Integration Of Ukraine Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ МОРСЬКОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

International trade is influenced by many factors: the development and deepening of the labor international division and the production internationalization; trade growth and economic integration with the common markets formation, free trade zones; international trade liberalization, reduction of the level of protectionism and trade barriers. The very first form of international trade was sea trade, since one of the oldest modes of transport is sea transport, which still retains its primacy in cargo transportation. Sea trade is a form of international economic relations, international trade in goods, the delivery of which is carried out using sea transport.The article examines the current state and trends in the maritime trade deve-lopment, identifies the main problems of the maritime industry and the risks that threaten the development of maritime trade in a pandemic, analyzes the prospects for the deve-lopment of trade with the participation of maritime transport in the world and in Ukraine.Trade tensions have triggered a restructuring of global maritime trade, as the search for alternative markets and suppliers has redirected flows from China to other markets, especially in Southeast Asia. UNCTAD experts note that the impact of COVID-19 on trade was most severe in the first half of 2020, when trade volumes fell by 15 %. But many countries never recovered by the end of the year. On the other hand, some states were able to successfully withstand new challenges and achieved an increase in their share in the world market, displacing from it the least competitive suppliers, which suffered as a result of reduced demand. The analysis showed that the structure of Ukraine's maritime trade was quite resistant to the emergence of coronavirus. And the significant share of agricultural products in production and exports is a confirmation of this fact. For the development of Ukraine's maritime trade and integration into the world economic system, it is necessary to develop and implement the capabilities of the national maritime economic complex, to protect the interests of Ukraine as a maritime power in the foreign policy and foreign economic spheres.Keywords: maritime trade, COVID-19 pandemic, export, import, maritime policy.

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW OF UKRAINE

The article considers the place of the principles of good governance in the system of principles of administrative law of Ukraine. Renewal of the public purpose of administrative law requires modernization of views on its key categories. In the European political and legal space, centuriesold political and legal culture, social values, and the ability to understand each other for the common good have created the conditions for the formation of certain general principles of administrative law. With the development of the public service component of public administration, strengthening judicial control over public administration, Ukraine's integration into the European political, legal and cultural space, the concept of good governance becomes especially relevant. Good governance covers a relatively wide range of public activities, from forecasting and making policy decisions based on the interests of society to their implementation using the necessary material, financial, informational, human and other resources. Governance can be considered appropriate when it provides the conditions for sustainable development. Sustainable development meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The principles of good governance include participation in decision-making and appropriate response, openness and transparency, integrity and ethical conduct, efficiency, competence and capacity. They also include innovation and openness to change, sustainability and long-term focus, sound financial management. Important elements of good governance are respect for human rights and cultural diversity, social cohesion, and accountability. The implementation of the principles of good governance in administrative law is aimed at ensuring the development of a society with respect for human rights through the functioning of a transparent, competent and accountable public administration as an important element of the public authority system.

EU and Russian Foreign Policy in the Arctic as a Factor in Shaping Ukraine's Strategy in the Earth's Polar Regions

The geopolitical importance of the Arctic has been growing in recent decades as leading global and regional nations seek to implement new strategic and economic opportunities. This study analyses the content of strategic policy documents that define the principles of foreign policy in the Arctic region of the two main actors in world politics on the Eurasian continent – the European Union and the Russian Federation – who have different strategic visions of the region, as well as the activities of Ukraine in the polar regions. The paper demonstrates that the principles of EU foreign policy in the region are aimed at protecting the rights of citizens of the Arctic EU Member States, balanced development of the region with a clear imperative for environmental protection and research to this end. In turn, Russia's policy in the Arctic has a clear military-strategic priority, especially since 2014, subsequent to the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula and the occupation of eastern Ukraine. Considering this, further tasks of Ukraine's foreign policy in the Arctic region should be to make full use of Ukraine's integration potential into the European Research Area and to join the European Green Course as an ambitious EU integration project. Furthermore, foreign policy should also include the development, maintenance, and strengthening of all available international legal mechanisms and instruments to counter the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine, which is fully in line with Ukraine's recently approved Foreign Policy Strategy

ПОНЯТТЯ Й ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ

The article is devoted to topical issues of managing the competitiveness of enterprises in the service sector. The active development of the service sector exacerbates competition at all its levels, requires enterprises interested in increasing the efficiency of their activities, ensuring a certain competitiveness, forming and developing competitive advantages, taking into account modern trends in management, technology and organization. Ukraine's integration into the global economic space leads to increased competition, changes in the competitive environment, a significant increase in foreign service providers, as well as the intellectualization of this segment of the market economy. The tougher competition necessitates purposeful activities to manage the competitiveness of enterprises in the service sector, using international and domestic experience and scientific developments. The practice of modern business development proves that without an effective competitiveness management system, it is impossible to ensure the success of an enterprise in its struggle for survival, achieving leading market positions and ensuring long-term effective functioning in a dynamic competitive environment. This determines the relevance of the problem of mastering and creative use of the modern world theory of enterprise competitiveness management, its organizational and methodological support and practical tools. The problem of managing the competitiveness of an enterprise in the service sector is not fundamentally new for science, since competition has always been and is an immanent component of the economic life of all countries of the market economic system without exception. The growing urgency of these problems in states with a transitional economy, in particular in Ukraine, is primarily due to the complexity and ambiguity of the processes of the formation of market economic relations in them and those shifts occurring as a result of integration into world economic processes. In a competitive environment, any business entity must assess its level of competitiveness in order to function effectively and assess its future prospects.

RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH IN PUBLIC REGULATION OF MAN-MADE SAFETY OF UKRAINE

Implementation on the territory of Ukraine of modern principles of regulation in the field of man-made and natural safety is carried out at a slow pace. The introduction of European standards of safe living, which is one of the requirements of Ukraine's integration into the EU, is possible subject to the implementation of conceptual and methodological innovations and institutional transformations. Unfortunately, over time, the conceptual principles of risk management today, without losing their relevance, are insufficiently implemented in the practice of governing bodies of the Unified State Civil Protection System. In addition, the need to move from public management of man-made safety to public regulation, as determined by the processes of deregulation in the state poses a scientific problem finding practical ways to implement a risk-oriented approach to the practice of government at all levels. The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of application in state regulation of man-made safety risk-oriented approach and its content. Risk-oriented approach (ROP) to any activity. assumes that any dangers (in the sphere of production, in everyday life and everyday life), despite their diversity, have the same nature of occurrence and the same logic of events. The main tasks of the ROP are to create a scientific basis for ensuring the reliability of complex technical systems for human safety and the environment, to develop methods for assessing the degree of danger of industrial facilities and the scientific basis of the concept of acceptable risk. The main instruments of public regulation in the field of risk management are state standardization, certification, state expertise, state supervision and control, licensing, economic regulation, declaration of facility safety and insurance. The main processes of state regulation of man-made safety on the basis of a risk-oriented approach are monitoring of emergencies, identification and certification of the risk of their occurrence, minimization of their impact or consequences (in case of catastrophic development of the situation). The risk assessment should be based on the technical concept of assessing the probability of their occurrence. Areas of further research are to determine the strategic directions of publik regulation of man-made safety based on the application of risk-oriented approach, development of proposals for the practical establishment of emergency monitoring centers.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ НА РОЗВИТОК ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The paper proposes a scientific approach to determining the impact of globalization processes on the development of Ukraine’s economy based on the analysis of the dynamics and modeling of indicators of the degree of integration of Ukraine’s economy into the system of world economic relations. Globalization is seen as a modern trend in the world economy as a system of interconnected and interdependent economic entities, among which a significant place is occupied by countries. The authors determine the degree of Ukraine's integration into the world economic space by its place in the ratings of globalization and economic openness. Analysis of the dynamics of the degree of integration of Ukraine's economy into the global economy is based on GDP, export and import quotas during 2006 – 2020. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors developed an econometric model for assessing the impact of factors on the globalization index of Ukraine, identified the most significant positive factors, namely the volume of exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP, GDP, the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP, the share of innovative exports export of goods and services of the country. The import quota and the corporate income tax rate have been identified as negative factors. Based on the results obtained during the modeling, the authors have developed and proposed a sequence of measures to increase the level of openness of Ukraine's economy in the context of its globalization. Perspective forms of globalization in the context of forming a new perspective of the international community on changing the vector of world economy - from globalization to regionalization and nationalization which have materialized in increasing the volume and diversification of the structure of international trade, intensification of international financial transactions, the emergence of transnational business, a sharp increase in foreign direct investment and intensification of international labor migration.

The Prospects of Ukraine's Integration into Global Value Chains Within the Framework of European Integration

The Prospects of Ukraine's Integration into Global Value Chains Within the Framework of European Integration

Інноваційний розвиток в умовах комплементарності.

The peculiarities of innovative development in the interaction of economic and social components of the external and internal environment are studied on the basis of a complementary approach, namely the relationship between economic efficiency and social justice, their negative and positive impact on the quality of life and socio-economic development opportunities. As for complementary development, the idea of justice, which currently is an important factor in achieving European living standards and guaranteeing social-economic rights of a person and citizen, plays an important role in reforming all the spheres of public life, democratization of Ukrainian society, and providing Ukraine's integration into the European political and legal space. Complementarity research is becoming relevant at the present stage of global economic development, when the market situation is characterized by a fairly high rate of transformation, and innovation becomes the main competitive factor. The author considers the emergence of the complementarity concept in research works made in various areas (e.g., the concept of institutional complementarity), and also highlights the features of compensatory and supplemental complementarity. Unconditional following global examples without taking into account the state of real socio-economic and institutional structures in a certain state will not give a favourable result from implementing reforms and introducing innovations due to the lack of complementary connections. Therefore, the conditions for the emergence of new institutional changes and the impact of "social elevators" on social development in the long run are analyzed. The presence of complex unresolved problems in the development of our state actualizes the study of the complementary context of innovative development, aimed at rethinking the role of social justice in solving major economic problems. Due to a complementary approach, the economic system will be able to increase such features as adaptability and continuity by developing mechanisms of self-preservation, and will acquire systematic innovative development with a ripple effect.

SOCIAL DOMINANTS AS A CORE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES ON AN INNOVATIVE BASIS (synergetic aspect)

In recent years, state policy has been aimed at accelerating Ukraine's integration into the European community, which provides for the improvement of social security. This should be facilitated by the active introduction of innovations. Market transformation of the economy requires solving a set of problems associated with the development of territorial communities. World experience shows that at present the main factor of economic growth is social dominants and the intellectual potential of the population. The article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development of social dominants as the core of the formation of territorial communities. With the help of these dominants, objective reasons are created and the possibilities for the formation of intellectual potential are determined. The main trends in the development of social dominants are analyzed, the assessment of the current state of the processes of social development on an innovative basis in the context of ensuring social cohesion of society is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the issues of using the resources of territorial communities. It is noted that a synergistic approach plays an important role, in particular when using human resources, determining their life trajectory, formed on a socio-innovative basis. The study revealed that social innovations become real if they are secured by investments, have a purposeful character, and acquire such forms of implementation as social projects and social reforms. It is emphasized that the specificity of innovation lies in the fact that it is not any purposeful change, but only one whose subject content is a practical innovation created as a response to human needs, after which it acquires maximum distribution until this need is completely saturated. Social innovations, as noted in the study, contribute to: the revival and enhancement of social and cultural values; ensuring social transformations of society; growth of labor potential; improving the quality of educational, medical, cultural and other services; and in general bring domestic social standards closer to the corresponding standards of developed European countries. Considerable attention is paid to the issues of enhancing socio-innovative activity. The authors note that the latter is achieved when it is based on solid knowledge. Therefore, the work pays great attention to the education system, including the provision of socio-innovative development of united territorial communities, which contributes to the formation of prerequisites for the innovative development of the country's economy and contributes to the development of a competitive economy as a whole. At the same time, the educational sphere itself must move to an innovative path of development, and this, in turn, needs to update the curricula, adapted to the realities of the modern period of the world and domestic economy. The article provides substantiated ways to improve the education system aimed at training competitive specialists. Also, the main directions of improving the image of knowledge, organizational and economic development of territorial communities have been developed.

ОГЛЯД КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ ТА У СВІТІ

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a much broader concept than just enterprises, and additionally include individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed. SMEs in a broad sense are precisely the sector that is seen in the EU and around the world as a key component of national security and a key element of employment. SMEs is a guarantee social stability and are an important element of innovative development and, accordingly, significantly affect the success of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of SME development in Ukraine is generally proportional to the state of SME development in the EU, but the regulatory conditions for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises still do not fully meet the requirements and standards that should ensure economic growth. Therefore, in Ukraine the process of accumulation and understanding of the world experience of developed countries in the field of procedures for the formation of state policy on SMEs is becoming increasingly important. And the first stage of this process is the proper definition of the object of regulation - that is, the development of unambiguous terminology and criteries - which economic subjects belong to the group of micro, small and medium. The article considers the stages of development of a modern classification of SMEs in Ukraine, presents the positive and negative components of this process. The process of bringing the classification of SMEs in Ukraine in line with European practice is analyzed. Peculiarities of SME classification in the context of formation of state support programs are considered. The expediency of adopting the classifier of economic activities (KVED:2010) in the form of the law of Ukraine has been studied (at this time - as normative act of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine). The article shows that in most developed countries the classification of SMEs is not completely universal for different policies (fiscal, support policy, export, etc.) - and even within one country, different classifiers of SMEs can be used. Therefore, the emphasis is not on the formal compliance of SMEs with certain criteria, but on a meaningful understanding of the qualitative and fundamental differences between micro and small and medium-sized businesses. And the definition that public policy towards micro, small and medium-sized businesses has qualitatively different goals and should use different public policy instruments.

Концепція регіонального науково-освітнього кластеру в умовах неоіндустріальної модернізації та смарт-спеціалізації Донбасу

The article is devoted to the analysis of preconditions and factors of neo-industrial modernization and smart specialization of the regions of Ukraine, in particular, the Donetsk region. The analysis of development of innovative cycles of economic conjuncture is carried out, the urgency of modernizations of transformations of economy in view of probable concentration of the sixth technological way on material (neoindustrial) manufacture is emphasized. A review of the digital transformation process in accordance with the DESI 2020 Index, as well as the results of research in the implementation of innovations in industrial enterprises, the need to strengthen the digital transformation of all spheres of life for the Donetsk region, taking into account recent changes in the regulatory framework (draft Law on Deoligarchization). It is stated that education, science and innovation are the drivers of modernization of the economy of any country, and in general, the driver of the formation of the infrastructural environment in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. The latest shifts of state accents towards innovative methods of education in Ukraine are considered, in particular, the innovative project "Presidential University" with a focus on a range of new and highly popular professions in the real sector of the economy. A detailed analysis of the benefits and risks of such a project and the entire scientific and educational field in general is provided. Emphasis is placed on the perception of the modern university as part of an industrial cluster that is threefold in its stakeholders: industrial enterprises, scientists and students. The need for comprehensive provision of such a trinity is indicated. The modern need for Ukraine's integration into the European educational space requires non-standard solutions, or the study of the most effective experience of the integrated education system in our country in the recent past. Effective recommendations for the implementation of integrated schemes of education-science-production, following the examples of the world's leading scientific institutions of the present and recent past (factories - universities). Modern examples of integrated educational and scientific institutions (DTEK Academy, Metinvest-Polytechnic University of Mariupol) are considered and analyzed, the need for a systematic and comprehensive approach is given given the priority of scientific and educational industries in the priorities of global industrial development. also, the use of existing capacity to solve specific problems in the region using smart specialization.

СИСТЕМА ЧИННИКІВ ВПЛИВУ НА ФОРМИ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article considers the following issues: to determine the system of factors influencing the forms of financing educational activities; to analyze the state and prospects of development of the educational cluster to facilitate access to funding for the implementation of state policy in the field of education at the local level. For effective educational activity in Ukraine it is necessary to be able to properly perform the functions of control over the financial, organizational, technical, methodological, information support of the development of the educational sphere by the authorized bodies. The sign of progressive transformations should be the creation of conditions to meet the needs of education, improving the system of mechanisms for state regulation of educational activities, intensifying cooperation between educational institutions and the private sector, as well as improving the quality of education and the use of educational technologies, tools and resources. and states. Educational activity of Ukraine needs qualitative changes for realization of administrative processes, in particular transformation of structure of local governments, their orientation on increase of level of competitiveness of all key links of region (territory). Ukraine's integration into the world educational space requires constant improvement of the national education system, search for effective ways to improve the quality of educational services, testing and implementation of innovative pedagogical systems, real equal access of all its citizens to quality education, modernization of education and its organization adequately to world trends and requirements. labor market, ensuring continuity of education and lifelong learning. As world experience shows, education and society are inseparable, which is a single system. And if the conditions and factors directly related to the formation of the individual, his cultural and spiritual and moral development are subject to reform and restoration, then the indispensable means of such development is education and everything connected with it. One of the most important directions of the country is the priority development of the educational sphere, for many countries it has been, is and remains a strategic point of growth, as it creates an effective, powerful investment resource – human potential. The state and prospects for the development of the educational cluster are analyzed to facilitate access to funding in the implementation of state policy in the field of education at the local level. The results of the development of control and stabilization financial mechanisms are summarized, with the help of which the state will take on some of the risks and demonstrate its own level of confidence in the effectiveness of using an open educational system, while leaving no room for abuse of state support. A mechanism for targeted control of the development of the infrastructure of the educational information space at the local level has been built. Educational policy is based on the relationship between the systems of state and public administration, thanks to their effective interaction, they contribute to the development of educational systems. Implementation, modernization and operation of educational research infrastructures; the formation of the committee; creation of financial support instruments for the participation of educational research infrastructures in international associations of educational research infrastructures.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ НА ИНОСТРАННОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article refers to the formation of students with a specialty "Architecture and Urban Planning" of the educational level "Bachelor, Master" of the ability to function as subjects of the international educational space, carrying out active intercultural communication as part of their professional and scientific activities. The Bologna Declaration formulated the main goals leading to the comparability and harmonization of national educational systems of higher education in Europe. Currently, due to the active process of Ukraine's integration into the common European educational space of particular significance foreign language training of highly qualified personnel in the system of undergraduate and graduate programs. Relevant for the introduction of training programs in a foreign language in specialized disciplines in non-linguistic universities into the educational process is the process of preparation and planning by teachers of classes in the relevant disciplines. It is necessary to identify priorities, taking into account the study of these disciplines in the framework of the basic methodology, defined by many years of experience. The article focuses on the features of teaching the main core discipline of a specialty of architectural design in a foreign language. In this case, a foreign language acts as a means of increasing professional competence and personal and professional development of both teachers and students. In order to achieve a high quality education comparable to European, it is necessary to actively introduce new teaching technologies. Innovative technologies of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university include a combination of traditional and intensive teaching methods, the development of a holistic system of teaching students how to speak language on professional topics, taking into account professional training, and the development of common assessment criteria. Without the synchronization and interconnection of the work of foreign language departments and disciplines in the profile of the training, it is impossible to master professional foreign language vocabulary, develop skills in all types of speech activity, and reading and translating texts in the specialty. Foreign language training in a specialized discipline contributes to the achievement of a number of goals: obtaining skills and competencies necessary for employment, the opportunity to participate in integration activities, developing a lifelong learning culture, countering social exclusion, and promoting an active citizenship.

КОНЦЕПТ «ПЕРФЕКЦІОНІЗМ» У СВІДОМОСТІ НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПЕРСОНАЛУ ВИЩОЇ ШКОЛИ

The investigation of teacher’s perfectionism is quite relevant due to the Ukrainian integration of higher education into the European educational space and the conversion to a new modernized model of higher education. These factors determine the desire to be better and promotes perfectionism. In the literature there is any generally accepted conceptual basis of perfectionism and therefore there is any distinct, universal term. Using the authors’ questionnaire, which included ending incomplete sentences and content analysis of the obtained results, the authors divide the respondents' answers into several groups: «Striving for ideal and perfection», «Belief that an ideal can and should be achieved», «The desire to perform every action perfectly», «The belief that the imperfect result of work cannot be acceptable», «Harmful desire for perfection», «The need of self-improvement», «A person’s tendency to set high standards for others and for itself», «Order and discipline».

КОНЦЕПТ «ПЕРФЕКЦІОНІЗМ» У СВІДОМОСТІ НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПЕРСОНАЛУ ВИЩОЇ ШКОЛИ

The investigation of teacher’s perfectionism is quite relevant due to the Ukrainian integration of higher education into the European educational space and the conversion to a new modernized model of higher education. These factors determine the desire to be better and promotes perfectionism. In the literature there is any generally accepted conceptual basis of perfectionism and therefore there is any distinct, universal term. Using the authors’ questionnaire, which included ending incomplete sentences and content analysis of the obtained results, the authors divide the respondents' answers into several groups: «Striving for ideal and perfection», «Belief that an ideal can and should be achieved», «The desire to perform every action perfectly», «The belief that the imperfect result of work cannot be acceptable», «Harmful desire for perfection», «The need of self-improvement», «A person’s tendency to set high standards for others and for itself», «Order and discipline».

The Contemporary Art Influence on the Architectonics of Printed Advertising Editions

Purpose of Research. The purpose of the research is to analyse the influence of contemporary art on the architecture of printed advertising publications as a factor in the development of visual messages with cultural principles of the world perception. Methodology. The methodology of the research is based on the use of a set of tools: axiological approach has allowed to establish patterns of formation, manifestation and development of printed advertising publications, elucidation of the content and value status of design in contemporary art, historical method has been used to establish chronological sequence of formation, formation and development of advertising design architecture. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty is to highlight the essence of the architecture of print advertising and the influence of contemporary art on the formation of visual communication. Conclusion. Thus, the authors have defined the communicativeness as the main feature of modern society, the issue of the influence of modern art on the architecture of printed publications. Today, visual messages (any product of graphic design, printed advertising) form stereotypes of behavior in various spheres of life. Works of design, as well as architectural, are close to the forms of modernist art, despite the fact that the design, related to the architectural sense of artistic activity, is separated from architecture and not identical to art. To theoretically substantiate this assumption, we can compare art and design at the level of their creative methods. In addition, art history should be reviewed with specific Ukrainian material, ranging from the peculiarities of the national visual and plastic speech to the peculiarities of Ukraine's integration into the world community in accordance with the Ukrainian mentality.

FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF EU LAW IN THE LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of law that determine the fundamentals of the EU functioning. The concepts of general principles of law, international principles of law as well as principles of EU law are distinguished. The principles of EU law are classified into international, democratic, economic, organizational, functional, sectoral. The study of the principles of EU law is important for Ukrainian science in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The results of the research will help the judiciary to integrate the principles of EU law into its case law. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court will play an important role in the integration of EU law into the national legal order. The following definition of the concept is proposed: the principles of EU law are the fundamental ideological principles of the EU legal system, which determine legal status of the EU as a subject of law and international relations; legal status of EU citizens; basic principles of organization and functioning of the EU; areas, limits and mechanisms for exercising the powers of the EU institutions; principles of legal regulation in the areas that fall within the competence of the EU. The principle of conferral is singled out as a fundamental functional principle from which other principles of EU law originate, namely: the principle of coherence of policies and actions; the principle of open EU cooperation with Member States; the principle of subsidiarity; the principle of proportionality; the principle of open cooperation between EU institutions; the principle of institutional balance. Their relationship and the mandatory nature of compliance are established. The operation of any of the institutions contrary to the principle of conferral or any of the principles named is a ground for appealing against such actions before the Court of Justice. According to Article 263 TFEU, the Court of Justice has the jurisdiction to review the legality of legislative acts, decisions or actions of the European Council, the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Central Bank, as well as bodies, offices and agencies intended to produce legal effects vis-à-vis third parties. The content of the functional principles of EU law is revealed and the order of their application by the Court of Justice of the EU is analyzed on the example of one of the decisions. The classification of principles of EU law on a source of their placement is offered. In the system of principles of EU law should also be distinguished: 1) the principles of law that follow from the provisions of international law (the principle of peaceful cooperation and the principles of the UN Charter); 2) the principles of law derived from the principles of market economy and social policy (the principle of economic, social, territorial unity of the Member States and solidarity between them); 3) the principles of law derived from democratic principles (principle of respect for human dignity, freedom, representative democracy, equality, rule of law, respect for human rights, including the rights of minorities). Therefore, in a general sense, the system of principles of EU law includes: international principles of law, general (democratic principles of law, economic principles, principles of EU law) (organizational, functional, sectoral). KEYWORDS Key words: general principles of law, principles of EU law, EU Court of Justice, the principle conferral, EU goals

The instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity

Relevance of research topic. In conditions of the high-level export-oriented national economy of Ukraine, the importance of foreign trade and monetary policy research including the development of currency regulation becomes especially relevant. The need for a system of currency regulation based on the principles of liberalization, which corresponds to both the general economic situation in Ukraine and global trends, requires special attention to studying the instruments of currency regulation. Analysis of recent research and publications. Among the most studied aspects of regulating currency relations should be noted: the theoretical fundamentals of international monetary and financial relations, state regulation of the economy, international regulation of monetary relations, liberalization of international monetary relations, the current state and prospects of development of currency regulation in Ukraine and the monetary and financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Due to the global challenges and the constant evolution of monetary and financial relations, as well as the modernization of the system of currency regulation in Ukraine, the peculiarities of formation and application of the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity require a more detailed study. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. To analyze the modern instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity and the peculiarities of their use in Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, statistical method, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper describes approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. Its place in the economic system of the state is considered. The system of instruments and levers of currency regulation of foreign economic activity is proposed based on direct and indirect regulation. The use of instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the modern conditions of currency regulation system liberalization is characterized. The field of application of results. Educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses “International Economics”, “Global Economics”, “Finance”). Conclusions according to the article. Analysis of the essence and approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity allows considering it as an instrument of currency policy and an integral part of foreign economic policy, state regulation of the economy, financial regulation of foreign economic activity. Indirect and direct currency regulations define its regulatory and control functions. Thereafter the exchange rate and currency transactions should be considered as the main instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The corresponding regulation levers are triggering the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The levers of currency transactions instrument are rules of trade in currency values, currency restrictions, rules of administrating the foreign exchange proceeds of business entities. The levers of the exchange rate instrument are exchange rate regimes, devaluation/revaluation, foreign exchange interventions, foreign exchange reserves diversification. A new currency regulation system that provides the significant liberalization of currency transactions and capital movements was launched in Ukraine in 2019. According to it the concept of foreign exchange control as a repressive mechanism will be removed from the legislation, and a system of currency supervision will be introduced instead. The priority of less discriminatory instruments of currency regulation is also defined. Thus, it can be argued that the considered instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity reflect the trends of Ukraine's integration into the world financial and economic system.

Parking places built-into the lower ground floors of public buildings and structures. Architectural-planning and functional-technological requirements

The rapid processes of global motorization, which Ukraine has not avoided, have a growing impact on various aspects of modern society, on the formation of a new urban environment and transport system. At the same time, to create favorable conditions for Ukraine's integration into the EU needs to address infrastructural issues: the systematic organization of facilities for storing cars in general in cities with the provision of their architecture- accessibility, versatility, economy, energy efficiency and more. First of all, this applies to the largest cities, where about 45% of the total urban population of the state live. An acute urban and transport problem is the problem associated with the allocation of areas for transport facilities: parking lots (garages), gas stations, service stations and other car service facilities. In the absence of free space, the cost of urban land increases. Based on this, there is an urgent need to develop modern methods and techniques that allow more efficient use of land resources. One of the possible methods of solving the problem of organizing parking lots is to build them into the lower floors of public buildings for various purposes. The generalization of foreign and domestic design and construction practices made it possible to determine that one of the first examples of built-in parking lots (garages) are two 60-storey residential and office centers in Chicago (USA) on the shores of Lake Michigan, called Marina City (1964). The construction of these centers gave impetus to the architectural and planning organization of buildings and structures for the rational solution of parking in the lower above-ground floors of residential buildings and public buildings and structures. The article summarizes foreign and domestic practice of designing and building such parking lots. It is determined that with a high density of buildings in Ukrainian cities, the method of embedding in the lower floors of public buildings and structures is developing. This reception will be in demand especially in the transition of vehicles to electric vehicles. At the same time, the analysis of domestic regulations on the placement of parking lots revealed the absence of provisions on the possibility of embedding them in the lower above-ground floors of public buildings and structures. However, in the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries and in the developed countries of the world, such provisions exist, which helps to increase the level of comfort of public services and allows rational and intensive use of the city. Based on the results of research and suggestions, it should be noted that the practice of design and construc- tion reveals the possibility of applying the existing requirements of current state building codes of Ukraine for underground garages, which should be extended and for car parks (garages) located on the lower above-ground floors of other buildings, in particular public buildings. This requires changes and additions to the current urban planning, typological and fire regulations, which are planned to be developed on the basis of this study.

DIVERSIFICATION OF TRADE-INTEGRATION RELATIONS OF UKRAINE

Introduction. In the open economy, the diversification of international trade and integration relations is one of the dominant factors in reducing the uncertainty of the external environment. The process of Ukraine's integration into the world economy intensified after the country's independence and was accompanied by numerous turbulences in the internal and external environment. The strategic task for Ukraine now is to develop and implement a balanced foreign economic strategy to create a competitive economy and justify measures to reduce its sensitivity to these adverse conditions by improving the mechanisms of foreign economic activity. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive assessment of the diversification of domestic trade-integration relations, taking into account the turbulence of the international economic space. Results. The main indicators of diversification of international trade and economic relations of Ukraine are analyzed, on the basis of which its key factors having a specific context and geographical character are singled out. The main problematic issues of development of domestic foreign trade in terms of external and internal factors are identified. The structure and dynamics of spatial and commodity diversification of trade and integration relations of Ukraine are considered. The main directions of increasing the export diversity of commodity flows are systematized and the tasks of expanding trade and economic ties and deepening the country's integration into the world economy are outlined. Conclusions. The degree of diversification of Ukraine's trade and integration relations is quite high and it is determined by the concentration of its efforts on creating favorable conditions for trade in EU markets. At the same time, there are numerous positive trends in the development of diversified trade and integration relations of Ukraine, which indicate the formation of a basis for further stimulation of exports of innovative and knowledge-intensive products and, consequently, greater competitiveness in world markets. Key words: diversification, world economy, international trade, international trade integration relations.