Ukrainian Archives Research Articles

PRACTICAL USE OF ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS WITHIN GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the practical use of archival documents in the process of genealogical research in Ukraine. The methodology used general scientific methods such as analysis and generalization. A descriptive method was also used, which allowed revealing this issue in more detail. The scientific novelty of the presented work consists in expanding ideas about the practical use of archival documents in the process of genealogical research in relation to the study of the genealogy of a kind and the creation of a genealogical tree. Conclusions. Genealogy today is a separate interdisciplinary field, which is a special way reflects the historicism of the social consciousness of famous people of today, their place in the social structure of society. In modern conditions of increasing interest in the genealogy of the genus, the analysis of the peculiarities of the search for genealogical information is not only theoretical but also practical. Therefore, the essential goal of the functioning of archives – the use of retrospective documentary information – is fully realized. Along with documentary sources (certificates, acts, metric books, wills, church descriptions, etc.) narrative (descriptive) archival sources are important in the process of genealogical research. Genealogical resource, which is accumulated in the archives of Ukraine, is divided into two large groups: 1) pedigrees in any form (family tree, family table, family list, etc.); 2) other types of sources that contain important information about a person, his life and environment (documents of state and public institutions that have a mass character and determine family ties between people, church metric books, census documents, etc.). Archival documents, both official and private, play the most important role in the accumulation of reliable genealogical information about a particular genus or family chronicles. Key words: genealogical research, archive, archival documents, genealogical information, archival institutions, parish registers (metrics books), census records.

The Nutrition of the Kyiv Theological Academy Students (1819–1869)

The article depicts the peculiarities of Kyiv Theological Academy students’ nutrition in the years of 1834–1863. The investigation uses documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. These are mainly monthly and annual economic reports which inform about the filling of the student’s menu during the year and logs of behavior, where the inspector recorded deviations from the rules by students. Archival documents help to illuminate aspects connected to the nutrition of students of Kyiv Theological Academy. The ego-documents of graduates, notes, instructions of rectors, economists, and inspectors of the educational institution are extremely important.Attention is paid to regulatory requirements on food that are in the “Statut” of the theological academies. The Nutrition of students in Kyiv Theological Academy depended on many aspects and did not remain stable during 1819–1869. The students could diversify their diet at their own expense. The student menu was considered, and an attempt was made to analyze the changes that occurred with the filling of the student menu during these years. Also the paper describes how the diet changed depending on the period of the liturgical year. The traditions of informal students’ meetings and the use of prohibited (alcohol) and permitted (tea) drinks by the students are considered.Special attention is paid to the question of the diet and nutrition value of products for students. Сalculations are approximate, but there are reasons to conclude that the food energy value was enough for the students’ nutrition in the Academy at least on ferias.

Том “Луганська область” енциклопедичного багатотомника “Історія міст і сіл Української РСР”: особливості підготовки

The paper deals with problems and process of preparation of the “Luhansk Region” volume as part of the unique encyclopedic project “The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR” in 26 volumes. The study is based on the documents of the central Ukrainian archives. The author focuses on the fact that due to the coordinated professional work of the regional executors of the project, the volume was prepared in a very short terms compared with the overwhelming majority of the volumes on other Ukrainian regions. After all, starting from 1967 to 1968 only 5 from the 26 volumes (that were planned according to the “On the publication of the history of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR” Decree of the Central Committee of the Ukr. SSR Communist Party on the May 29, 1962) were published. In addition, the publication of all the volumes had to be devoted to the 50th anniversary of the “Great October” (November, 7, 1967). It is worth emphasizing that initially the Main editorial board of the project did not considered the “Luhansk Region” volume to be among first volumes to be published. However, in the preparatory process, the order and timing of the publication of volumes differed from the planned due to various objective and subjective reasons, and the last book of the Ukrainian-language version of the project, namely the “Crimean Region” volume was published in 1974 only. The author on the example of the Luhansk volume creation has showed the character of that reasons. They were uncovered at the meetings of the “History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR” Main editorial board and of the “History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR” department of the Institute of History of the Ukr. SSR Academy of Sciences during discussions on various stages of the volume creation and scientific problems regarding the writing of texts. The positive role of the State Archives of the Luhansk region’s and the regional editorial board’s management in its preparation has been highlighted. The difficulty to create both the introductory article and essays about the settlements of the region was that it was formed from the territories that had been previously parts of other regional entities. Therefore, the authors not only studied a large number of literature, including the pre-revolutionary, but worked a lot in various Ukrainian and Russian archives to collect information. It happened due to the organizational support and promotion of the regional party Committee that seriously attributed to the intensive and successful process of the volume preparation.

Resources Concerning the History of Polish Jews in Castle Court Records of the 17th and 18th Centuries in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv and Lviv

The article presents types of sources which have thus far not been used, castle court books kept in the archives of the Ukrainian cities of Lviv and Kyiv. The author emphasizes the importance of these sources for research on the history and culture of Polish Jews in the 17th and 18th centuries. He also specifies the types of documents related to Jewish issues authenticated in these books (e.g. manifestations and lawsuits, declarations of the Radom Tribunal), as well as current source publications and internet databases containing selected documents from Ukrainian archives.

ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК МОСТОБУДІВНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГУБЕРНІЯХ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ ст. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЇ)

Historical literature and archival sources, which were analyzed, allowed to reveal the components of development of river transport constructions of the Kyiv province of the first half of the 19th century. Work with the corps of sources presented in Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, State Archive of Kyiv region, State Archive of Kyiv restored the peculiarities of state agencies relations, designed to coordinate the actions of local authorities, delegates of the merchant class in the field of construction of transport facilities, in particular, river bridges. It was found that the main reasons for building bridges were the aspirations of the authorities and the entrepreneurial class to provide profits that associated with the transportation of people, the supply of goods. It was established that were involved in the construction of bridges the state, represented by the provincial government, and merchants who became contractors. There were many cases when bridges, dams and river carriages were built by the efforts of several private and starost granges farms, whose economists acted as organizers of construction and their using. Regulation of the use of river structures pushed the authorities to abolish the privileges of fee collection, the right to which nobles, landowners inherited from Polish state. Authorities granted permits to build or purchase bridges only in cases, where it did not contradict the military calculations. With the help of merchants were erected not only river structures, but entrepreneurs were involved in the construction of roads leading to bridges. There were cases where foreign engineers have been involved in the design and construction of stone bridges. Contemporaries insisted on the low quality of erected transport structures (wooden dams, bridges) on small rivers of the Kyiv province by the efforts of peasants involved in the zemstvo duty. The consequences of this state of river transport facilities for trade were difficult to transporting people and goods each spring and autumn rainy season.

Місто Ізмаїл та його фортифікація (за джерелами XVI–XIX ст.)

With these words, Philip Stanislavov, bishop of Nikopol, described the Ottoman city of Izmail and its people after a pastoral visit to his diocese in 1659. A place for gathering and sorting slaves for the Constantinople market,2 Izmail had grown extensively in the seventy years since its foundation, which an official decree of Sultan Murad III dates to November 1589. The birth of this fortified city and its development from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries are exhaustively reconstructed in a book coauthored by Andrew Krasnozhon, historian, and Mehmet Tütüncü, specialist in medieval Ottoman epigraphy.Located in what is now Ukraine, along the northernmost branch of the Danube Delta, Izmail is relatively famous for having been stormed and taken by Russian troops led by General Alexander Suvorov in 1790, during the Russo-Turkish war of 1787–1792.3 The rest of its history is practically unknown, however, even in Ukraine. Andrew Krasnozhon and Mehmet Tütüncü fill this gap based on documents mainly from Russian, Turkish, and Ukrainian archives. Cartographical and iconographical sources also play an important role and include about ten Ottoman maps and plans and a series of watercolors by the Russian painter Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov (1748–1823) dating to the late eighteenth century.The book is arranged in twelve parts: I, “The Beginning of the City’s History”; II, “The First Construction Works”; III, “The City in the Possession of Mehmed-aga’s Charitable Foundation”; IV, “The Development of Izmail in the 1590s”; V, “Christian Izmail in the 17th Century”; VI, “Social and Economic Life in the Izmail District (1689–1693)”; VII, “The Epigraphy and Cartography of Izmail (1702–1770)”; VIII, “The City and Defensive Works in the 1770s”; IX, “The First Bastion Fortress of the 1780s”; X, “The Assault on Izmail in December 1790”; XI, “Modernization of the Fortifications in the 1790s”; and XII, “Izmail in the 19th Century and the Dismantlement of the Fortress (1856)”.Parts I–IV concern the city’s history, from its foundation to the end of the sixteenth century. Particular attention is given to its founder—the wealthy Habeshi Mehmed-aga, an intellectual of Ethiopian origin and patron of artists and architects, in close contact with Sultan Murad III—and to the main buildings erected at his initiative: a shipyard, a castle, a mosque, and a caravanserai, as well as baths, an elementary school, and several shops.Parts V–VI describe Izmail’s population in the seventeenth century, when Bishop Philip Stanislavov visited it. At that time, the city was prevalently Orthodox. Almost 85 percent of its population was composed of Moldavians, Greeks, and Armenians, and only 15 percent were Tatars and Turks. Jewish and Catholic minorities completed the picture. Among Catholics, the presence of merchants from Ragusa (Dubrovnik) was noteworthy, as Monsignor Stanislavov observed. As in other settlements in the region, such as Kilia,4 the Turks lived in their own quarter, separate from the rest of the population.Part VII presents a remarkable set of Ottoman epigraphs and maps concerning Izmail and its district. Among them is a minutely detailed map showing cities and fortresses on the Lower Danube, with a representation of the Danube Delta as it was in the second half of the eighteenth century (p. 270, figure 159).The rest of the book (Parts VIII–XII) reconstructs the history of Izmail’s defensive works: from the first castle, destroyed during the seventeenth century, to the bastion fortress built by the Ottoman government in the 1780s; from a rearrangement of fortifications after Suvorov’s assault in 1790 to the dismantlement of the fortress in 1856, when Izmail was annexed to the principality of Moldavia as a result of the Crimean War.5With its precise historical reconstruction and the presentation of many previously unpublished sources, this book by Krasnozhon and Tütüncü is an indispensable tool for all scholars interested in the history, epigraphy, and cartography of the Lower Danube during the Ottoman period.

Pomnit' po-nashemu: Sotsrealisticheskii istorizm i blokada Leningrada by Voronina Tat'iana (review)

SEER, 98, 4, OCTOBER 2020 784 Alexander Vatlin’s Agents of Terror, ably translated by Seth Bernstein, shows howNKVDofficersintheMoscowsuburbofKuntsevoimplementedthedeadly massacre. Working under the pressure of daily quotas for interrogations and ‘socialist competitions’ between branches for the highest number of arrests, confessions, etc., agents resorted to extraordinary shortcuts. They wrote up ‘confessions’ even before meeting arrestees, then beat the latter until they signed. In the ‘family method’, officers saved time and effort by arresting entire families at once. Another device was ‘staff witnesses’, who regularly provided ‘evidence’ for multiple cases. Vatlin finds that the Kuntsevo NKVD cycled through three types of charges. From the summer of 1937 until early 1938 agents tended to charge arrestees with ‘counterrevolutionary agitation’. In the spring of 1938 NKVD chief Ezhov mandated ‘the spy turn’, as officers investigated suspects for links with foreign intelligence services. The spy turn overlapped with a final phase, the arrests of elderly citizens who had belonged to non-Bolshevik political parties during the revolutionary years. This came about simply because the NKVD ran out of other criteria for arrests. Vatlin’s book complements Harris’s in its emphasis on widening circles of fear. NKVD officers worked frantically in dread that they themselves might be arrested if they did not meet quotas; neighbours denounced neighbours out of terror that they might themselves be denounced. AgentsofTerrordoesnotquitedeliveronthepromiseofitssubtitle—‘Ordinary Men and Extraordinary Violence in Stalin’s Secret Police’. The investigation files on which it is based do not allow a detailed psychological portrait of perpetrators, of the sort that Hannah Arendt undertook of Adolf Eichmann. It is, however, the most detailed account of NKVD investigation procedures we are likely to see coming out of Russian archives for decades to come. Since its writing the Russian Federation has re-classified NKVD operational files. The only pre-war operational files now accessible are in Ukrainian archives. Department of History Matthew Lenoe University of Rochester Voronina, Tat´iana. Pomnit´ po-nashemu: Sotsrealisticheskii istorizm i blokada Leningrada. Biblioteka-zhurnala ‘neprikosnovennyi zapas’. Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, Moscow, 2018. 273 pp. Notes. R312.00. Tat´iana Voronina’s Pomnit´ po-nashemu brings new evidence and a fresh perspective to bear on how and why the master-narrative of the Leningrad Blockade has endured to shape public attitudes and political discourse in both the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Voronina has long been a scholar REVIEWS 785 of the Blockade and an authority on historical memory. She began recording oral histories with siege survivors in the early 2000s. Pomnit´ po-nashemu showcases her expertise in using such sources. She masterfully demonstrates how individual stories become enveloped in collectively-formulated concepts while remaining personally meaningful. Spanning the years 1941 to 2006, this remarkably succinct book uses a combination of historical, anthropological and literary methods to argue that the master-narrative or myth of the siege has its roots in Socialist Realism. This phenomenon began during the war years, when professional writers wellversed in Socialist-Realist aesthetics deliberately incorporated them into their novels, poems and articles. The post-war repression of Leningrad’s wartime leadership silenced discussions of the siege during the late 1940s and early 1950s, but when this moratorium lifted under Khrushchev’s Thaw, historians, politicians and survivors continued to recount the blockade by drawing — deliberately or unwittingly — on structural features and textual devices from Socialist Realism, which now seemed self-evident (p. 199). At the same time, the myth of the Blockade has not been static. Voronina demonstrates how it evolved, especially during the Thaw, perestroika and Soviet collapse. However, even as the political landscape shifted and censorship was lifted, the masternarrative endured. Voronina’sconceptualizationofSocialistRealismisbasedonthemorphology outlined by Katerina Clark in The Soviet Novel (Chicago, IL, 1981). Among the mode’s defining traits is the positive hero, who overcomes formidable obstacles to achieve a socially significant feat. The hero struggles, but his struggle is always meaningful and it proves his steadfast commitment to his mission. In Socialist-Realist accounts of the Blockade, the hero might be a soldier, party official, or civilian who willingly and ‘wholeheartedly’ sacrifices himself to defeat the besiegers (p. 160). Heroism — not trauma or victimization — comprises the core of historical memory about the siege. This explains why, Voronina...

Портал «Архіви Європи» та репрезентація України в європейському просторі оцифрованого культурного надбання

The purpose of research. The article updates for the fi rst time the information about the representation of Ukrainian archival institutions on European portals of representation of digital copies of cultural heritage. The research is based on archival documents, special literature and information messages from open sources (Internet media and offi cial web portals of Ukrainian and European authorities). The methodological basis is the general scientifi c principles of objectivity, systematics, historicism. In order to analyze the functioning of information resources of European documentary heritage, system-structural and comparative research methods were used. Research results. The problem of improper representation of Ukrainian archives in European digital cultural heritage projects is outlined. In particular, the basic principles of work, purpose of creation and practice of the sites «Europeana. eu» and «Archivesportaleurope.net» are described. There are described the process of creation and attempts to present on these portals the fi rst Ukrainian archival collections: «Trident – a symbol of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921» from the fonds of the Branch State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine and the collection «The Unique Documents of the National Archival Holdings» from the web portal of the State Archival Service of Ukraine. The importance of disseminating in the digital space documents with the image of the state emblem of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in order to inform the European environment about the longevity of state traditions of the Ukrainian people and the tradition of using state symbols. Prospects for further research. The State Archival Service of Ukraine intends to act as the offi cial representative of the web portal «Archives of Europe» in Ukraine and further provide advisory and methodological assistance to Ukrainian archives on the online placement of digitized archival documents. In the long run, this experience should be useful for all public and private archives of Ukraine and will help to ensure a dignifi ed representation of Ukraine in the European space of digitized cultural heritage.

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS OF INSURANCE FUND OF DOCUMENTATION OF UKRAINE

In accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On the Insurance Fund for Documentation of Ukraine» and the Regulation on the State Archival Service of Ukraine, one of the main tasks of the Archives of Ukraine is to coordinate and control the formation of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine, its conduct, retention and provision to users of copies of documents of the insurance fund of documentation necessary for putting into production, operation and repair of defense, mobilization and economic products, construction (restorations), emergency rescue and emergency recovery operations during emergency response and during a special period, as well as in the field of preservation of information about cultural property. The aim of the study is to establish uniform principles for the classification of documents of the insurance fund of documentation, information about which is entered in the State Register of documents of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine. The questions of the analysis of the procedure for maintaining the State Register of Documents of the Insurance Fund of Documentation of Ukraine, the study of the process formation the registration number of the document of the insurance fund of documentation, the analysis of classifiers state, departmental, sectoral and regional appointment and the development of the classifier of documents of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine are highlighted. The classifier of documents of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine is intended for use by subjects of the state system of the insurance fund of documentation during the creation, formation, maintenance and use of the insurance fund of documentation within the powers defined by the legislation of Ukraine.

STATUTE OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE CARE OF POOR JEWISH CHILDREN IN KOLOMYIA (1908): HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children in Kolomyia (1908) as a source for the history of this Society and the legal culture of the Jewish community in the eastern cities of Eastern Galicia in the early 20th century. The research methodology – principles of scientific, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal critique of sources. The research novelty is that the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children in Kolomyia (1908) was first published and analyzed as a historical and historical-legal source. The Conclusions. Thus, the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children, which was formed in Kolomyia in 1908, is supposed to have been concluded by the Jewish lawyer H. Landau. After approval by the Governor, the Society published its Statute, which consisted of 29 articles. This document is known to researchers, but has never been published or analyzed as a historical and legal source. It is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv. The Statute had a bifunctional purpose, as it regulated the activities of the Society and the “Okhoronka” formed by it. Articles of the Statute can be divided into three groups: 1) the purpose and material principles of the Society and the “Okhoronka”; 2) tasks, rights and responsibilities of the members of the Society and the “Okhoronka”; 3) structural-organizational and managerial aspects of activity of the Society and the “Okhoronka”. We consider the Statute to be an important historical source for the history of Jewish public organizations of charitable orientation in Eastern Galicia, the history of Kolomyia in the early 20th century, as well as the history of domestic legal thought. The document is published in the original language (Polish) in compliance with the necessary archaeographic requirements.

Creating Ukrainian youth academic community in the interwar Poland: sources, tasks, centers, activity

The purpose of the article is to show the process of creating Ukrainian youth academic community in the interwar Poland. It is analyzed sources of the Ukrainian youth emigration, tasks put before the students (as the main part of young emigrants), foundation and activity of their organizations. Methodology is based on the use of general historical research methods, namely: historical-comparative, typology and system analysis. The article is based on numerous archival documents of the Czech, Polish and Ukrainian archives and also includes wide range of historiography. The most important sources for investigation were periodical issues of Ukrainian youth organizations in Poland, Czechoslovak Republic and other European countries. It is also pointed out in the article peculiarities of academic centers and types of emigrant organizations, influence on to the Ukrainians in the interwar Europe. It is analyzed cooperation between Ukrainian, European and international youth movement.

THE STATUTE OF THE “VERKHOVYNA” SOCIETY IN STRYI (1932) AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE

The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze the statute of the “Verkhovyna” Society in Stryi (1932) as a source for the history of the mentioned society and legal culture of the Ukrainian public of the Eastern Halychyna County cities during the interwar period. The research methodology – principles of scientific, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal critique of sources. The research novelty is that the Statute of the “Verkhovyna” Society in Stryi (1932) was first published and analyzed as a historical and historical-legal source. The Conclusions. Thus, the Statute of the “Verkhovyna” Society in Stryi (1932) was drafted by a well-known Ukrainian lawyer Roman Dombchewski in early 1932. This document is known to researchers, but has never been published or analyzed as a historical source. It is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv and the State Archives of Lviv region. The Statute consists of 35 articles, which can be divided into four groups: 1) the purpose and tasks of the “Verkhovyna” Society, 2) the material bases of the functioning of the Society, 3) members of the Society and their tasks, rights and responsibilities, 4) structural and organizational and managerial aspects of the Society’s activities. We consider it an important historical source to the history of Ukrainian public organizations of cultural and educational orientation in Eastern Halychyna, the history of inter-war Stryi, the biography of Roman Dombchewski, as well as to the history of domestic legal thought. The document is published in the original language (Ukrainian) with the necessary archeographic requirements.

Sacred architecture in the area of historical Volhynia

This article discusses the genesis and historical development of the sacred complexes of historic Volhyn. Based on historical and architectural analysis, it is presented that sacred complexes of historic Volhynia were built according to the canons of temple architecture, and at the same time they have their own characteristics, related to national traditions and regional features which appeared as a result of the process of forming Christianity as a religion associated with national development in the specific study territory. The results of a comprehensive analysis of historical and archival documents found in the archives of Ukraine, Poland and Russia, as well as field research are presented. Results of system and theoretical research of significant retrospective analysis of canonical, historical and political prerequisites of sacral complexes were generalized. The concept of sacred complex structures throughout ХІ-ХІХ th centuries is suggested in correlation with the change of religious identity formation and differentiation according to religious requirements. Existence of autochthonous traditions and genuine vector of the Volhynia’s sacred complex development, considering the specific geopolitical location between East and West in the area where two different cultures collide with each other has been proved. The work is shifting statements concerning direct borrowing of architectural and stylistic components of architectural and planning structure and certain decorative elements.

Слідами «Білої Панни»: про одну сторінку діяльності Євгенії Ярошинської як перекладачки та її контекст

The article highlights the creative profile of the Ukrainian writer Yevhenia Yaroshyns’ka (1868–1904) as a translator. Literary science has not touched upon this topic yet. The only exception is her translations of the Czech writer and teacher Vilma Sokolova. Speaking about Y. Yaroshyns’ka’s interest to the literature of other nations, we state that it was organically connected with her great love for reading. That array was naturally dominated by German translations of the world literature. Joining this activity seemed tempting, because it was also a way to gain experience, to test her own strength and the opportunity to promote the problems of the Ukrainian reality. This is the main reason for Y. Yaroshynska’s appeal to create the German translation of Hryhoriy Machtet’s novel «The White Lady» based on the Ukrainian material. The article clarifies the life and activities of this Ukrainian and Russian writer and his connections with the Ukrainian socio-cultural environment, which also led to the autobiographical aspect of the story. The work is full of sympathy for the participants of the Polish uprising of 1863 and the desire for peaceful understanding between the Slavs. At the same time, it was based on a romantic collision. To obtain the permission to publish the translation, Y. Yaroshyns’ka addressed M. Pavlyk who asked in Moscow Nestor Yavorovs’kyi, apparently the Ukrainian student (from the circle of A. Kryms’kyi), who helped the writer to realize her idea. In the article the letters of N. Yavorovs’kyi and H. Machtet to Y. Yaroshyns’ka are published for the first time and their destiny is outlined. When they got to M. Pavlyk, he prepared them for publication, but they never saw the light. The further fate of the translation of «The White Lady» remained unknown. The article names the published examples of Y. Yaroshyns’ka’s translation activity (these are the translations from Bulgarian, Norwegian, Czech languages). The need for a more comprehensive study of this important and interesting topic is also required. The article touches upon the importance to intensify the efforts of scholars to master the body of archival documents related to Y. Yaroshyns’ka. They are stored mainly in the Department of Manuscripts and Textology of the Taras Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv and the V. Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library. Obviously, only in this way – having thoroughly studied the source base, knowing the author’s biography and her artistic heritage – we can hope for deeper understanding of the peculiarities of the development of her creative personality.

Революційна українська партія – мовою документа

The article describes the beginning of the activities of the Ukrainian Revolutionary Party and the charging document of the prosecutor of the court of justice, which is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv, is introduced into scientific use. It allows to concretize information about active party leaders, in particular P. Andrijewskyj, P. Steshenko, M. Popov, G. Kollard, I. Manzheley. It is stated that the first Ukrainian party, which was created in 1900, began its active work in 1902–1903, which attracted the attention of the Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order in Kharkiv. The document that is being published belongs to this period. It is noted that researchers have been studying the history and analysis of the activities of the first Ukrainian party since the 20s of the XX century, in particular, the most fundamental work belongs to the famous political and public figure, historian A. Germeise, who not only brought the history of the party to the reader, but also published 53 leaflets and proclamations of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party. The sources of private origin also contain a lot of valuable material on the activities of the Ukrainian Revolutionary Party. At the end of the 20th century, various collections of documents devoted to the Ukrainian independence movement were published. However, even today there are a large number of documents that are unfamiliar to a wide range of researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to introduce a document that additionally reflects the activities of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party at the beginning of the 20th century, into scientific use.

ГАСТРОНОМІЧНІ СЕКРЕТИ КОРОЛІВСЬКОГО КОМІСАРА ОЛЕКСАНДРА ГУСАРЖЕВСЬКОГО (1714–1782)

The concludes of the article is based on the research of the documents from the Central Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv, recipes for the preparation of various dishes belonging to the royal tax officer (shambelan) in the city of Gdansk, Alexander Gusarzhevsky. Active in public life, he left behind many documents stored in the archives of Gdansk and Krakow. However, the largest collection of documents stored in the Lviv archive. Chronologically, all the recipes attributed to the second half of the 18 century. All of the materials were first publication. These are four recipes for the preparation of several types of ice cream, gross roast – «pekelflajsz», traditional for Polish cuisine of pork sausage, description of the technology of making cherry juice. After the death of O. Husarzhevsky in 1782, part of his archive became the property of his granddaughter, Princess Eleonora Lyubomirska, and thus ended up in Lviv. All published recipes have applied to comparative, chronological, and prosopographic methods of analysis. It made it possible to trace their differences and similarities with the known analogs published in the French, Polish, Ukrainian cookbooks of the 16–20th centuries. Studied the problem of knowledge of the recipes and consumption of ice cream in city Lviv in the 16–18 centuries are considered. The results of the study are of considerable scientific and practical value and will be of use to anyone interested in the history of food, every day, or cultural anthropology. Their analysis, in comparison with similar documents published previously, allows us to improve our understanding of how gastronomic trends and influences spread between Western and Central-Eastern Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ ЩОДО ФАЛЬШИВОМОНЕТНИКІВ У РОСІЙСЬКІЙ ТА АВСТРО-УГОРСЬКІЙ ІМПЕРІЯХ У ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ ст

The article analyzes the main terms used by law enforcement investigators and editors of the old newspapers regarding to counterfeiters, the forged money, and the process of selling them. Evidence of lexis in relation to counterfeiting has been traced from the criminal cases stored in the state historical archives of Ukraine and Poland, as well as in newspapers periodicals of Ukrainian cities. Most of the sources used in the study are published for the first time. The counterfeiters in Russian empire were called «manufacturer», «counterfeiter», but in Austro-Hungarian – the «counterfeiter» and «deceiver». The process of falsification in the newspapers of Galicia was defined in relation to money, as «made», «fabricated», in the Russian Empire – «cooked», «fabricated» and others. Most often, the definition of a counterfeiter’s personality was referred to as «counterfeiter», «coin counterfeiter», «counterfeiter». The place of counterfeiting was positioned as a «mint», often with the note «secret» or «illegal». In most newspaper publications, organized gangs of counterfeiters were described as а «gang banditti». Linguistic tautology «counterfeiting of counterfeit coins» is oftenly applied to counterfeit manufacturers. In terms of paper money, the definition «paper» and «picture» were used. The Galician press often called the trial of counterfeiters a «massacre». In 1915 in Chernihiv the credit notes signed by cashier S. Brut because of misinformation about their fraud, the population became wary of exchanging such a money, calling it «Brut’s rubles». For flat metal engraved cliches to print counterfeit assignments and credit cards the term «boards» was used, and coin counterfeiting tools are referred to as «counterfeiting machines» or «weapon tools».

ВИШУКАНИЙ МЕЖИГІРСЬКИЙ ФАЯНС ІЗ КОЛЕКЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МУЗЕЮ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ

Мета роботи – здійснити комплексний аналіз однієї із найвагоміших і найцінніших колекцій межигірського фаянсу в Україні з фондів Національного музею історії України. Методологія дослідження базується на сукупності принципів наукової достовірності та всебічності, історичному, культурологічному і мистецтвознавчому підходах, а також на низці методів дослідження: аксіологічний вжито задля виявлення значущості, цінності окремих експонатів НМІУ, герменевтичний – для інтерпретації художніх якостей артефактів, кроскультурний – для осягнення зв’язків конкретних творів з певними особистостями, компаративний – для порівняння пам’яток з музейними предметами інших колекцій, мистецтвознавчий – задля проведення мистецтвознавчого аналізу виробів КМФФ зі збірки НМІУ. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у виявленні джерел надходження, специфіки комплектування означеної групи виробів у згаданій установі за архівними джерелами, осягненні їхньої цінності порівняно з подібними групами предметів у найбільших вітчизняних музейних збірках, а також проведенні аналогій з продукцією інших тонкокерамічних виробництв Європи 1800–1870-х рр. ХІХ ст. Висновки. Твори Києво-Межигірської фаянсової фабрики з колекції Національного музею історії України мають особливу цінність у контексті вивчення історії формотворення і декорування виробів українських національних брендів «білого золота». Завдяки здійсненню компаративних досліджень вдалося провести паралелі між значущими з історичної та художньої точок зору експонатами із продукції КММФ та відомими іноземними, насамперед англійськими та російськими торговими марками фаянсу ХІХ ст. Унаочнено різновиди найцінніших мистецьких напрацювань підприємства в галузі декору, уточнено їх датування відповідно до матеріалів щодо діяльності фабрики з Центрального державного історичного архіву України в Києві.

Oleksandr Tulchinsky – Unknown Collector from Kyiv

The aim of the article is to investigate the life and collecting experience of Oleksandr Tulchinsky, a collector from Kyiv, whose work remains unknown nowadays; to define the artistic value of the works that belong to his collection; his role and significance in the history of Ukrainian collections of the XX century. The methodology of the research. In the course of the scientific research such methods as historical and art analysis were implemented. The scientific novelty. The name of the collector from Kyiv, Oleksandr Tulchinsky was introduced for the first time into the scientific field of knowledge. The article is based on the archive data of Ukrainian Archives Museum of Literature and Arts, which hasn’t been published before and is of great historical and art value. The collection of the philanthropist, the migration of his works, his collaboration with artists and their heirs, as well as the museum establishments have been analyzed. Conclusions. The role of the private collection of paintings of Ukrainian art in the course of history of art is difficult to overestimate. In his own collection activity Ukrainian collector has managed to combine the esthetic and social principles with an excellent taste. The highly-estimated masterpieces from his private collection were often a part of permanent collections in Ukrainian museums and enriched the national cultural heritage. Tulchinsky’s collection, like other prominent Ukrainian collectors works of that period conserved certain phenomena, names and pieces of art which are equally important for the history of art and artists in particular.

Images of Jews in the minds of the Russian Administration and Society of the Front-line Zone during the First World War

The article analyzes generalized visions of the Jewish population that existed during 1914–1917 in the surrounding of Russian administration and among the general population of the temporarily occupied territories of Russian empire and of its western provinces. The source base of the study is presented by documents of the gendarme agency from the collections of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). They reveal the political mood of the population, rumors and statements that potentially can destabilize the situation in the region. The sources give the following generalized characteristics of the Jewish population: 1. Jews avoid military service and public works; 2. Jews massively sympathize to the enemy and gladly perceive his victories and defeats of the Russian army; 3. Jews spy in favor of Austria-Hungary; 4. During the war, the Jewish population significantly increased its wealth by raising prices for essential goods; 5. Jews gain excessive wealth in the game of exchange rates; 6. Jews in Galicia directly agitate for the return of the Austrian authorities; 7. Jews represent a community that is unsafe to provide civil rights, because it will automatically strike in the interests of the rest of the population; 8. Jews are often robbed during the war, but they deserve it; 9. The Jewish community is characterized by a special rejection of Nicholas II’s personal and royal family; 10. Jews massively spread anti-Russian rumors. The author concludes that most of the characteristics of the Jewish population reflect the attitude towards it as a “domestic enemy”. The Russian authorities, both in the front-line provinces and territories temporarily occupied during the war, actively contributed to the formation of such a negative image. This fully fitted into the policy of the tsarist government, which can be characterized as state anti-Semitism. Later, such actions were partly due to the pogromous activity of the local population against the Jews in the revolutionary purges of 1917-1921.