Ubiquitous Sensor Network Research Articles

Compatibility of the Active Inductance Double Resonance Quartz Oscillator with Q-MEMS Temperature Sensor

Low-frequency double-resonance quartz crystal oscillator circuit was developed with active inductance aiming the quick start-up in the intermittent operation on the sensor circuit and DC isolation using a Q-MEMS sensing crystal HTS-206. Allan standard deviation indicated 5 × 10–12, showing short range stability of the sensor circuit sufficient for the ubiquitous environmental sen sor network.

Visualization and Management Platform with Augmented Reality for Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently a ubiquitous sensor network which collects our environmental information gets increasingly popular, a visualization application is necessary for users to manage complicated wireless networks, however, these applications are developed individually for wireless communication standard or a type of wireless device. Therefore, users are forced to adopt and use the application individually according to the target of the wireless network. In this paper, we propose a visualization platform for wireless network environments using augmented reality technology, and evaluate the effectiveness of the platform. From the result of the evaluation, we have confirmed the proposed platform has availability for visualization and management of wireless networks.

Design of an Intelligent Streetlight System in USN

In this paper, we propose an intelligent streetlight system that has a complex sensor module of temperature, humidity, luminance and motion detection and controlled by the fuzzy logic based central monitoring system in order to get flexible and precise manipulation of the streetlight system in USN environment. The proposed streetlight system provides low power consumption and high efficiency by using sensed data from the complex sensor module, which were collected, processed, and analyzed by the fuzzy logic based central monitoring system. The performance of the proposed streetlight system is to be evaluated by a simulation study in terms of power savings and safety at the fields constructed as a test-bed under several suggested scenarios. Finally, we know that the proposed intelligent streetlight system can maximize the energy savings efficiently with the fuzzy logic based central monitoring system and selective remote dimming control by connecting it to the wireless ubiquitous sensor network (USN) using a Zigbee module.

Spatiotemporal Routing Analysis for Emergency Response in Indoor Space

Geospatial research on emergency response in multi-level micro-spatial environments (e.g., multi-story buildings) that aims at understanding and analyzing human movements at the micro level has increased considerably since 9/11. Past research has shown that reducing the time rescuers needed to reach a disaster site within a building (e.g., a particular room) can have a significant impact on evacuation and rescue outcomes in this kind of disaster situations. With the purpose developing emergency response systems that are capable of using complex real-time geospatial information to generate fast-changing scenarios, this study develops a Spatiotemporal Optimal Route Algorithm (SORA) for guiding rescuers to move quickly from various entrances of a building to the disaster site (room) within the building. It identifies the optimal route and building evacuation bottlenecks within the network in real-time emergency situations. It is integrated with a Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) based tracking system in order to monitor dynamic geospatial entities, including the dynamic capacities and flow rates of hallways per time period. Because of the limited scope of this study, the simulated data were used to implement the SORA and evaluate its effectiveness for performing 3D topological analysis. The study shows that capabilities to take into account detailed dynamic geospatial data about emergency situations, including changes in evacuation status over time, are essential for emergency response systems.

A Study of the Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network based Entrance Control Management Systems on the Hazard Area

Abstract The cargo of ships and offshore structures is the number of oil of combustibility and volatile, oil processing cargo. Furthermore heavy cargo of the vehicle or container box or bulk cargo are occupied the remainder of cargo. In addition, there is a possibility to move the location of the cargo and the vessel because it is received periodic / non-periodic a load of wave and ocean current. Therefore a shipboard hazard is much greater than onshore industry hazard. Monitoring and preparation for safety are necessary things because there is always risk of accidents arise from the impact of the freight and cargo of ships and offshore structures. In this study, we conducted a study with respect to the introduction of the wireless sensor network monitoring system to ensure the safety of the crew and workers on shipboard Keywords :ubiquitous sensor network, wireless sensor network, shipboard safety, off-limits zone, industrial disaster † Corresponding author: Tel: +82-32-860-8848; E-mail: kyungho@inha.ac.krReceived October 24 2014; Revised December 1 2014Accepted December 10 2014Ⓒ2014 by Computational Structural Engineering Institute of KoreaThis is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Fig. 1 International energy consumption and trend and prospect

Micro electro-mechanical system piezoelectric cantilever array for a broadband vibration energy harvester.

Limited energy sources of ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs) such as fuel cells and batteries have grave drawbacks such as the need for replacements and re-charging owing to their short durability and environmental pollution. Energy harvesting which is converting environmental mechanical vibration into electrical energy has been researched with some piezoelectric materials and various cantilever designs to increase the efficiency of energy-harvesting devices. In this study, we focused on an energy-harvesting cantilever with a broadband vibration frequency. We fabricated a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) cantilever array with various Si proof masses on small beams (5.5 mm x 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm). We obtained broadband resonant frequencies ranging between 127 Hz and 136 Hz using a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process. In order to obtain broadband resonant characteristics, the cantilever array was comprised of six cantilevers with different resonant frequencies. We obtained an output power of about 2.461 μW at an acceleration of 0.23 g and a resistance of 4 kΩ. The measured bandwidth of the resonant frequency was approximately 9 Hz (127-136 Hz), which is about six times wider than the bandwidth of a single cantilever.

A New Method for Intelligent Message Network Management in Ubiquitous Sensor Networks

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) computing is a useful technology forautonomic integrating in different environments which can be available anywhere.Managing USN plays an important role on the availability of nodes and paths. Inorder to manage nodes there is a cyclic route starts from manager, passing nodes,and come back to manager as feedback. In this paper, a new, self-optimizing methodpresented for finding this cyclic path by combining epsilon greedy and geneticalgorithm and then it is compared with other well-known methods in terms of cost ofthe route they find and the power consumption. The results show that the route thatis found by our new method costs at least 53% less than other methods. However insome cases, it uses 32% more energy for finding the route which can be compensatein traversing the shorter route. The overall simulation results in prototype data showthe effectiveness of the proposed method.

UBIQUITOUS INDOOR GEOLOCATION: A CASE STUDY OF JEWELLERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Abstract. Addressing and geolocation for indoor environments are important fields of research in the recent years. The problem of finding location of objects in indoor spaces is proposed to solve in two ways. The first, is to assign coordinates to objects and second is to divide space into cells and detect the presence or absence of objects in each cell to track them. In this paper the second approach is discussed by using Radio Frequency Identification technology to identify and track high value objects in jewellery retail industry. In Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, the reactivity or proactivity of the environment are important issues. Reactive environments wait for a request to response to it. Instead, in proactive spaces, the environment acts in advance to deal with an expected action. In this research, a geo-sensor network containing RFID readers, tags, and antennas which continuously exchange radio frequency signal streams is proposed to manage and monitor jewellery galleries ubiquitously. The system is also equipped with a GIS representation which provides a more user-friendly system to manage a jewellery gallery.

Secured Data Aggregation Scheduling in Ubiquitous Quantum Sensor Networks

Secured Data Aggregation Scheduling in Ubiquitous sensor networks is a major research problem nowadays. Since the sensors communicate wirelessly, they are exposed to a high level of vulnerability from the intruders. Quantum key distribution is a technique that is used nowadays for providing security. Though the secure keys are used for short distances only, it offers many advantages over traditional methods in providing security. Quantum key distribution adopts many methods like entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. Reversible logic gates like CNOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin are proved to offer many advantages in quantum computing. Also a very little research is carried to provide security to the nodes in ubiquitous sensor networks using quantum cryptography so as to maximize the throughput and utilize the hardware resources effectively. Hence in this paper, we propose an intrusion detection policy for security to sensor nodes using quantum cryptography. The proposed protocol monitors the communication between sensor nodes and uses a simple policy to detect the malicious nodes. In our detection policy we adopted an EPR-pair allocation scheme in terms of the quantum gates like Toffoli and Feynman called SwapGate.

Secured Data Aggregation Scheduling in Ubiquitous Quantum Sensor Networks

Secured Data Aggregation Scheduling in Ubiquitous Quantum Sensor Networks

A ubiquitous sensor network platform for integrating smart devices into the semantic sensor web.

Ongoing Sensor Web developments make a growing amount of heterogeneous sensor data available to smart devices. This is generating an increasing demand for homogeneous mechanisms to access, publish and share real-world information. This paper discusses, first, an architectural solution based on Next Generation Networks: a pilot Telco Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) Platform that embeds several OGC® Sensor Web services. This platform has already been deployed in large scale projects. Second, the USN-Platform is extended to explore a first approach to Semantic Sensor Web principles and technologies, so that smart devices can access Sensor Web data, allowing them also to share richer (semantically interpreted) information. An experimental scenario is presented: a smart car that consumes and produces real-world information which is integrated into the Semantic Sensor Web through a Telco USN-Platform. Performance tests revealed that observation publishing times with our experimental system were well within limits compatible with the adequate operation of smart safety assistance systems in vehicles. On the other hand, response times for complex queries on large repositories may be inappropriate for rapid reaction needs.

Virtual Sender-based Message Logging for Large-scale Ubiquitous Sensor Network Systems

Sender-based message logging can considerably lower high failure-free overhead of receiver-based message logging resulting from synchronously logging each message into stable storage by using volatile memory of its sender as storage for logging. This beneficial feature can be obtained at the expense of extra communication costs required for allowing message senders to get receive sequence numbers of the messages from their receivers and confirm them with the receivers and slowness and complexity of recovery of each failed process coming from its obtaining message log from the corresponding senders. However, attempting to apply sender-based message logging into large-scale ubiquitous sensor networks requires reducing the number of messages passing on core networks during its message logging and recovery procedures. This paper presents a scalable virtual senderbased message logging algorithm to solve this problem by enabling the broker elected in a group of nodes as virtual sender to localize both of the logging and recovery procedures to a maximum. We show how this algorithm can guarantee the system consistency in case of sequential failures and perform better than the conventional one in terms of message overhead.

Ubiquitous Sensor Networks and Image Processing Based Environmental Monitoring System for Fire Safety

In recent years, since the tall buildings are getting increased and getting dense in the city area, those buildings can be more and more exposed to risks such as fire and natural disasters. In case if the high-rise building is on fire, it is not easy to put out the fire even with the modernization of the firefighting equipment. These risks can directly lead to human casualties so that it is necessary to quickly have an initial evacuation or initial suppression risks. In this paper, we propose the integrated method for reducing the fire risks through sensors such as temperature and humidity, ZigBee technology, camera control and image processing technologies, and real-time data transmission technology. Based on our proposed method, it is expected that our integrated system directly leads to the expansion of risk safety management system as well as the development of USN technologies.

Secure and Efficient User Authentication Scheme in Ubiquitous Wireless Sensor Networks

The user authentication scheme in ubiquitous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an important security mechanism that allows users to access sensors through wireless networks. Therefore, many user authentication schemes in ubiquitous WSNs have been proposed. However, many user authentication schemes are vulnerable to impersonation attacks, parallel session attacks, password guessing attacks, stolen smart card attacks, and so forth. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient user authentication scheme for use in ubiquitous WSNs. Our proposed scheme is secure against various attacks and provides mutual authentication and session key establishment. Furthermore, our proposed scheme is efficient at using the hash function and exclusive-OR operation.

Analysis and Improvement of a Robust User Authentication Framework for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks

As an infrastructure of the ubiquitous sensor networks, the wireless sensor network plays an important role in generation of multi-networks integrated system. And currently the wireless sensor network is not only being used to monitor and analyze information about the environment but also being used for more dynamic systems. The security system is one of standards for measuring whether a wireless sensor networks is an outstanding wireless sensor network. RUASN proposes a robust user authentication framework for wireless sensor networks, based on a two-factor concept. This proposed scheme possessed many advantages against major existing attacks and performed well at efficiency and low consumption. However, we have identified that the resistance of collusion attacks is weak. After analyzing, we proved that we can obtain the session key via controlling a compromised sensor node and using the collusion attack when a user wants to establish a session with a legal node. Therefore, to enhance the resistance of collusion attacks, we present two ways to solve the security drawbacks of RUASN scheme. One is to add a slight improvement into the RUASN scheme to enhance this scheme. Another is using the Hardware Security Module. After a simple analysis, we have proved that the improved scheme can resist the collusion attack.

Design and Implementation of Software-Based Simulator for Performance Evaluation of Transmission Protocol

We propose a method of software-based transmission protocol simulation for the establishment of ubiquitous infrastructure as a method of securing reliability of a ubiquitous sensor network (USN), which is an important element of ubiquitous infrastructure establishment. For this, we designed a transmission protocol network performance measurement simulator. The network simulator was simplified and, thus, could be used for all types of protocol tests. It enabled transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) transmission and reception regardless of the number of times of transmission and reception. In addition, we implemented an independent network simulator on a platform that enabled transmission at predetermined intervals according to the number of times of transmission and provided the function of randomly transmitting a defined message.

Survey of Context Information Fusion for Sensor Networks Based Ubiquitous Systems

Sensor Networks produce a large amount of data. According to the needs this data requires to be processed, delivered and accessed. This processed data when made available with the physical device location, user preferences, time constraints; generically called as context-awareness; is widely referred to as the core function for ubiquitous systems. To our best knowledge there is lack of analysis of context information fusion for ubiquitous sensor networks. Adopting appropriate information fusion techniques can help in screening noisy measurements, control data in the network and take necessary inferences that can help in contextual computing. In this paper we try and explore different context information fusion techniques by comparing a large number of solutions, their methods, architectures and models.

Design of Time Synchronization Protocol based on Master-Slave Topology for Heterogeneous USN

In this paper, we propose a specific time synchronization protocol called MSTSP (Master Slave Time Synchronization Protocol). We designed MSTSP based on the master-slave topology in order to synchronize the time of the heterogeneous sensor nodes. Heterogeneous sensor networks can be used in various risk-associated areas. Time synchronization among the heterogeneous sensor nodes is essential in Ubiquitous Sensor Network systems. In MSTSP, the time-sync master nodes can always be synchronized with the Sink Node of USN, because the sensor nodes which are homogeneous with the Sink Node become time-sync master nodes. And other sensor nodes which differ from the Sink Node must be time-sync slave nodes, which need to belong to one of the specific master nodes. The time-sync master nodes then enable time-sync slave nodes to be synchronized with the sleep periods. The proposed MSTSP is also useful for power saving by maintaining maximum sleep time.

Home Appliance Management System for Monitoring Digitized Devices Using Cloud Computing Technology in Ubiquitous Sensor Network Environment

The number of service techniques available for digitized home appliances is rapidly increasing as a result of various advances in digital technology. Users can now easily control and monitor home appliances via sensor networks formed among home appliances in ubiquitous environments. However, home appliances generate such large amounts of metadata about their status every month that in order to provide home appliance monitoring services to users, an approach that is able to store, analyze, and process these large amounts of metadata is needed. We propose a system that uses UPnP to collect metadata from home appliances and cloud computing technology to store and process the metadata collected from ubiquitous sensor network environments. Our proposed system utilizes a home gateway and is designed and implemented using UPnP technology to search for and collect device features and service information. It also provides a function for transmitting the metadata from the home appliances to a cloud-based data server that uses Hadoop-based technology to store and process the metadata collected by a home appliance monitoring service.

USN 멀티플랫폼을 위한 노드 소프트웨어 개발을 지원하는 속성 설계 기법

USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) 응용 소프트웨어는 다양한 대상 운영체제의 핵심모듈들을 기반으로, 다양한 종류의 센서 노드들을 유기적으로 제어하는 복잡한 특징을 가진다. 이에 따라, 현재 USN 응용 분야에서는 효율적으로 소프트웨어를 개발하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 센서 네트워크 환경에서 하나의 모델로 부터 여러 플랫폼에 맞는 노드 소프트웨어를 효율적으로 개발하기 위한 속성 기반 개발을 지원하는 속성 설계 기법을 제시한다. 제시된 기법에서는 Platform Independent Model과 Platform Specific Model을 만들기 위한 속성을 설계하는 방법을 기술한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 기법을 사용하면, 속성 값의 선택을 통하여 멀티 플랫폼을 위한 노드 소프트웨어를 손쉽게 디자인함으로써 소프트웨어 개발 생산성은 증대된다. 또한 운영체제의 변화에 따라 속성 변경을 통하여 노드 소프트웨어를 쉽게 재생성할 수 있으므로, 소프트웨어의 유지보수성이 향상된다. USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) application software has a characteristic that it controls a variety of sensor nodes based on the various target operating systems. Accordingly, many researches for efficient development of USN application software are being performed. In this paper, the attributes design technique to support attribute-based development of USN node software for multi-platform is proposed. In the proposed technique, the method to design attributes for modeling Platform Independent Model and Platform Specific Model is presented. When using the proposed technique, productivity of software development will be increased because node software design for multi-platform is easily performed by selecting values of attributes. Also, maintainability of software will be increased because node software is easily regenerated by changing attributes according to the changes of operating systems.