The aim of this research is to know how student understand causal of success and failure. Participants were 220 students from UIN Suska Riau (29,5% male and 70,5% female, ranged in age from 18-25 years old).The result of the research showed that the student’s understand of success is caused by effort (23,2%), motivation (21,8%), and ability (16,8%). While the failure is caused by ability (28,6%), strategy (22,7%), and social affiliation (15,9%). Viewed from percentage, causal of success more high on internal factor than failure, while the failure tend to external factor than internal. Based on the sex, male tend to see of success from ability, effort and motivation, while female tend to strategy, family and spiritual affiliation than male. In causal of failure, male more likely to see from parents, effort, spiritual affiliation and unlucky, whereas female from ability, social affiliation and strategy. In general, male and female understand of success and failure based on internal factor than external factor. Specially, for the failure, male more likely to external factor than female. The implications of these result are discussed in term socio-cultural value contexts in Indonesia.