Typical Situations Research Articles

Implementing and sustaining lean, buyer-supplier role, and COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the garment industry of Bangladesh

Purpose This study aims to explore the challenges in implementing and sustaining lean in garment supplier factories and the buyer–supplier role in mitigating lean barriers in a typical situation and pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Following a qualitative research approach and multiple embedded case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with senior managers of one lead buyer and their four key garment supplier factories in Bangladesh. Within and cross-case analysis, techniques were applied to understand the context-oriented lean challenges and buyer–supplier role in mitigating the challenges. Findings The study findings demonstrate that garment suppliers are less prepared and unsystematic in lean implementation having limited capabilities and less preparation. Moreover, they have limited support from buyers, less commitment from top management and employee resistance to implementing lean. Lean challenges become more intense because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, buyer–supplier responsible, cooperative and collaborative behaviour can mitigate lean challenges. Research limitations/implications Whereas many stakeholders may be responsible for lean challenges, this study explores dyadic role between buyer and supplier only based on a single lead buyer and their four suppliers. Hence future studies could consider more buyers and suppliers for a holistic understanding. Practical implications This study could help buyers and suppliers understand the underlying causes of lean implementation challenges in garment supplier factories and their role in sustaining lean reducing the challenges, particularly in a pandemic. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, this study depicts how buyer and supplier can play their due roles to mitigate lean challenges in garment supplier factories in a pandemic situation.

Robust Motion Planning in Robot-Assisted Surgery for Nonlinear Incision Trajectory

In the era of digital OTs (operating theatres), the developments in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) can greatly benefit the medical field. RAS is a method of technological advancement that uses robotic articulations to assist in complicated surgeries. Its implementation improves the ability of the specialized doctor to perform surgery to a great extent. The paper addresses the dynamics and control of the highly non-linear 3DOF surgical robot manipulator in the event of external disturbances and uncertainties. The integration of non-linear robust SMC (sliding mode control) with a smoothing mechanism, a FOPID (fractional-order proportional integral derivative) controller, and a fuzzy controller provides a high degree of robustness and minimal chatter. The addition of fuzzy logic to the controller, named intelligent fuzzy-SFOSMC (smoothing fractional order sliding mode controller) improves the system’s performance by ruling out the disturbances and uncertainties. The prototype model is developed in a laboratory and its outcomes are validated on OP5600, a real-time digital simulator. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed fuzzy-SFOSMC are compared with conventional controllers, which illustrates the efficacy and superiority of the proposed controller’s performance during the typical surgical situations. The proposed fuzzy-SFOSMC outperforms conventional controllers by providing greater precision and robustness to time-varying nonlinear multi-incision trajectories.

Public Law Aspects of Technical Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Russia and the World.

Within the framework of this article, a comparative analysis of existing approaches to the implementation of technical regulation of artificial intelligence in the public law of Russia and foreign countries is carried out. As part of the comparative analysis, the basic problems in the field of proper technical and public regulation of artificial intelligence in the world practice are identified, the practice of technical regulation in Russia is considered separately, and possible compensatory legal measures are proposed to ensure transparent and proper practice of technical regulation of artificial intelligence in the field of public administration in Russia. The subject of the study is the legal relations of public authorities in the field of technical regulation in relation to artificial intelligence. The object of the study is the regulatory documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the implementation of the autonomy of artificial intelligence for the purposes of public legal relations in Russia and foreign countries, academic publications and analytical reports on the issues under study. The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc. Within the framework of this study, special emphasis is placed on the implementation of a comparative legal study of the problems of ensuring the proper quality of technical regulation of artificial intelligence through the prism of the actions of standardization bodies and other public authorities. The considered typical situations, the current practice of technical regulation of artificial intelligence, as well as the methods proposed by the author can be reflected in the legislative and law enforcement practice of relevant authorities responsible both for technical regulation and for ensuring the integration of this technology into the sphere of public legal relations.

Integrated Pressure Estimation and Control for Electro-hydraulic Brake Systems of Electric Vehicles Considering Actuator Characteristics and Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics

In the automotive field, electro-hydraulic brake systems (EHB) has been developed to take place of the vacuum booster, having the advantage of faster pressure built-up and continuously pressure regulation. Pressure control, one of the most crucial issues to be solved for EHB, is influenced by the system nonlinearities (e.g., pressure-position, friction). Recently, there are a series of studies that focus on this issue. However, the pressure control based on pressure estimation is rarely investigated in the previous literatures. In order to achieve cost-effective and highly integrated, the pressure is regulated without any add-in sensors, making it very difficult to achieve a satisfactory performance. A pressure control system based on pressure joint estimation is developed in this article according to a requirement-oriented model. The pressure joint estimation is designed considering actuator characteristics and vehicle dynamics. The wheel speed feedback is used for modification via a proportional-integral observer. A pressure control combining feedforward, torque-adaptive friction compensation with feedback controller is employed to improve the pressure-tracking performance. The constraint of feedback gain of controller is derived based on the small-gain theorem to remain the input–output stability of the overall control system. Superior to the estimation method based on actuator characteristics, the joint estimation method improves the accuracy by more than 10%. The pressure-tracking performance and robustness of system are validated by vehicle experiments under the typical common braking situations.

Mathematical Model of the Cyclic Process of Introducing New Technologies

Based on Schumpeter’s process of creative destruction, we propose a qualitative model of the cyclic process of introducing new technologies. The model consists of a variable structure system with switchings between three globally stable dynamical subsystems. The switchings between regimes make it possible to describe the process of departing the system from the equilibrium state in the process of introducing new technologies. The alternation of regimes implies lack of equilibrium for the variable structure system despite the global stability of its subsystems. This mathematical fact corresponds to a typical situation in real economic systems during the renovation period. The proposed model shows the global cyclicity of the process of introducing new technologies. In the case of an unsuccessful technology introduction, we establish the existence of a closed trajectory of the system.

Intelligent Fractional Order Sliding Mode Based Control for Surgical Robot Manipulator

In the era of digital OT (Operating Theatre), the developments in Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS) can greatly benefit the medical field. RAS is a method of technological advancement that uses surgical robots to assist complicated surgeries. Its implementation improves the ability of the specialised doctors to perform surgery to a great extent. This paper addresses the dynamics and control of the highly non-linear 3DOF surgical robot manipulator in the occurrence of external disturbances and uncertainties. The integration of non-linear robust SMC (Sliding Mode Control) with smoothing mechanism, FOPID (Fractional-Order Proportional Integral Derivative) controller and fuzzy controller provides a high degree of robustness and minimal chatter. The addition of type-2 fuzzy logic to the controller, named intelligent T2F-SFOSMC (Type-2 Fuzzy-Smoothing Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller), improves the system’s performance by ruling out the disturbances and uncertainties. The prototype model is developed in a laboratory and its outcomes are validated on OP5600: a real-time digital simulator. The simulation results and experimental results of the proposed T2F-SFOSMC are compared with conventional controllers, which illustrates the efficacy and superiority of the proposed controller’s performance during the typical situation of surgery. The proposed T2F-SFOSMC outperforms conventional controllers by providing greater precision, stability and robustness to time-varying nonlinear multi-incision trajectory.

Simulation of Corruption Decisions—An Agent-Based Approach

Corruption is one of the biggest barriers to sustainable development. Several objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are directly linked with the fight against corruption, as it has an influence on the achievement of every single development goal. The aim of this research is to examine decision-making patterns in a typical corruption situation. The following research questions have been formulated: (1) what kind of decision-making approaches are effective against partners maintaining different strategies, and how do these relate to certain generations? (2) Is there a difference between the behavior patterns of employees of SMEs, large corporations, and the public sector in a situation that provides the opportunity for corruption? To answer these research questions, an agent-based corruption experiment was conducted, building on the prisoner’s dilemma. The relationship between cooperation and corruption was examined through the analysis of decision-making situations to uncover when and with which partners (artificial agents) the participants first start to cooperate or become corrupt. The results show that there is a significant difference in the propensity to cheat among different generations. Furthermore, the behavior patterns of employees of large corporations, SMEs, and the public sector also show deviation in a corruption situation.

Moderate Deviation Principle for Multiscale Systems Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion

In this paper, we study the moderate deviations principle (MDP) for slow–fast stochastic dynamical systems where the slow motion is governed by small fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst parameter \(H\in (1/2,1)\). We derive conditions on the moderate deviations scaling and on the Hurst parameter H under which the MDP holds. In addition, we show that in typical situations the resulting action functional is discontinuous in H at \(H=1/2\), suggesting that the tail behavior of stochastic dynamical systems perturbed by fBm can have different characteristics than the tail behavior of such systems that are perturbed by standard Brownian motion.

A model study of low-frequency noise exposure indoors due to road traffic

Indoor low-frequency noise levels due to road traffic has been modelled for facade examples consisting of a lightweight steel facade, a concrete facade and two types of windows. Possible audibility of heavy vehicles passing by has been investigated as well as the dependence of the exposure level on driving speed and distance to road. The results show that pass-by events may be audible at low frequencies for cases complying with building standards and noise guideline values exemplified by Swedish regulation. Moreover, the A-weighted levels may be dominated by low frequency noise, and the frequency of occurrence of pass-by traffic noise events may be sufficiently high to create disturbance for typical traffic situations. Furthermore, it is shown that the contribution of pass-by events to the equivalent level indoors may increase when the driving speed is lowered.

Revising the dynamic energy budget theory with a new reserve mobilization rule and three example applications to bacterial growth

Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory has been applied to model a wide range of organisms, including microbes. In the standard DEB model, biomass is partitioned into reserve and structural compartments, where reserve biomass is mobilized in a pseudolinear manner (while the reserve biomass density, defined as the ratio between reserve and structural biomass, decays linearly) to drive maintenance and the growth of structural biomass (and extracellular enzyme production if it is considered). However, the linear dynamics of the reserve biomass density makes the standard DEB model incapable of explaining the slowdown of microbial growth at high reserve density that is caused by macromolecular crowding effect which reduces biochemical reaction rates (a typical situation occurs when microbes are experiencing severe moisture stress) and is inconsistent with the observation that intracellular enzymatic reactions generally follow non-linear kinetics. By partitioning biomass into reserve, kinetic, and structural compartments, we show here that the Equilibrium Chemistry Approximation (ECA) kinetics can be used to represent enzymatically catalyzed reserve biomass mobilization that can then drive the kinetic and structural biomass synthesis. This revised DEB model better represents the tradeoff in ribosome allocation for structural growth and internal enzyme production, is structurally compatible with metabolic models of cell individuals, and includes the standard DEB model and the popular compromise model as special cases for representing population growth. We then applied the revised DEB model to interpret components of bacterial respiration, their dependence on substrate availability, and emergent microbial carbon use efficiency dynamics for an exponentially growing population. We found that the revised DEB model enables a better understanding of bacterial substrates use (carbon in our examples) than that can be derived from a few other models in the literature. In particular, the revised DEB model explains why carbon use efficiency may first increase, then plateau, and finally decrease with growth rate (and substrate uptake rate), as a function of proteomics. Additionally, the revised DEB model explains why the kinetic biomass compartment needs to be divided to reasonably incorporate proteomic control of microbial growth.

The Use of the K-Sim Polaris Simulator in the Process of Automatic Assessment of Navigator Competence in the Aspect of Anticollision Activities

Very high safety standards set for modern sea shipping are a big challenge both for the navigators themselves and training centers. Practical training, which gives the possibility to practice any typical and unusual sea situations, unexpected events and failures, rescue operations, or maneuvering in restricted areas, is very important. Full mission bridge simulators are widely used in this field. The aim of this conducted research was to verify the usefulness of a multitask navigation bridge simulator in the process of automatic evaluation of anticollision actions executed by a navigator. To achieve that, the available literature was analyzed, several simulations were carried out, and expert studies were performed. The simulations were carried out in the K-Sim Polaris simulator with the participation of students, deck officers, and captains. Expert research was carried out with a group of navigators with different professional experiences. This allowed for verification of the used evaluation criteria and their mutual relations. The results analysis concludes that properly programmed scenarios of testing navigator competence led to an objectivized assessment, which is its important element. However, the key is both the proper programming of the testing scenario as well as the correct selection of the criteria for the assessment itself. Therefore, during test scenario creation, it is necessary to use both the knowledge of experts and a multistage modification of the applied evaluation parameters.

High-bandwidth image-based predictive laser stabilization via optimized Fourier filters.

Controlling the delivery of kHz-class pulsed lasers is of interest in a variety of industrial and scientific applications, from next-generation laser-plasma acceleration to laser-based x-ray emission and high-precision manufacturing. The transverse position of the laser pulse train on the application target is often subject to fluctuations by external drivers (e.g.,room cooling and heating systems, motorized optics stages and mounts, vacuum systems, chillers, and/or ground vibrations). For typical situations where the disturbance spectrum exhibits discrete peaks on top of a broad-bandwidth lower-frequency background, traditional PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers may struggle, since as a general rule PID controllers can be used to suppress vibrations up to only about 5%-10% of the sampling frequency. Here, a predictive feed-forward algorithm is presented that significantly enhances the stabilization bandwidth in such laser systems (up to the Nyquist limit at half the sampling frequency) by online identification and filtering of one or a few discrete frequencies using optimized Fourier filters. Furthermore, the system architecture demonstrated here uses off-the-shelf CMOS cameras and piezo-electric actuated mirrors connected to a standard PC to process the alignment images and implement the algorithm. To avoid high-end, high-cost components, a machine-learning-based model of the piezo mirror's dynamics was integrated into the system, which enables high-precision positioning by compensating for hysteresis and other hardware-induced effects. A successful demonstration of the method was performed on a 1 kHz laser pulse train, where externally-induced vibrations of up to 400 Hz were attenuated by a factor of five, far exceeding what could be done with a standard PID scheme.

The use of sequential approximation method for risk determination in problems of geotechnical mechanics

Most processes in technical improvements are deterministic, therefore, the concept of risk as a product of the probability of an accident occurrence on the financial costs of its elimination, which is proposed in most articles and regulatory documents, is not acceptable, since none of the project parameters is a random variable. In this regard, it is proposed to define risk as a technical system exceeding the values permissible by technical specifications, that is going beyond the operational capability. Before determining the degree of influence of parameters on the risk amount, it is necessary to determine sensitivity to their changing. Sensitivity analysis allows identifying parameters with the greatest influence on the risk of criterion going beyond the operational capability. However, in practice, it is not always possible to determine criterion sensitivity to the change of one or another parameter. In practice, typical situation is a problem to determine risk under conditions of simultaneous change of all parameters. Thus, a relevant method for risk calculation would be a method which allows determining risk sensitivity to the change of parameters and, at the same time, calculating the risk with simultaneous changes in all parameters. The sequential approximation method (SAM) makes it possible to calculate the risk with simultaneous changes of other parameters within a certain range using the information obtained during determining the risk sensitivity to the change of parameters. In the SAM, risk is represented in a multiplicative form, where the components of the product are the functions of one parameter. If the risk approximation is carried out in the form of a product of power functions, each of which depends on only one parameter, then the risk sensitivity to the change of the parameters can be approximately determined by the power indicators. The higher is the power, the greater is the influence of parameter on the risk. In this way, it is possible not only to make an approximate assessment of the influence of parameters on the criterion itself, but also to make conclusions about the importance of the influence of the system exceeding the permissible limits on the risk. In this work, the efficiency of the SAM method for determining the risks of parameters exceeding the permissible limits is demonstrated by the results of solving a classic problem of determining the stress-strain state in the neighborhood of the roadway with a circular cross-section by the finite element method. An algorithm for calculating risks based on specific examples is presented. In order to demonstrate the satisfactory accuracy of the criterion calculations, surfaces of the tangent stress intensity function obtained by the SAM method is compared with the interpolation surfaces obtained by numerical results. Conclusion is made about the ability of the method to determine the risks of the criterion exceeding the permissible limits and to provide satisfactory accuracy of the obtained results. Keywords: risk of loss of operational capacity, multiplicative form of representation, sensitivity of the function, change of parameters, neighborhood of a point, tangential stresses intensity.

О вмещающих конструкциях, и не только о них

The grammatical descriptions of Russian relatively extended compound sentences with an accommodating meaning are analysed, their characteristics in the existing literature are specified. The specificity of the syntactic connection in such sentences is considered on the basis of three components – the content of the main part, the relative чтоand its syntactical position in the subordinatepart. It has been found that the syntaxemic connection between these components is multi-layered and asymmetric, and its regulator is the чтоrelative, which serves as a tool, on the one hand, having semantic breadth to accommodate multiple and diverse content, and on the other hand, having grammatical flexibility to embed the contained meaningful volume into the position of any participant in a typical situation, named in the subordinate part. By its anaphoric and accommodating meaning, the relative что is an indicator of the case relation of the predicate unit, i.e. a kind of “inflection” of the main part, to the same extent as the correlative pronoun то acts as an “inflection” of the subordinate part in the accommodating constructions, with the difference that relative что is anaphoric and refers to the already named antecedent, whereas то is cataphoric and its accommodating meaning is directed to the harbinger, the postcedent. For the denotative level of a compound sentence, it is important what syntaxemes the correlativeand relative pronouns are, what relations they form and in what combinations they form the staple that connects the parts of a compound sentence together. A part of the inventory of staples in relatively extended sentences is demonstrated and the ways in which they are formed and replenishment in the Russian language are shown.

Multicriteria selection of a method for processing multispectral Earth remote sensing data

The article is devoted to the use of qualimetry methods for models and poly model complexes in order to solve one of the relevant engineering problems-automation of selecting methods for calculating Earth remote sensing (ERS) data processing when analyzing the state of complex natural and technical systems. The proposed approach was discussed using the example of choosing methods for calculating forest sustainability indicators. A typical situation was considered when alternative methods and models can be applied at each stage of data processing. The essence of the proposed approach is to formulate and solve the task on multi criteria comparative analysis of processing methods based on a set of indicators, which include costs, required for implementation one or another method, efficiency, which refers to calculation duration of the analyzed sustainability indicator, and an indicator reflecting the quality of the solution-accuracy of calculations result. The solution algorithm was illustrated within an example of choosing the method for assessing consequences of the forest fire. The selection results were presented in the form of a table, which allows the user to evaluate losses and gains in the values of partial indicators when moving from applying one method to another. The proposed algorithmization of the selection task determines possibility for its automation and, thereby, simplifying application of complex methods for processing ERS data for the end user. In addition, the possibilities and degree of validity for scaling the results of processing ERS data from individual areas to large forest areas are expanding.

Korean Society of Endourology and Robotics (KSER) recommendation on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urolithiasis.

This article provides evidence-based recommendations and expert opinions to aid urologists in making optimal decisions regarding managing urolithiasis in various clinical scenarios. The most frequently asked questions by urologists in their clinical practice have been collected and answered in the form of FAQs; based on the latest evidence and expert opinions. The natural history of urolithiasis is divided into active treatment and silent phases, with the active treatment stage divided into typical and special situations and peri-treatment management. The authors address 28 key questions, offering practical guidance for the proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urolithiasis in clinical practice. This article is expected to be served as a valuable resource for urologists.

Variability of expert assessments of ECG time domain parameters

BACKGROUND In anaesthesiology, time domain parameters of the ECG are frequently used for long QT diagnosis, determination of branch blocks and for identifying atrioventricular blocks. However, this analysis depends on several factors and therefore the time domain parameters are prone to variability. OBJECTIVE To determine the variability of expert assessments of ECG time domain parameters in daily clinical practice. DESIGN In an observational study 18 physicians labelled the onset, peak and end of the waves (P-QRS-T) for 26 preselected, distinctive beats. Based on this, clinically important durations and intervals were derived: the duration of the P wave, T wave and QRS complex, as well as the length of the PQ and QT interval. These parameters were subsequently analysed with respect to inter-expert variability (for all experts and discipline-based subgroups) and, additionally, were compared with computer-aided analysis. SETTING ECG recordings from participating patients were recorded in March 2015 during standard examination in the hospital and stored in the local ECG database. PATIENTS We did not define inclusion or exclusion criteria for the patients themselves; the ECG beats were selected by a medical expert with respect to their shapes and abnormalities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Variability of clinically relevant ECG wave durations and intervals quantified were expressed as the interquartile range and the Q2/Q98 span for 18 investigators. RESULTS The resulting wave durations (Pdur, QRSdur and Tdur) and intervals (PQ and QT) showed high variability, for instance, captured by the Q2/Q98 span ranging from 39 to 99 ms. CONCLUSION The observed, inter-investigator variability of assessing the PQ and QT intervals, as well as the wave durations, might result in important variance regarding ECG-associated diagnoses. Whether these variances play a major role in typical clinical situations would have to be demonstrated with further clinical observational studies.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПОЧАТКУ ДОСУДОВОГО РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ В УМОВАХ... НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ ПРАВОВИХ РЕЖИМІВ

The article is devoted to the study of issues of legal regulation of the initiation of pre-trial investigation in conditions of extraordinary and martial law. The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of legal regulation and problematic issues of starting a pre-trial investigation in the conditions of the legal regime of the state of emergency and martial law. The author investigated the peculiarities of legal regulation and the procedural form of the initiation of a pre-trial investigation in the conditions of extraordinary legal regimes (the legal regime of the state of emergency and martial law). It was established that the «general» normative regulation of the beginning of pre-trial investigation has a number of shortcomings and does not always in line with the recommendations of forensic tactics. At the same time, the «special» normative regulation does not solve these problems and, as the author demonstrates, creates new ones, not contributing to the prompt resolution of the tasks of criminal proceedings at the beginning of the pre-trial investigation. The author notes that the principle of «publicity» defined in the criminal procedural law cannot and should not be an obstacle to waiving formalized requirements and taking into account the interests of the pre-trial investigation, especially considering the security situation at the beginning of the pre-trial investigation. It is proposed to conduct further studies, the tasks of which are: analysis of typical tactical situations in which an authorized official finds himself, having received information that may indicate the commission of a criminal offense in the event that the scene of the incident and/or the victim, and/or most of the witnesses are in the territory, in which the extraordinary legal regime is in effect and there are real threats of losing the opportunity to obtain evidence; studying the expediency in such cases of expanding the list of investigative (search) actions that can be carried out before the «official» start of the pre-trial investigation and clarifying what exactly these investigative (search) actions can be.

Political Science Education in the Educational Environment of University: Valuable Semantic Foundations

Political science education over the past thirty years has become the most important element of the humanitarian sphere of the Russian university. At the same time, a discussion continues in the scientific and pedagogical community about the status of political science education in the professional training of specialists in demand for the country, masters and research teachers. One of the main questions postulated in the expert community is to determine the role of the science of politics in preventing the emergence of conflict situations in the educational space of the university on the basis of the "politicization" of the worldview positions of participants in educational relations. The transition in 2010 - 2020 to a competency-based model for the implementation of basic professional educational programs and the introduction of project technologies in the educational process led to a serious transformation of the architecture of education and upbringing at the university. The article presents arguments in favor of the author's hypothesis about the need to introduce programs of political and legal education at leading universities for all participants in the educational process. The author comes to the conclusion that the approbation of such programs will qualitatively update the content of the educational work of innovative teachers and methodologically strengthen the cultural component in the professional outlook of students. The educational component is also emphasized. The content of the programs should include didactic materials containing recommendations on how to quickly respond to typical conflict situations on the grounds of a mismatch of political orientations among the youth. The materials contained in the article are addressed to graduate students, young professionals and researchers of higher education.

Паремиологические единицы в общеязыковой национальной картине мира

The study is devoted to understanding the semantics of proverbs in the works of the famous Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov. It is substantiated that a proverb is a special statement with the help of which stereotyped assessments and recommendations are formed regarding typical life situations in the language, since proverbs express the basic mental attitudes of ethno-linguistic consciousness. The structure of paremiological units includes various types of lexical units that act either in their direct meaning, or lose their lexical meaning and are used in a figurative sense, but in either case they participate in the formation of a paremiological picture of the world as a fragment of the general language national picture of the world. It has been established that the national specificity of the semantics of proverbs is reflected in the presence in their structure of nominations of cultural realities, attitudes of spiritual and moral values and ethical normative stereotypes. It is proved that the nature of paremias with a secondary linguistic function forms the paremiological fund of the language, which is a valuable object for linguistic and cultural research for two reasons: firstly, paremia as a linguistic sign is capable of realizing the functions of both language and culture; secondly, proverbs are an integral part of the general language national picture of the world.