of the main challenges of today's crisis, the institutional approach – in determining the main institutions of influence on the inclusive component of regional development of the national economy. Results. European integration occupies a special place in the system of Ukraine's foreign policy priorities. The main directions of regional cooperation for Ukraine and the EU have been identified. The main directions of institutional influence on the part of the EU and the increase of the level of inclusive development of the regions of Ukraine are revealed. It is shown that European integration is seen as a way to modernize the economy, overcome technological backwardness, attract foreign investment and new technologies, create new jobs, increase the competitiveness of domestic producers, and access the world markets, especially the EU market. Based on the analysis of the current implementation of European legislation and practices of interaction, the main directions of inclusive development of regions are formulated to mitigate the impact of today's crisis. Novelty. It is proposed to determine the strategic directions of inclusive development of the regions of Ukraine in crisis conditions, including the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: human capital development; development of advantages of each region; economic growth and qualitative redistribution of budget funds in terms of implementing the concept of inclusive development of the country's regions; implementation of the concept of sustainable development reorientation of public policy. Practical value. The proposed guidelines are aimed at raising the level of the social component of regional development, which is one of the defining components of inclusive development, provided that state regulatory influences are intensified.

УКРАИНСКАЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭЛИТА КАК ФАКТОР ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОСНОВ ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ УКРАИНЫ

The purpose of the article is to study the role and features of the influence of the political elite of Ukraine on the formation of the country's foreign policy. The research methodology is based on axiological and structural-functional approaches to the study of political elites, as well as the methods of sociological science. As a result of the study, it was found that the most important feature that predetermined the character and composition of the Ukrainian political elite is the merging of the power and economic elites. The internal political development of Ukraine is an example of the increased importance of elites in determining the ways of the country's development. The interests and views of the Ukrainian political elite are a determining factor in the formation of Ukraine's foreign policy, which is based on the development of relations with the West and distance from Russia. At the same time, there is a significant divergence of views of the Ukrainian political elite and society on the vision of the foundations of the country's foreign policy. It is due to the different perceptions of the political elite and broad masses of the population of the value of the country's sovereignty, as well as the interests of the most influential representatives of the Ukrainian economic elite who are actively involved in the internal political process.

PARTNERSHIP AND CONTRADICTION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND HUNGARY

The essence and prospects of Ukraine 's foreign policy in the conditions of the crisis of the transitive world order in the Eastern European context are revealed. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe actively support Ukraine in its policy of integration into European and Euro-Atlantic structures. At the same time, the range of threats to Ukraine's national security arising from Eastern European countries, which inflate the situation around the historical and cultural heritage and oppression of Ukraine by their national minorities, should not be ruled out. Hungary is biased and constantly accuses Ukraine of violating the rights of its national team living in Transcarpathia. Moreover, after Ukraine adopted the Law on Education, which defines the need for Ukrainian to be studied by representatives of all national minorities living on its territory, Hungary is blocking Kyiv's intentions to move closer to the EU and NATO. Nationalist political forces, which are popular in Eastern European countries and enlist the support of Russia, periodically declare the need to expand the autonomy of Transcarpathia, which may carry the risks of separatism for Ukraine. Hungary also periodically grants citizenship to its national minority, which lives compactly in Transcarpathia due to mass passportization. Nevertheless, we are convinced that Hungary, like all Eastern European countries, is interested in a stable and democratic Ukraine against the background of threats from Russia. For its part, Ukraine needs to implement a comprehensive strategy to counter the threats posed by neighboring countries by supporting dialogue and strengthening strategic partnerships with Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and others. It is a compromise on humanitarian issues that will allow an agreement to be reached between Hungary with Ukraine and a view to its further rapprochement and integration into NATO and the EU

Политика США на украинском направлении (1991–2013): между сдержанностью и всесторонней поддержкой

Nowadays, the Ukrainian crisis is the most serious threat to the European security and stability since the late 1980s symbolizing the end of the Cold War era. It is accompanied by the protracted conflict in Donbass as well as ongoing disputes on the Crimean Peninsula status between Russia, on the one hand, and Ukraine with its Western allies, on the other. Ukrainian issues are widely represented in the scholarly literature today. However, the most of papers examine Ukraine exclusively as a polygon of the Russian-Western confrontation, focusing mainly on the “Euro-Maidan” and consequent events in Crimea and Donbass. The authors of this article consider the U.S.-Ukrainian bilateral relations as having their own motives and logics, not restricting this issue by the “Russian factor”. Their analysis includes evolution of the Ukrainian foreign policy priorities, the U.S. approaches to the post-Soviet space in general and newly independent Ukraine in particular. It is offered to look at the U.S.-Ukrainian relationship since the USSR demise till 2013. In the authors’ opinion, the “Euro-Maidan” and all developments after it radically transformed the Ukrainian foreign policy in the pro-Western direction. At the same time, Washington balancing between restraint and active cooperation with the post-Soviet Ukraine intensified its full-scaled support of Kiev (Kyiv) as an important strategic ally in the Black Sea region. The article examines some fluctuations in the relationship of the two countries. It analyzes the “bursts” of the U.S. support for Ukraine (1991, 2004–2005 and 2013) and declines of interest to it as well (late 1990s; the period between 2007 and 2013). The authors assume that Washington was not extremely stirring in Ukrainian issues prior 2013. However, the full-scaled domestic crisis in this country pushed the U.S. to a more active engagement. This growing American influence challenged the existing status quo, because it was perceived by Moscow as an ongoing Western offensive to diminish the Russian influence in Eurasia. Acknowledgements. The research has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Nonprofit Expertise Institute for Social Research as part of the scientific project No. 19-011-31330 опн “AmericanUkrainian Relations in the Post-Soviet Era: Strategic Interests, Motives, Values”.

АНАЛІЗ ЗОВНІШНЬОТОРГОВЕЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ З МЕТОЮ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

The study is based on the current problem of improving state foreign trade policy. Based on the use of the method of generalization of statistical data (to describe and systematize the factors influencing foreign trade in order to identify trends in its development) and the method of structural analysis (to analyze the structure of foreign trade in terms of goods and geography). In recent years, there has been a proportional distribution of positions in the structure of exports and imports of goods. This characterizes the raw material orientation and food structure of exports, imported energy dependence and a high share of finished products (machinery, equipment, vehicles, etc.) in the structure of imports, which determines the problems in Ukraine's foreign trade policy. This indicates that today the export policy does not reflect the effective implementation of tasks and objectives to improve the economic development of the country through the formation of competitive export potential. A significant share of import operations in the country's foreign trade turnover requires a reorientation of domestic production and investment. In order to improve the state policy, it is proposed to identify the priority of highly efficient export industries, ensure the development of the environmental component of enterprises and provide support in the field of investment capital incentives to create value-added products. In addition, the development of state policy in the field of customs regulation requires expanding the geography of trade agreements with developing countries. One of the tasks of improving foreign trade policy should be to create a competitive environment in the domestic market and support exports through the use of political, legal, economic, institutional, information mechanisms. This will ensure Ukraine's participation in global value chains and will form a high level of the country's competitiveness in the international market of goods and services.

OPINION JOURNALISM ACTIVITY OF VOLODYMYR SALSKYI

The main directions of journalistic activity of the Major General, Minister of Military Affairs of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), and the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile Volodymyr Salskyi, which became an integral part of his social and political activity, are considered. Passion for journalism was typical of many prominent personalities of the early 20th century. V. Salskyi considered opinion journalism an essential element of educational activities, and under the war conditions – an effective method of ideological influence on the people, the formation of its national consciousness and patriotism. The military-political figure's first attempts in opinion journalism occurred in 1920, stimulated by his own experience of participation in World War I and the Ukrainian National Revolution, difficult domestic and foreign policy circumstances in Ukraine, and the struggle against Bolshevik Russia. The top of his journalistic career was the emigration period, especially in the second half of the 1920s. The publications with which V. Salskyi collaborated were considered, in particular, «Tabor», «Hurtuimosia», «Tryzub», «Za Derzhavnist». The minister's articles were united around national-state issues, the propaganda of patriotism, sincere faith in the Ukrainian cause's success, and, finally, the building of an independent united Ukraine. The central leitmotif of almost all publications is the army, the history of its formation, heroism in the national liberation struggle of 1917–1921, as well as the role in the further struggle for the realization of the national idea. V. Salskyi's articles are analyzed. His articles demonstrated the author's remarkable writing talent; his publications on military-political and military-historical topics showed in-depth knowledge of political science, theory and practice of military affairs, and international politics. V. Salskyi's opinion journalism played a significant role in popularizing the Ukrainian national idea and the development of cultural, educational, and national life of Ukrainians in exile. Keywords: Volodymyr Salskyi, Minister of War, journalism, «Tryzub», national idea.

PUBLIC SECTOR INSTITUTIONS OF FOREIGN POLICY EXPERTISE IN UKRAINE:AN ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW

An important condition for the effective protection and implementation by Russia of its national interests in Ukraine is an understanding of the circle of actors that influence the development of Ukrainian foreign policy. Among them, there are expert institutions that provide analytical and scientific support for foreign policy decisions made by the highest bodies of state power. For- eign policy expertise in Ukraine is a grey area for Russian political science. The article opens a series of publications whose purpose is to solve this problem. It systematizes information about Ukrainian institutes of foreign policy expertise, those whose activities are directly or indirectly financed by the state. It was revealed that during the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych (2010– 2014), the public sector suffered significant structural damage, and its consequences have not yet been overcome. Today, Ukrainian public institutions of foreign policy expertise include: the National Institute for Strategic Studies, the Institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and university think tanks. The author considers these organizations through the prism of constructivism and institutionalism — as political structures (institutions) whose activities affect the context of Ukrainian foreign policy and the behavior of its actors. It has been established that their main scientific and applied research interests are related to problems of national, regional and international security, Russian domestic politics, problems of information, as well as military and political confrontation with Russia. All these issues are considered by institutions exclusively through the prism of Euro-Atlanticism and anti-Russian political mythology. Since at least 2014, they have been transmitting ideas hostile to Russia to the Ukrainian political and academic elite. In the same vein, the political socialization of students is carried out, in which university think tanks actively work in close collaboration with state and non-governmental organizations of NATO member countries. Today, the public sector of foreign policy expertise in Ukraine is not in the best condition, but it invariably retains its analytical and scientific potential, as well as its tough anti-Russian position.

Президентські вибори та зовнішньополітичний вибір України: грані взаємовпливу

У статті досліджується проблема взаємного впливу президентських виборчих кампаній та вибору зовнішньополітичного курсу України. Адже, Президент відповідно до Конституції України визначає зовнішньополітичний курс, може змінювати темп його реалізації та стратегічні напрямки, ініціювати суттєві трансформації у зовнішній політиці. За результатами президентських виборчих кампаній 2004, 2010 та 2014 років змінювався вектор зовнішньополітичного вибору. Водночас, реалізація зовнішньополітичного вибору напряму впливає на хід та результат виборчих кампаній в Україні. Під час виборчої кампанії 2019 року зовнішньополітичний вибір став однією із основних тем, що знайшло відображення у програмах кандидатів та дискурсі мас медіа. Визначено, що у програмах кандидатів-лідерів на пост Президента України за результатами першого туру проблема зовнішньополітичного вибору постає або окремо (П. Порошенко, Ю. Бойко), або як складова забезпечення національної безпеки та/чи економічного розвитку. Слід констатувати, що тема зовнішньополітичного вибору не стала головною під час президентської виборчої кампанії, практично не вплинула на її хід та результат. На думку В. Зеленського, питання зовнішньополітичного вибору необхідно вирішувати шляхом референдуму. У його програмі основну увагу зосереджено на внутрішньополітичних проблемах та необхідності зміни влади, її «перезавантаження». Як відомо, саме цей «меседж» було підтримано переважною більшістю громадян України як на президентських, так і на позачергових парламентських виборах. Переваги певного зовнішньополітичного вибору інші кандидати обґрунтовували історичними та політичними факторами (П. Порошенко, Ю. Бойко), економічними чинниками (Ю. Бойко, Ю. Тимошенко). Подальших досліджень потребують трансформації зовнішньої політики України у поствиборчий період, а також вплив проблеми зовнішньополітичного вибору на виборчі кампанії у наступному електоральному циклі.

European Choice of Ukraine: Prerequisites, Contents and Main Factors

The proclamation of the Act on State Independence of Ukraine is a significant milestone in the history of the Ukrainian people on their way to national self-determination. A new phase of development has begun since 1991 when institutional factors have become crucial. First of all the creation of the Ukrainian state as a new national-state phenomenon takes place. During the years of independencethe process of Ukrainian state development was accompanied by opposition of political forces, which defended the multidirectional vectors of civilization development.The article deals with the issues of the European choice of Ukraine, as a strategic orientation of the socio-political development of the country, a priority direction of its national-state self-determination. The authors set out to analyze the prerequisites, substantive aspects, major internal and external factors that have influenced Ukraine's choice of a European vector of development.The study is based on the principles of objectivity, dialectics, historicism, social determinism, pluralism. The authors use general scientific methods, including inductive-deductive, analogies, modeling, etc. The comparative method has become an instrument of comparison, and consequently knowledge of the peculiarities of the state-political systems of Ukraine and other countries, which have become the benchmarks in the process of Ukraine's foreign policy self-determination.The article analyzes the attitude of Ukrainian citizens to the foreign policy and foreign economic development vectors of our country. It is revealed that the general rejection of the multilateralismpolicy significantly changed due to the Orange Revolution, when a sharp polarization occurred in society. The denial of the negative practices of V. Yanukovych's regime was manifested in the non-alternative choice of the European vector of Ukraine's development. The period of the presidency of P. Poroshenko has once again proved that only a radical implementation of the political, legal and social norms and standards of the EU will make it possible to overcome the oligarchic traits of the state – political system of Ukraine.Ukraine's European integration aspirations, such as a manifestation of its national-state self-determination, began to gain international legal prominence from the moment when the EU embarked on an enlargement to the East course. Ukraine, as a candidate for membership in a united Europe, has to undergo a series of transformations to adapt to EU norms and standards.However, the European choice as a project of national self-determination was confronted with a number of contradictions and inconsistencies between the mutual expectations of the subjects of this process, which led to the crisis of the whole project and political crises in Ukraine. A number of factors have hindered the implementation of the European integration plan, ranging from the internal instability of Western orientations within the country itself, the unwillingness of European Union members to further enlargement, and the massive opposition from Russia seeking to keep Ukraine in its political orbit.

ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЕМІГРАЦІЙНОГО УРЯДУ УНР В КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПИ ТА ПІВНІЧНОЇ АМЕРИКИ (1924–1940 рр.)

The article describes the position and activity of the diplomatic service of the Exile Government of the Ukrainian National Republic in the countries of Europe and North America in 1924–1940. The scientific problem raised attracted the attention of representatives of the Ukrainian emigration and a number of modern Ukrainian researchers. However, the topic presented has not been adequately reflected in the national Historical science. The diplomatic service was an integral part of the foreign policy activity of the UNR emigration government and represented its interests among the world community. These are the reasons for the elimination of the Tarniv branch of the UNR. The role of S. Petliura in the intensification of diplomatic activity is illustrated. It is revealed that Warsaw and Paris were centers of implementation and coordination of the then foreign policy of the UNR. The attitude of foreign states to the Ukrainian issue is shown. The main milestones of foreign policy activity, work of diplomatic missions and ambassadors of the emigration government are analyzed. It is pointed out that the diplomatic activity was of a purely public nature, since after the signing of the Treaty of Riga in 1921, the UNR emigration government had no official representative offices in foreign countries. It was thanks to a cohort of UNR representatives who lived in different countries of the world that they were able to support work in the international arena (M. Eremiev, E. Onatsky, R. Smal-Stotskyi, O. Shulhyn, etc.). It is emphasized that active foreign policy activity was carried out not only in Western European countries but also in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Foreign and social activity in the United States and Canada is covered. The authors conclude that the Warsaw-Paris period of UNR activity in exile is a testament to the continuity of the Ukrainian foreign policy service in the international arena, which has lost its official status due to the complex international situation and Bolshevik influences. The foreign policy of the exile government was closely intertwined with the socio-political, cultural and scientific vectors of the UNR government.

GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES IN THE MODERN GLOBAL ECONOMIC SPACE

In today's context, it is considered that with the reduction of the risk of military intervention, military security has come to the forefront and economic security has become a priority for the national interests of the country. As regional forces seek to expand markets, provide access to finance and the latest technologies, economic security has become a necessary component of regional forces' ability to spread their influence. The article is devoted to the study of national security and its relation to the functioning and formation of the geo-economic strategy in the conditions of globalization of the world, taking into account the national interests of countries. Each stage of the realization of the national interests of the country has its own assessment of its geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic status, security threats and main carriers of these threats, mechanism of realization of national interests, resources, used for the purposes of such realization. Each of the stages provide its own assessment of the main definitions and categories of security, the main directions of geo-economic policy. The complex of current global mechanisms, aimed at ensuring the economic security of states from external threats, is investigated. The importance of forming the protective instruments of Ukraine's foreign economic policy is considered. The emphasis is placed on economic security, which is the foundation and material foundation of national security. The special place of economic security in the structure of national security is due to the fact that almost no type of security can be sufficiently implemented without economic security.

Cultural Diplomacy as a Tool of Ukraine’s Foreign Policy: Institutional Dimension

The present paper considers the essential role of cultural diplomacy as a foreign policy vector and discusses its place among the tools of public diplomacy. The emphasis is placed on analysing the potential of cultural diplomacy in the Ukrainian foreign policy activities. In particular, the authors examine institutional aspects of promotion of the Ukrainian culture abroad; special attention is paid to the Ukrainian Institute, established in 2017 under the auspices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As for many years there was no comprehensive governmental approach to cultural diplomacy, private initiatives in the field emerged to fill the gap. Having received some support from the Foreign Affairs Ministry and Ukraine’s diplomatic missions, these entities became part of the state’s cultural diplomacy mechanisms.

Ukraine's Foreign Policy Guidelines in the Geopolitic Vision of Dmytro Andrievsky (20-s - 30-s of XX century)

Ukraine's Foreign Policy Guidelines in the Geopolitic Vision of Dmytro Andrievsky (20-s - 30-s of XX century)