Ubiquitous World Research Articles

Government Cybersurveillance and AI: A New Equation

There is a tension between state oversight and state intrusion into our personal lives. The analytical powers of artificial intelligence/machine learning and the pervasive data collection of the Internet of Things, the Smart City and all those personal devices we use together permit revelations as to our lives as never seen before. We must consider the impact of this on the relations between citizen and government in this new, ubiquitous world of government cybersurveillance and revelation.

Cité Industrielle 4.0: Zoning for the Latest Revolution

AbstractAlthough presenting a utopian vision of socialist urbanisation and placemaking, French architect‐urbanist Tony Garnier's proposed Cité Industrielle, conceived in the years around 1900, was responding to imperatives that were vastly different from our present‐day context. Guest‐Editor Jane Burry examines its potential as a beneficial predecessor that may have some important lessons for us in our virtual, synthetic, technologically ubiquitous world. Equally she also sounds a ‘dystopic alert’. There are always two sides to the urban coin.

Use of technology and social media in dementia care: Current and future directions.

As the population across the globe continues to dramatically increase, the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia will inevitably increase as well, placing increasing burden on families and health care systems. Technological advancements over the past decade provide potential benefit in not only relieving caregiver burden of caring for a loved one with dementia, but also enables individuals with dementia to age in place. Technological devices have served to improve functioning, tracking and mobility. Similarly, smartphones, tablets and the ubiquitous world wide web have facilitated the dissemination of health information to previously hard to reach populations largely through use of various social media platforms. In this review, we discuss the current and future uses of technology via devices and social media to promote healthy aging in individuals with dementia, and also limitations and challenges to consider in the future.

Like a Grinding Stone: How Crowdfunding Platforms Create, Perpetuate, and Value Health Inequities.

This article explores how inequities are reproduced by, and valued within, the increasingly ubiquitous world of medical crowdfunding. As patients use platforms like GoFundMe to solicit donations for health care, success stories inundate social media. But most crowdfunders experience steep odds and marginal benefits. Drawing on the problematic figure of the “black box” in health disparities research and technology studies, I offer ethnography as a tool for unpacking often inscrutable and complex pathways through which online platforms amplify inequities. By leveraging both online and traditional research strategies—a platform analysis and paired narratives of crowdfunders’ disparate experiences, drawn from open‐ended interviews—this article explores how inequities are created and experienced by users. The analysis highlights how inequities are simultaneously central to the functioning of this marketplace and occluded by its platform design. Consequently, crowdfunding is concealing health inequities while shifting public values about who is entitled to health care, and why.

Social Work, Disasters and Communities—Challenging the Boundaries of the Profession

Abstract Disasters caused by natural phenomena are ubiquitous world over in terms of their occurrence. Myths and folklore are testament to this. The transition of natural phenomena into ‘natural’ disasters occurs only when humans are introduced. ‘Natural’ disasters have a social gradient to them, which differs vastly across societies. Epistemologically, disasters have been the forte of technocrats with social workers at best remaining at the fringes. This article is based on an empirical study undertaken with two communities who live in the flood affected Brahmaputra valley. It reveals a gap in the knowledge of the local realities—social, political, geographical resulting in grand and ineffective policy making. The current policies have a large imprint of the colonial with little being done in terms of developing alternate, localised and participatory methods of flood management. It demonstrates how the community’s efforts transcend a spectrum of stages moving from prevention and adaption to mitigation. For the Brahmaputra floods, the reality is extremely tenuous. Hence, it is not feasible for one knowledge system to understand the whole reality. Rather it needs to be acknowledged that multiple knowledge systems exist, and social workers need to be stakeholders in this process of knowledge creation and building of resilient communities.

Context-Driven Granular Disclosure Control for Internet of Things Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a technology revolution transforming the current environment into a ubiquitous world, whereby everything that benefits from being connected will be connected. Despite the benefits, the privacy of these things becomes a great concern and therefore it is imperative to apply privacy preservation techniques to IoT data collection. One such technique is called data obfuscation in which data is deliberately modified to blur the sensitive information, while preserving the data utility. The current obfuscation techniques, however, focus on the privacy of published datasets shared with untrusted parties. The high connectivity and distributed nature of IoT, opens up the possibility of privacy compromise before obfuscation can take effect, and therefore privacy enforcement should be deployed at earlier stages. Additionally, classical privacy treatments are too restrictive for IoT, where coarser/finer data details should be revealed for different applications. Motivated by these challenges, we propose a framework for privacy preservation in IoT environments that is capable of multi-granular obfuscation by enforcing context-driven disclosure policies. Then, we customize our framework for a smart vehicle system and make use of data stream watermarking techniques to protect privacy at different stages of the data lifecycle. To address possible concerns about additional performance overhead, we show the burden to be very lightweight, thus validating the suitability of ubiquitous use of our framework for IoT settings.

Decentralized Iot Edge Nanoservice Architecture for Future Gadget-Free Computing

In the envisioned ubiquitous world, services will follow users as they move across smart surroundings. Services are instantiated to users through the environment, appearing and disappearing as they move, which reduces the need for personal communication devices such as smartphones or tablets. To facilitate this development, service architectures need to support virtualized, on-demand service composition based on the hardware and software resources available at the current user location. The technical context for this type of user interaction with digital services through smart surroundings is called Internet of Everything (IoE). Today's service architectures will be too inflexible in this highly decentralized and dynamic environment. Hence, in this article we propose a novel service model called nanoEdge, where nodes collaboratively provide needed functions for virtual services that need to be deployed locally due to performance, efficiency or reliability requirements, for example. The main contributions of this article are the nanoEdge conceptual model and its proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation to show that the model is feasible with regard to performance and resource-efficiency. The successful demonstration of PoC implementation exemplifies future IoE service scenarios with today's hardware components.

Internet of Drones (IoD): Threats, Vulnerability, and Security Perspectives

The development of the Internet of Drones (IoD) becomes vital because of a proliferation of dronebasedcivilian or military applications. The IoD based technological revolution upgrades the currentInternet environment into a more pervasive and ubiquitous world. IoD is capable of enhancing thestate-of-the-art for drones while leveraging services from the existing cellular networks. Irrespectiveto a vast domain and range of applications, IoD is vulnerable to malicious attacks over open-air radiospace. Due to increasing threats and attacks, there has been a lot of attention on deploying securitymeasures for IoD networks. In this paper, critical threats and vulnerabilities of IoD are presented.Moreover, taxonomy is created to classify attacks based on the threats and vulnerabilities associatedwith the networking of drone and their incorporation in the existing cellular setups. In addition, thisarticle summarizes the challenges and research directions to be followed for the security of IoD.

On-demand energy monitoring and response architecture in a ubiquitous world

Energy demand is increasing globally, and in consequence greenhouse-gas emissions from this sector are on the rise as well. This trend is set to continue, driven primarily by the economic growth an...

New technologies, the Infoworld, and the need for actionable knowledge

This article is about knowledge with power or else actionable knowledge. This kind of ability knowledge is often neglected in mainstream epistemology but its importance in today’s information society should not be underestimated. The central element here is the Infoworld, a ubiquitous world projected via the Internet. It is argued that information acquired via this world can be transformed into knowledge by means of logical inference. Knowledge acquisition is seen here as a continuous-time feedback process with its stability depending upon reliable information.

Toward a Lightweight Authentication and Authorization Framework for Smart Objects

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the current technology revolution that is intended to transform the current environment into a more pervasive and ubiquitous world. In this emerging ecosystem, the application of standard security technologies has to cope with the inherent nature of constrained physical devices, which are seamlessly integrated into the Internet infrastructure. This work proposes a set of lightweight authentication and authorization mechanisms in order to support smart objects during their life cycle. Furthermore, such mechanisms are framed within a proposed security framework, which is compliant with the Architectural Reference Model, recently presented by the EU FP7 IoT-A project. The resulting architecture is intended to provide a holistic security approach to be leveraged in the design of novel and lightweight security protocols for IoT constrained environments.

Towards Highly Transparent and Flexible Field Emission Displays Based on Low-Dimensional Nanocarbon

Transparency and flexibility are key words required for the devices of next generation. This is also the case for displays, for example, highly intelligent information displays for the upcoming ubiquitous world. To realize the transparent and flexible devices, nanocarbon, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and graphene, are promising. In the present talk, nanocarbon-based highly transparent and flexible displays will be dealt with. Field emission displays (FEDs) offer promising advantages such as high brightness, low power consumption, wider viewing angle, etc. Recently some groups have demonstrated the fabrication of nanocarbon based flexible (opaque) FEDs [1, 2]. The next step is the realization of transparency. To achieve this, we are tackling several approaches based on single-walled CNTs, ion-induced conical nanocarbons and their hybrid structures formed on transparent and flexible polymer substrates [3-8]. In addition, in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of graphene and CNT formation from amorphous carbon-based nanofibers by solid phase reaction during field emission process will be demonstrated [9].1. H. S. Sim, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 (2007) 143103-143105. 2. B-J. Yoon, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127 (2005) 8234-8235.3. P. Ghosh, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132 (2010) 4034-4035.4. D. Ghosh, et al., Chem. Commun., 47 (2011) 4980-4982.5. M. Tanemura and S. P. Lau: "Flexible Field Emitters: Carbon Nanofibers" in "Carbon Nanotube and Related Field Emitters: Fundamentals and Applications" Edited by Y. Saitoh, Wiley-VCH (Weinheim) (2010), Chapt. 15.6. D. Ghosh, et al., Phys. Status Solidi RRL 6 (2012) 303–305.7. D. Ghosh, et al., Phys. Status Solidi RRL 7 (2013) 1080–1083.8. P. Ghosh, et al., J. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13 (2013) 5767-5772.9. M. Zamri, M. Tanemura, et al., ASC Nano, 6 (2012) 9567-9573.

U-Button을 활용한 스마트 조명 제어시스템

Everything has been simplified and abbreviated. The stream of times can be found through the smart phones since the ubiquitous world has be mentioned by Mark Webber. Judging by the flow of times, it's easy to predict that it will be more developed in the future. There are several ways of the development and one of them is to click a button in everything. For this study, the MaKey of MIT MELIALAB shows the possibility. As applying the study of clicking a button in everything, this paper proposes the Smart Lighting Control System using the u-Button. For the actual implementation, u-Button Module with MICAz and various sensors, Actuator Node composed of ZigBeX and LED Module are produced.

Research on Ubiquitous Services in Film Achieve Management: a Case of National Palace Museum

Abstract “Ubiquitous” represents a concept which means ―God exists everywhere. At the era of information technology, by using all kinds of information products and networks, the word represents that the ubiquitous information ideal world can be realized. However, introducing new technology could also cause other issues because of the impractical lead-in plan. Therefore, we integrated the ubiquitous computing technology with the business process to improve system efficiencies by means if well-defined BPM. Through case study, we chose National Palace Museum as our target and analyzed the operating process using module standardized tools to evaluate the difference in performance after the implementation of ubiquitous application. We have identified the KPIs for introducing ubiquitous services into museum and verified that ubiquitous service has positive benefits.

Modeling and simulation techniques for future Internet ubiquitous world

Many experts foresee that an ever-increasing ubiquitous Internet world is emerging in the near future. Future Internet research and development threads have recently been gaining momentum all over the world and as such the international race to create a new generation Internet is in full swing: initiatives such as the Global Environment for Network Innovations – GENI (http://www.geni.net/), Asia Future Internet (http://www.asiafi.net/), Future Internet Forum Korea (http://fif.kr/), European Union Future Internet Assembly – FIA (http://www.future-Internet.eu/ home/future-Internet-assembly/madrid-dec-2008.html) are prime examples. In the Future Internet Ubiquitous World (FIUW), people and consumers would make extensive use of ubiquitous computing and communication, which is a post-desktop model of human–computer interaction. This model makes it possible for the information process to be thoroughly integrated into everyday objects, things, activities and infrastructures. This special issue aims to foster the dissemination of high-quality research in any new FIUW approach, method, theory, technique, or architecture, and to showcase the most recent developments and research in the FIUW field, as well as to enhance its state of the art. This issue invites original, high-quality papers that focus on theory, architectures, simulation modeling and analysis challenges faced by researchers seeking to develop new principles or gain greater insight into the design tradeoffs and performance limitations inherent to emerging and existing Internet technologies. This issue also seeks papers that emphasize either simulation methodology or application in the areas of information and service technology, networking and communications systems and infrastructure, including mobile computing systems and virtual network and service infrastructures. This special issue is aimed at soliciting research results on the following topics of interest (but this list is not exhaustive):

5-5 Ubiquitous World with High Speed Mobile Multimedia Wireless Network and Broadcasting

5-5 Ubiquitous World with High Speed Mobile Multimedia Wireless Network and Broadcasting

A geography lesson

As technology and commerce blur physical geography, the ubiquitous world map cannot adequately describe the intricacies of globalization. An associative geography denies familiar borders and brings...

Liquid Crystal Alignment Properties of Inorganic SiO2 Layers Prepared by Reactive Sputtering in Nitrogen-Argon Mixtures

According to the advent of ubiquitous world, the requirement for the mobile information devices with high display quality and compact device size is surprisingly increased. Among the diverse candidates for this mobile display system for mobile devices, Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) is the most competitive device due to the high aperture ratio and simple fabrication process. The inorganic liquid crystal (LC) alignment layers are widely used for LCoS devices because of the thermal and photochemical stability. In this work, the reactive sputtering was selected for the preparation method of inorganic LC alignment layers. The nitrogen (N2) gas had the effect on the deposition process of SiO2 and the surface morphology of SiO2 thin layers were affected by the N2 mixing ratio of sputtering gas. In addition, the LC alignment properties on SiO2 thin layer were also closely related with the N2 mixing ratio and other sputtering conditions. In the case of high RF power of reactive sputtering, the N2 mixing ratio has little effect on the LC alignment on SiO2 thin layers. However, in the case of low RF power of reactive sputtering, the LC alignment properties were enfeebled by increasing the N2 mixing ratio. This result might be attributed to the change of the surface morphology of inorganic SiO2 thin layers.

센서 네트워크를 위한 초경량 TCP/IPv6 프로토콜의 설계 및 구현

유비쿼터스 세상을 실현하기 위한 핵심 기술로 최근 무선 센서 네트워크에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 유비쿼터스 환경에서 요구되는 가장 근본적인 요구사항 중의 하나가 센서 네트워크와 인터넷의 상호동작임에도 불구하고, 대다수의 연구 결과들은 센서 네트워크 자체의 기술에만 집중되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 센서네트워크 노드를 IPv6 인터넷에 연결할 수 있게 하는 초경량 TCP/IPv6 프로파일을 설계하였다. 설계된 프로파일의 동작을 확인하기 위하여 TinyOS 상에 구현하고, 성능을 시험하였다. 성능 시험 결과는 본 논문의 초경량 TCP/IPv6의 전송률이 TinyOS의 컴포넌트를 이용한 전송률에 비해 크게 저하되지 않음을 나타내었다. As a core technology realizing ubiquitous world, recent researches are being concentrated to wireless sensor network. However, most research results were focused to the sensor network technology itself, even though interworking between the sensor network and Internet is also one of primitive requirements for ubiquitous world. In this paper, we design the tiny TCP/IPv6 profile which makes it possible to inter-connect the sensor network device to IPv6 based Internet. To confirm operation of the designed profile, we experimentally implemented and evaluated minimum TCP/IPv6 based on TinyOS. The evaluation result shows that throughput of our tiny TCP/IPv6 is almost same as that of TinyOS component.

원격검침을 위한 다기능 자바카드 설계 및 구현

원격지에 있는 전기, 가스, 수도 등의 검침기에서 유선 또는 무선으로 검침을 자동화하는 원격검침(AMR)에는 전력선통신 방식, 근거리무선통신 방식 등이 주로 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스시대의 필수 품목이 펠 자바카드를 활용하여 원격검침을 수행할 수 있는 원격검침자바카드(JCA: Java Card for AMR)를 설계 구현하였다. 본 논문의 원격검침자바카드(JCA)는 전력공급사에서 제공하는 표준 거래 절차를 준수하고 전력사용로그 및 정산 자료를 관리하며 다기능 신용카드(EMV) 기능이 충족되도록 설계되었다. 원격검침자바카드(JCA)는 오픈 플랫폼(open platform)의 다기능 스마트카드로 응용 애플릿의 후발급이 가능하므로 신용카드나 교통카드 기능과 함께 다른 제휴사의 응용을 탑재할 수 있다. 원격검침자바카드(JCA)는 다른 원격검침방식과 비교하여 원격검침 시스템 구축비용이 적을 뿐만 아니라 자바차드의 인증과 보안을 활용하여 선불 및 후불 정산 방식이 가능하고 제휴 사와의 연계 서비스로 다양한 부가서비스를 제공할 수 있다. AMR(Automatic Meter Reading), which means that it reads the meter of electricity, gas, or water, etc at a remote place automatically through wired or wireless communication, has been studied in terms of Power Line Communication method and Local Area Wireless Communication method, etc. In this paper, we designed and implemented JCA(Java Card for AMR) capable of AMR, which is based on java Card technology indispensable to the ubiquitous world. In this paper, JCA follows standard transactional procedures offered by power supply company and manages power usage log and billing data, and is designed in order to satisfy EMV multi-functional specifications. Because JCA is a multi-functional smart card capable of post-issuance applets as an open platform, it is installed into other applications of affiliated concerns as well as credit card and traffic card applications. Not only the proposed JCA is a low cost system, compared to other AMR systems, but is capable of paying rates in advance or later by applying authentication and security function of java Card. In addition the proposed JCA system can create value added services such as affiliated services with corporate alliance.