Typological Classification Research Articles

The Role of Bishop Sofron Mudryi in Shaping the Exposition of the History of the Church in Galicia at the Museum of the History of Halych

The article explores the history of the origin of objects of Christian worship and personal piety of Bishop Sofron the Wise of Ivano-Frankivsk, the essence of their functional purpose, the material from which they are made, artistic features, the nature of iconographic images on them, and their symbolic meaning. A typological classification and systematization of the items kept in the exposition of the Department of Church History in Galicia is made.

Building typology classification using convolutional neural networks utilizing multiple ground-level image process for city-scale rapid seismic vulnerability assessment

Several studies have focused on generating seismic vulnerability maps for earthquake-prone areas, particularly in Indonesia. Building typologies are a key factor in determining vulnerability to earthquakes. However, conducting large-scale field surveys to determine the spatial distribution of building typologies in a city is uneconomical. This paper explores the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically detect building typologies from diverse regions in Indonesia, utilizing both conventional and automated building image acquisition processes. In this study, datasets from three distinct image acquisition methods are trained with four unique CNN architectures to identify the best-performing model to classify building typologies. The sample size effect on CNN performance is also investigated. The results showed that randomly sampled Google Street View (GSV) images are the most effective dataset for the CNN model, achieving an f1-score of 84.33%. Among the network architectures tested, MobileNet demonstrated superior performance on the majority of evaluated datasets. As the sample size increases by about 350% in the dataset, there is a positive correlation with up to 2.3% f1-score improvement. Using the best-performing CNN model, two building vulnerability models were employed to assess the spatial distribution of building damage in the urban area of Bandung, considering a hypothetical scenario of an M7 earthquake. Incorporating local construction data, one of the generated maps estimated that approximately 55% of buildings in Bandung would experience moderate to severe structural damage. This study showcases the potential of CNN models in automating regional seismic assessments and providing valuable insights for comprehensive seismic mitigation strategies.

Assessing the utility of 3D modeling with photogrammetry in assigned sex estimation from the greater sciatic notch

Assigned sex estimation via the greater sciatic notch (GSN) is traditionally performed via physical/visual examination and ordinal scoring; however, this relies on the subjective assessment of morphology for typological classification which may not be reflective of human variation. Three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry may offer a technologically advanced, low cost, and more objective alternative to assess the complex curvature of anatomical landmarks. This research explores the accuracy of photogrammetry derived 3D models by comparing digital measurements to those obtained from the skeletal elements and to streamline the application of curvature analysis for the estimation of assigned sex from the GSN. This study utilizes the left and right os coxae from 15 skeletal individuals (5 females, 10 males) from the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. A Fujifilm X-Pro2 and Fujifilm 35 mm prime lens captured 123 images per element, which were processed in Meshroom by AliceVision® to create a 3D textured mesh. The mesh was exported into Blender for cleanup, scaling, measurement, and curvature analysis. The measurements were between 96.54 % and 99.94 % consistent across methods and observations. The consistency between digital metric observations increased by an average of 0.07 % when compared to the consistency of the dry bone measurements. Additionally, curvature analysis of the GSN correctly estimated the assigned sex of all os coxae in the sample. This study demonstrates that photogrammetry is an accurate and reliable method for the digitization of remains that enables analytical techniques to better capture skeletal variation compared to traditional methods.

Is the coupling and coordination of economic, social and environmental development crucial to the governance of relative poverty?

As the primary goal of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), poverty eradication is still one of the major challenges faced by countries around the world, and relative poverty is a comprehensive poverty pattern triggered by the superposition of economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Therefore, Therefore, this paper introduces the perspective of coupled coordination to consider the formation of relative poverty, constructs indicators in three major dimensions: economic, social, and environmental, proposes a fast and more accurate method of identifying relative poverty in a region by using machine learning, measures the degree of coupled coordination of China's relatively poor provinces using a coupled coordination model and analyzes the relationship with the level of relative poverty, and puts forward suggestions for poverty management on this basis using typology classification. The results of the study show that: 1) the fusion of data crawlers, remote sensing space, and other multi-source data to construct the dataset and propose a fast and efficient regional relative poverty identification method based on big data with low comprehensive cost and high identification accuracy of 0.914. 2) Currently, 70.83% of the economic-social-environmental systems of the relatively poor regions are in the dysfunctional type and are in a state of disordered development and malignant constraints. The regions showing coupling disorders are mainly clustered in the three southern prefectures of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, and Sichuan, and their spatial distribution is relatively concentrated. 3) The types of poverty and their coupled and coordinated development in each region show large spatial variability, requiring differentiated poverty eradication countermeasures tailored to local conditions to achieve sustainable regional economic-social-environmental development.

Temporary housing environments in urban areas – challenges and key findings for implementation

Cities are increasingly confronted with the need to provide shortterm and cost-efficient housing as several factors, such as natural disasters, migration due to political or climatic circumstances or other unpredictable events can result in a sudden and at times temporary need for additional housing. Providing affordable, and flexible but at the same time sustainable and re-useable housing concepts that are easy to construct and quickly to implement are thus requirements that cities must face. Currently there is limited research available in this field, as disaster architecture and temporary housing have not yet been widely researched in an interdisciplinary manner. The project “Urban pop-up housing environments and their potential as local innovation systems” has aimed at addressing this research gap by investigating in a highly interdisciplinary approach how and under which circumstances temporary housing solutions could be implemented under challenging framework conditions. The aim of the project was to systematically investigate and evaluate existing temporary housing options, and to develop and assess innovative and sustainable models for pop-up living systems in urban environments regarding resource uptake as well as social aspects, which may serve as incubators for urban innovation. From a technical perspective the models are focused on integrating aspects related to architecture, energy technologies, resources and materials, water as well as landscape design. Starting with a data pool of international examples, a classification and systematization of relevant typologies has been carried out in combination with user profiles for the different housing situations. On this basis, potential urban areas have been identified for selected scenarios and finally six theoretical temporary housing models have been created and subsequently assessed and analyzed in detail. The purpose of this paper is to present the key findings related to the scenarios and models, that have been developed within this basic research project and the methodologies that have been applied to assess them. The challenges of the scenarios and overall project results are summarized to provide an outline for potential implementation and future pilot projects.

The Ancient Egyptian Female Mummy-Cover of the 21st Dynasty in the Collection of the I.N. Kramskoy Voronezh Regional Art Museum

The article is a publication of an Ancient Egyptian anonymous mummy-cover of the Dynasty 21, kept in the collection of the I.N. Kramskoy Voronezh Regional Art Museum (Inv. no. 2 ДВ). This item is a part of the burial assemblage of a noble Egyptian woman, originating from the secret tomb of the Theban priests at Bab el-Gasus. Initially, the mummy-cover entered in the museum of the Yuryev (Tartu) Imperial University, where it ended up after the distribution of antiquities from the so-called “Russian lot” – a diplomatic gift from the Khedive Abbas II Hilmi. In fact, the mummy-cover had only twice become the subject of brief scholar publications: in the summary work of B.A. Turaev, dedicated to Egyptian antiquities in the collections of the Russian Empire (1899) and in the catalogue of Egyptian objects from museums of the former USSR, compiled by O.D. Berlev and S.I. Hodjash (1998). Thus, the relevance of the article is determined by the necessity for a new separate publication of the object, which would include along with its description the graphic reproduction and transliteration of inscriptions. The article is hence mainly devoted to the description and typological classification of the mummy-cover decoration and layout. According to O.D. Berlev, the mummy-cover should be considered as belonging to the Theban priestess Nesytaudjatakhet, whose inner and outer coffins were included in the “Russian lot” as well. Nevertheless, taking into account the recently identified archival documentation concerning the “Russian lot,” the attribution of the mummy-cover requires further investigation and additional verification.

Towards a typology of demonstrative verbs

Demonstratives have traditionally been recognized as a semantic category in which different members are classified as belonging to certain lexical or syntactic categories. Current research suggests there are at least 7 different distinct lexical categories: determiners, pronouns, adverbs, non-verbal predicators, verbs, adpositions, and articles. This study looks at one of the aforementioned category of demonstratives, demonstrative verbs, based on a sample of 101 languages with demonstrative verbs out of a total of 1182 languages examined. We present a typological classification of demonstrative verbs based on semantics, an exploration on the morphosyntactic properties of demonstrative verbs and their use in different pragmatic functions, and vast illustrative data in support of our analysis.

In the middle of nowhere. Unique sword scabbard chape from Niepołomice Forest

Detector recognition carried out in Lesser Poland in last few years deliver a wealth of movable historical artefacts. One of them is a sword scabbard chape made of a copper alloy discovered in the middle of Niepołomice Forest. The paper subjected this artefact to typological classifications, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characterization. Sword scabbard chapes in this type are very rare finds and most of them were discovered in southern and eastern Europe in Bulgaria, Ungarn and Ukraine, and are dated to the second half of the 10th and the 11th century. Specimen from Niepołomice Forest was presumably created in one of these areas and ended up here via one of the trade routes that intersected in Cracow.

Инструментарий для оценки значимых параметров школьной адаптации детей с задержкой психического развития на начальном этапе обучения

<p><strong>Relevance.</strong> The article deals with the problem of assessing the effectiveness of school adaptation of children with special needs in modern educational environment. The purpose of the study was to develop tools for assessing the quality of school adaptation of students with learning disabilities (LD)<strong>. Methods</strong>. The authors defined significant parameters of pupils' school adaptation and described their qualitative characteristics (markers), which were used to create questionnaires for teachers (school–based therapists) and parents. The questionnaire for parents includes 8 parameters, whereas the questionnaire for teachers includes 18 parameters arranged into 8 topic–specific blocks. Modern typological classification of children with learning disabilities (N.V. Babkina, I.A. Korobeynikov) was used as a <strong>methodological framework</strong> when developing the parameters. The <strong>results</strong> of testing the developed toolkit are presented, demonstrating its sensitivity to various manifestations of children mental disorders. Authors outline <strong>directions</strong> for future research, connected both with expanding notions of psychosocial development of pupils with LD, and specifying the content of the advisory activity of a school–based therapist with children and their families.</p>

Surprise from the East. A Quiver or Bowcase Loop from the Ancillary Settlement in Gdańsk

Archaeological explorations carried out between Tartaczna and Panieńska streets in Gdańsk has provided a wealth of movable historical artefacts. One of them is a quiver/bowcase loop made of antler. The article discusses typological classification, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characteristics of the artefact. Antler and iron elements of quivers and bowcases are very rare in Poland and all of them are considered to be elements of foreign culture: Rus’ or Hungarian.

Obsidian lithic technology: Chaîne opératoire and symbolic meaning in the Northern Hualfín Valley (Northwest Argentina) during the Late Inka period

The main objective of this research is to analyse the lithic technology applied to obsidian, a raw material popular amongst pre-Columbian populations from Northwestern Argentina (NWA) because of its social and symbolic value. The analysed assemblage comes from the archaeological site of Villavil 2 (VV2), located in the Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina) and distant ca. 100 - 200 kms from the nearest sources of this raw material. VV2 was discovered in 2015 by one of the authors and shows a particular presence of rock art which had not previously been registered in this area. The site was associated to the Late and Inka Period (ca. 10th - 16th centuries CE). So far, we suggest that this was a place of temporal, but periodical use that best fits with what we would call a ceremonial space.
 The assemblage comprises the totality of obsidian elements collected from both superficial and stratigraphic contexts. It was divided into three typological classes: tools (projectile points), flakes with natural sharp edges (FNSE) and waste products (WP). We did not identify the presence of cores. The analysis considered the following variables: knapping methods and techniques, size, amount of cortex, flake type and edge types.
 At VV2, points are the only retouched tools made of obsidian. They correspond to the triangular unstemmed concave-based type, very common during the Late-Inka Periods, and they were shaped using the perimetral bifacial pressure technique, possibly from flake blanks. FNSEs’ size is small, and they present scarce cortex. On the other hand, the abundance of very small-sized WPs is remarkable. They were found in the same stratigraphic context and attest a complete finish of the points (edge retouch).
 The results let us infer that the point-shaping tasks were carried out in situ. Moreover, the implemented technology involved both major production efforts and skills, that contrast with those involved in local raw material knapping. It is possible that this curated strategy was not related to the difficulty of accessing this allochthonous material. Instead, these choices could reflect social and symbolic meanings. According to linguistic and ethnohistoric information, the obsidian brightness and transparency are propitiatory to win the favour of the w'akas. Furthermore, in NWA the obsidian long-distance exchange is an ancient pre-Columbian tradition that lasted for a long time. Obtaining obsidian could display the ability of a social group to access distant resources and legitimize their political status. Nevertheless, we cannot forget that this raw material also was very important for making different artefacts for subsistence activities.

CONCEPTUAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODELS OF COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING

The material of the article is a continuation of the study of the methodology for classifying typologies of money laundering and terrorist financing risks in big data from a variety of data sources of organizational systems. The process of counteraction is investigated. Theoretically substantiated and synthesized functional and conceptual models of this process. When synthesizing a functional model of counteraction, the IDEF0 methodology was used. In the course of modeling, it was found that such counteraction models are distinguished by the need to verify the signs of illegal economic activity of organizational systems. When analyzing the conceptual model of the counteraction process, it was found that credit institutions are not interested in countering the risks of laundering proceeds from crime that arise in the course of their commercial activities. The conceptual model of the process of combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism showed the need for a partial structural reorganization of tis process and the system that implements it. It is necessary to carry out a structural reorganization of the national countermeasure system with the organization of access to a variety of new data sources that reveal the nature of the activities of controlled organizational systems, as well as to control credit institutions, to introduce a distributed countermeasure system, which consists of remotely controlled software algorithms. A typology of a separate risk of money laundering in credit organizations is synthesized as an example illustrating the lack of interest of these organizations in detecting risks in their commercial activities. The analysis of the reasons for the omission of this typology by various participants in the counteraction, discussed in the conceptual model, is carried out. It is concluded that there is a need for conceptual changes in the system of combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism, which will improve the completeness of the classification of typologies of individual risks.

Different typologies of neighborhood resources are associated with cognitive function

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood resources (NRes) such as libraries, grocery stores, and child/family centers may promote cognitive health via opportunities for cognitive stimulation and other health benefits. Resources are distributed differently across neighborhoods, but many studies examine effects of individual NRes on health outcomes. This study uses typologies of NRes and examines whether different types of NRes patterns contribute to Black‐White disparities in cognitive function.MethodThis cross‐sectional study of 462 non‐Hispanic Black and White older adults (Mage = 63.6; 53% Black) was drawn from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, a regionally‐representative, prospective longitudinal study of adults transitioning to late life in the Detroit metropolitan area. Participants’ current addresses were geocoded and linked to neighborhood data from the National Neighborhood Data Archive for the year 2017. First, a latent class analysis (LCA) using Mplus identified typological classes of NRes using fifteen indicators across all 2,813 census tracts in Michigan. Next, path analysis estimated associations among race, NRes class, and global cognition, operationalized as a composite of five factor scores (episodic memory, executive function, processing speed, language, visuospatial ability). Models adjusted for age, sex/gender, education, and population size.ResultLCA indicated three classes of NRes: low‐resourced (48%), well‐resourced (42%), and highly‐resourced (10%) neighborhoods. Black participants had lower cognitive health and were more likely to live in low‐resourced or highly‐resourced neighborhoods than White participants. White participants were more likely to live in well‐resourced neighborhoods than Black participants. Surprisingly, living in well‐resourced neighborhoods was associated with worse cognition, compared to living in low‐resourced neighborhoods, but this association was only found among Black participants (βBlack = ‐.181, βWhite = .008). Living in highly‐resourced neighborhoods was not associated with cognition, but only 4% of the sample lived in these neighborhoods.ConclusionParadoxical findings suggest additional work is needed to better disentangle the role of NRes in cognitive disparities. Findings may be driven by factors such as racial residential differences (i.e., home rental and homeownership) and/or access to resources within a neighborhood, as well as neighborhood social climate. This study adds to—and highlights the need for more comprehensive models in—research on neighborhoods and ADRD inequalities.

Dissection indices and their distribution over Mongolia

The main objective of this study was to create much more accurate maps of the ‘dissection depth’ and ‘dissection density’ in Mongolia, considering both the vertical and horizontal directions. To achieve this, two digital evetation models (DEMs) were used: the MERIT DEM with a spatial resolution of 90 meters and the ASTER DEM with a resolution of 30 meters. Some adjustments were made to rectify errors in relatively flat areas. The entire territory of Mongolia was selected as the study area, resulting in the creation of 2,865,000 grids with a resolution of 1 km. For each grid, the minimum and maximum values, as well as the length of dissection, were estimated. Finally, an interpolation method was used for mapping the depth and density of the dissection. The utilization of digital elevation models in the dissection map has exposed certain inaccuracies in flat areas. Consequently, the MERIT DEM has been selected as the favored alternative. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the disparities between the dissection depth map and the relative elevation map, as both play a vital role in comprehending and applying the concept of dissection depth. The maps of the dissection density and depth have proven to be highly valuable in the field of geomorphological and landscape research, as well as in the classification of origin groups and typological classification.

Are Most Polluted Regions Most Active in Energy Transition Processes? A Case Study of Polish Regions Acquiring EU Funds for Local Investments in Renewable Energy Sources

The primary aim of this study was to assess the investment activity of basic local government units in the development of renewable energy sources co-financed by EU funds depending on CO2 emissions and other socio-economic conditions in terms of regions of Poland in the years 2007–2020. Empirical studies aimed at the verification of the research hypothesis that “the greatest investment activity in local projects co-financed from EU funds related to the development of renewable energy sources is observed for local government units in regions with highest CO2 emissions”. Empirical studies were conducted based on data from the Ministry of Investment and Economic Development in Poland, the Local Data Bank, and the National Centre for Emissions Management. Thus, the conducted analyses provide both cognitive and applicatory values for the establishment of an appropriate energy transition policy in individual regions of Poland, which may be implemented by local government authorities within the current financial framework. Data concerning CO2 emissions at the regional level were estimated by applying the original disaggregation method as modified by the authors, which made it possible to fill the research gap resulting from the lack of data on emissions at the regional level. In order to show the regional diversification in investment activity of local government units in terms of renewable energy sources, its multi-faceted analysis was conducted by applying the Ward method. Clusters of regions with similar investment activity of local government units were described based on characteristics included in the typological classification (so-called active characteristics) and selected indexes showing CO2 emission levels, as well as selected socio-economic indexes (so-called passive characteristics). Based on the empirical studies, the research hypothesis presented in this paper was negatively verified. Considering both multiannual financial frameworks, the EU financial support for the development of renewable energy sources was used primarily by local government units of a predominantly agricultural character, and less advanced in terms of their development but exhibiting conditions conducive to renewable energy development.

Early or Middle Stone Age? The lithic assemblage of Capangombe – Santo António, Namibe Province (Angola)

Capangombe – Santo António is an open-air site located 596m a.s.l. at the foothill of Morro Santo António, Namibe Province (southwest Angola). The inselberg of Santo António is associated to the Chela escarpment developing from the Marginal Mountain range parallel to the Atlantic Ocean, separating the Angolan inland plateau from the coastal semi-arid to arid plain. A dissected valley formed by the Leba-Capangombe stream exposed a conglomerate with abundant stone tools assigned to the Early Stone Age (ESA). The site was discovered in 1966 by Miguel Ramos, who collected a total of 1776 lithic artifacts, and further published a small report about the assemblage in 1971. In this preliminary analysis, Ramos focused on cleavers using the “French school” typology for the “hachereaux” in Northern Africa and concluded that there are several morphotypes identified in Capangombe-Santo António with specific features, suggesting the occurrence of a local tradition for the Late ESA/Middle Stone Age (MSA). The study presented here is a new analysis of the lithic assemblage curated at the University of Lisbon, Portugal. A sample of 1017 artefacts was analyzed for this project applying an extended descriptive methodology to characterize lithic raw material procurement, reduction sequences and typological classes. The chrono-cultural model initially proposed for the site is revised thanks to recent advances in Stone Age studies.

Agro-ecological processes under conditions of biogeochemical imbalance of molybdenum in agrolandscapes of the Forest-Step zone

A special place in the theory and practice of landscape geochemistry belongs to biogeochemical zoning. Biogenic migration of substances and chemical elements can rightfully be considered one of the criteria for the typological classification of geochemical landscapes, which is the basis for building a map of geochemical landscapes of Ukraine. The scientific result of zoning is the recognition of spatial boundaries and areas of the territory consisting of connected components with uniform conditions of geochemical migration of chemical elements. With a long-term violation of the ratio between microelements, various diseases appear, which are called endemic, and the phenomenon itself — biogeochemical endemics. The latter most often occur due to a lack or excess of some threshold value of the concentration of microelements or a violation of the ratio of other micro­elements associated with it. On the basis of landscape-geochemical analysis and zoning, the authors defined the territory of the biogeochemical provinces of the Forest Steppe, where a lack of molybdenum content in the soil for normal plant development was found. In addition, the features of the molybdenum province are determined by low biogenic accumulation and intensive physicochemical dispersion of essential trace elements, increased mobility of most toxic trace elements in natural waters, and the absence of conditions for the formation of barriers of hydroamphoteric elements, including Mo2+. Also, in the territories of biogeochemical provinces, there is a high probability of the development of certain endemic phytopathologies and microelement diseases due to the imbalance of biogeochemical food chains.

A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Ogba Proverbs as Tools for Cohesion

Sociolinguistics means many things to different people. It is a field that studies the relationship between the users of language and the social structures in which they live. “A sociolinguistic analysis of Ogba proverbs” focuses on the study of Ogba proverbs, exploring the sociolinguistic aspects. Its aim is to explore and analyse Ogba proverbs from the sociolinguistic perspective in the context of English as a second language in Nigeria. This will go a long way to offer a sociolinguistic insight to the contributions of Ogba language, culture and way of life. The data for the study were collected orally through interviews of competent Ogba first language speakers and translated to the English language for analysis. The qualitative and descriptive research designs were adopted for the analysis. In all, twenty (20) proverbs were analysed using Dell Hyme’s Ethnography of Communication Theory as the major analytical framework with insights from Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. This is because of the relevance of Dell Hyme’s Speaking which accounts for such sociolinguistic variables as setting, scene, participants, act sequence, instrumentality and genre as is evidenced in the data, and how the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis allows this paper to relate its data to aspects of Ogba worldview and culture. This paper establishes that Ogba proverbs are relevant to both oral and written communications within and outside the Ogba environment. They are employed to embellish, spice and beautify oral and written communications commonly but proudly exploited in Ogba people’s interpersonal relations through conversations. On typology, Adedimeji’s (2003) typological classification is applied for the classification of the data into types. It was discovered that Speaking allows for the comprehensive understanding of the data for this paper which is as a result of its explicit and analytic potential, while Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis shows aspects of Ogba Culture that manifest in Ogba proverbs.

Disassembling Descola: Phenomenological Intersections in Onto-Typological Anthropology

Abstract One of the effects of the so-called ontological turn has been to take the other so seriously that radical difference has been conceptualized ontologically. This stance has given rise, in some authors, as Descola, to a typological classification. However, we would suggest the possibility of a non-onto-typological anthropology based on Marion’s phenomenology of givenness. With the phenomenology of givenness, from which phenomena are given to a gifted – and therefore secondary – subject, this new understanding of subject allows us to think of phenomena as significations much more than as representations and to replace the discontinuity of ontological categories with the continuity of hermeneutics.

ChatGPT는 합의적 평정의 동료가 될 수 있는가? - 질문 유형 분류에서 ChatGPT의 활용 -

ChatGPT는 합의적 평정의 동료가 될 수 있는가? - 질문 유형 분류에서 ChatGPT의 활용 -