Type Of Political Culture Research Articles

Hierarchy and Typology of Political Culture

This article discusses political structure and culture with a focus on several key dimensions, namely the physical structure of politics, the social structure of politics, and various types of political culture. The physical structure of politics refers to the formal institutions and political mechanisms that influence the process of political action. The socio-political structure includes the distribution of power and social hierarchies that influence political dynamics in society. Furthermore, this article outlines the different types of political culture, including a political parochial culture that shows minimal involvement in national political affairs, a political subjective culture that reflects individuals' political attitudes and orientations towards power and political participation, and a political participatory culture that encourage active participation in the political process. Through an analysis of the physical and socio-political structures, as well as various political cultures, this article provides a more accurate understanding of the complexity of politics in modern societies. The implications of this understanding for public policy development and political system development are also discussed in depth.

Possibilities for Regional Integration in South and Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of SAARC and ASEAN

During the second half of the twentieth century, an accelerated wave of economic and political integration at the regional level hit all corners of the world. Regions of South and Southeast Asia did not fall far behind in this regard. This paper aims to examine the scope of regional political integration in these two regions of Asia, then identify the main (non)institutional barriers that prevent emerging supranational bodies from reaching out to their full potential and analyse the results in the field of regional political associating achieved so far. Using the content analysis of the relevant literature as a primary scientific method showed some important results: (a) it is pointed out that a higher degree of integration has been achieved between the member states of the ASEAN compared to the SAARC, (b) basic historical (colonization period, type of political culture, structure of the political system) and contemporary (political violence, secessionism, ethnoreligious disputes) threats to a deeper integration have been pointed out and (c) great potential of these regions for deeper integration in the field of politics, but also the economy, culture, etc., is clearly emphasized. In conclusion, it could be argued that the Southeast Asian region, through its arguably most important supranational entity – the ASEAN organization – has achieved an extremely high degree of regional integration compared to its neighbouring counterpart – SAARC and that the latter organization has a long way to go in approaching good practices and results achieved by ASEAN within the field of regional political integration.

2021 regional elections in Catalonia: new trends in political participation

In this article, the author identifies new trends in political participation in the elections of deputies to the Parliament of Catalonia (February 2021). Political participation in Catalonia is of interest from the perspective of changes in the identity and party orientations of voters, transformations of the Spanish and Catalan party systems. The analysis of territorial differences in political participation is promising in terms of clarifying their factors and dynamics. System analysis, synchronous comparative analysis, secondary analysis of the results of questionnaires are applied hereinunder. Political participation in the Catalan community is autonomous, it corresponds to the civic type of political culture, due to informatization of society and the pandemic, forms of online involvement in political activity prevail. The community is segmented along linguistic, ethnic and ideological lines, which increases the volatility and pluralization of the party system. New trends in political participation in the elections in Catalonia (2021) have manifested themselves in a significant decrease in voter turnout, preference for online forms of voting and political discussion, which is caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It has been proven that the public opinion of Catalan voters maintains a low level of trust in state institutions, despite improvements in economic situation. The paradox is explained by the long-term orientations and attitudes of political culture. The degree of awareness of electoral orientations (according to the self-esteem of the respondents) is high, the sources of formation of their orientations are, first of all, television and the Internet. The electorate is divided into supporters of state unity and secession, republic and monarchy. Increased support for secessionism is evident among the voters with a high level of income and education, among the inhabitants of the foothill and mountain areas. The Catalan elections in 2021 confirmed a moderate rise in secessionist sentiment. The left trend of changes in political participation in Catalonia is opposite to that of Spain as a whole, the results of regional elections in Madrid and the Basque Country.

DAGESTAN REGION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND POLITICAL CULTURE OF DAGESTANIANS

The article is devoted to the study of such a social phenomenon as the "political culture" of the Dagestanis during the existence of the Dagestan region. The use of systemic, historical-comparative, and historical-typological, anthropological methods contributes to a more adequate reflection of historical processes and phenomena, allows us to understand the mechanism of social changes.The phenomenon of political culture is due to its dual nature, on the one hand, it belongs to the sphere of politics, and its "life cycle" is tied to the period of existence of the political system, on the other, to the sphere of culture as a value-normative system that goes beyond its limits. The type of political culture is formed in the process of developing the socio-economic and general cultural context of each particular country. In this regard, we set ourselves the task of showing how the traditions and dynamics of the development of Dagestan society have reflected on the political culture of the Dagestanis, understood as a value-normative system, which includes basic beliefs, attitudes, orientations, symbols directed to the political system.The authors analyzed the historical and social experience underlying the political orientations and political behavior of ethnic communities united after the end of the Caucasian War within the framework of the Dagestan region of the Russian Empire. We came to the conclusion that if at the time of the creation of the region the political systems and political culture of the peoples of Dagestan were heterogeneous, and the differentiation was of a territorial nature, then by the time the autocracy fell, we can speak of a single socio-political community - the Dagestanis and the aggregation of political values ​​and attitudes took place no longer geographically, but ideologically. And the October Revolution led to the need to choose one of the alternatives.

What is the Political Culture for Young Brazilians

In this paper, we sought to analyze if the internet and social networks usage could be impacting the constitution of an assertive political culture among young people in South Brazil. We hypothesize that although these new socialized agents are widespread among the young, apathy and disinterest in politics remain. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed data from a survey conducted with secondary school students from Porto Alegre in 2015 and 2019 for values related to democracy, feelings about politics, responsiveness, and political efficacy. Results confirm that the political culture of the young remains apathetic, but those socialized by new agents seem to be closer to develop an assertive type of political culture

The Dominants of Contemporary Political Culture and the Transformation of Political Governance

Contemporary political governance is increasingly dependent on the trends of global globalization, changing in the context of global migration and constantly creating and changing multinational communities. This article aims to analyze the existing policies of social inclusion that form the basis of political culture, which plays a significant role in the system of modern political governance in the era of globalization. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the importance of changing the political space for creating a policy of diversity and inclusion, aimed at forming a modern political culture that meets the current trends in governance in the era of globalization. The major research issue of this paper is the question of which points of political culture are the most transformative for the modern political system. The article analyzes the dominant features of modern political culture, which should be paid attention to both in theoretical analysis and in making managerial decisions. The research method is an open-ended written expert survey — 23 experts took part in the survey; the volume of the material obtained as a result of the survey is 48,000 words. The analysis and processing of information was carried out using the methods of systematization, problem-management design and the method of identifying problem dominants. Expert interviews allowed us to identify a number of measures that the political authorities can take to strengthen the transformational potential of political culture. These include the creation of political initiatives and easily accessible opportunities for political integration; the development of an inclusive and tolerant society through the reallocation of resources to help various kinds of minorities, aimed at helping them understand and use their rights and responsibilities; and the development of creativity and innovation as the basis of a new type of political culture. The results of the analysis of expert interviews complement modern international research on the formation of a new political culture and its impact on the formation of the political system. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that modern political culture assumes controlled diversity, and this is the basis for the transformation of the political system in the near future. The main dominants of political culture are the strengthening of the importance of the local and, in particular, the strengthening of the importance of the urban environment; the development of the political culture of migrants; inclusiveness of political communities, especially at the local level.

Political Process and Insecurity Among Youths in Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos

Political insecurity is an inevitable endemic menace negating human development across most of the developing nations. However, various reviewed publications posits that youths in most of all developing nations are categorized as crime prone segment of the country used by the state political actors for obstructing political process based on their perceived political vested interest. Youths in all human society are known as the catalyst for accelerating and achieving progressive socio-economic and political development if properly managed otherwise apolitical involvement of the youths in political processes will degenerate to social milieu such as civil unrest, traumatization, retrogressive economic development, death, bad national and international image among the league of nations, Anomie and structural functionalist theories were adopted Qualitative method was adopted for data collection from 40 respondents through the use of In-depth interview and purposive sampling techniques while content method of data analysis was adopted for the transcription of the data collected from the interviewees at Oshodi-Isolo, Lagos. Large numbers of the interviewees concluded that Nigeria political processes, elections, electioneering process is faulty therefore there is a needs for proper reorientation, full sensitization and socialization of Nigerian on the types of political culture and community controlling policing measure needed to foster the growth and development of political process in Nigeria More so, Nigeria youths should purged themselves out of preconceived notion that labeled them (youths) as agent of political violence or insecurity in the country so as to enjoy progressive democratic ethos

Формы правления и партийные системы в Латвии, Литве и Эстонии: 30 лет независимости

This article focuses on the peculiarities of government forms in Baltic states that were once part of the USSR: Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The constitutional and legal bases of relations between presidents and their parliaments and governments are considered in detail, and the author makes a comparative analysis of institutions operating in these states. This article also examines the grounds for the resignation of governments, their heads, and individual ministers, as well as discussing the features of the party and electoral systems of these Baltic States. These systems’ functions face several problems, and forms of government like semi-presidential and parliamentary republics are shown to lack effectiveness across the Baltic States. It is important to note the instability of these governments, which changed every two and a half years on average, although this did not affect the countries’ economies. The presidents of these republics performed political mediation effectively and ensured a constant dialogue with political forces. Since national governments were formed on a non-coalition basis in all three States, an extensive practice of inter-party agreements and alliances began. This created a new type of political culture, where prejudice towards the Russian communities of the states in Latvia and Estonia was prevalent, and this issue is addressed in the article.

When will the “dawn of new civism” rise over Russia?

The article deals with theoretical approaches to the formation of the civic culture in nowadays Russia. As a particular type of political culture, it acts as a part of the mechanism, which serves to implement social demands, maintaining democratic principles, and ensuring social unity. The author outlines the major features of the civic culture: connection with social needs of the community; involvement in regulating its vital activity on the basis of state institutions; responsibility and obedience to law; orientation towards political order and stability; the citizens’ active political participation, etc. The civic culture contributes to controllability of the society promoting to political order and democracy. The article reveals the role of the state in the formation of civil society and the civic political culture. Considerable attention is paid to the bearers of political civic culture, as well as the role of civic and patriotic education of Russian citizens.

Phil Mullan, Beyond Confrontation: Globalists, Nationalists and Their Discontents

This article is a book review of Beyond Confrontation: Globalists, Nationalists and Their Discontents by Phil Mullan. Like other writers, Mullan warns of the danger of rising global tensions, but what marks out his contribution is a demystifying historical analysis which identifies the underlying sources of conflict and offers an optimistic and forward-looking vision. The first part of the book examines the emergence of the current rules-based international order in the aftermath of the Second World War, uncovers its inherent flaws, and draws out how it has now become a source of conflict rather than stability. Part two is devoted to debunking myths about trade and trade agreements—particularly the idea that these are central to economic dynamism. Arguing that the relationship between trade and economic growth has been turned upside down, Mullan aims to put it back on its feet. The concluding part sets out some positive proposals for how to reimagine economic policy approaches in ways that could enable root-and-branch renewal and to think afresh about what type of political culture would facilitate such necessary changes.

TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT AMONG STUDENTS: A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Establishing a relation based on trust between citizens and institutions leads to a good functioning of society and a legitimation of the political system. According to previous research (IRES, 2010, 2012, 2016, IMAS, 2011), Romanians– particularly youth, show low confidence in institutions, especially in politics. Why does this generate negative effects? If citizens have confidence in institutions, they can give a meaning to their civic and political involvement. When level of trust tends to be negative, the motivations to engage in civic or political actions will decrease based on the presumption that even if change is desired, the institutions will not allow it to happen. Thus, the paper aims to analyse the degree of students’ trust in public institutions and their civic/ political behaviour, in the context in which these indicators can influence – on medium and long term -, the type of political culture and the relationship between government and citizens. The study is based on a quantitative research conducted between December 2019 – January 2020 among students from three specializations within the Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania on a sample of 433 subjects, and had as main directions of analysis: the level of trust in public institutions, the forms of civic/ political involvement practiced by students, the ability to effect changes at high level. The results bring into attention that youth have limited trust in institutions and this fact can justify an apathy condition and insecurity regarding social and political change. At the same time, most students are unsatisfied by the Romanian democracy regime. The most common forms of civic and political involvement over the last year have been voting, signing petitions and participating in volunteer oriented work.

Christian democracy as a modern political doctrine

Christian Democracy is one of the youngest political doctrines of our time, a product of the twentieth century. But it influenced the formation of the post-war order of Europe, of the world, and the formation of new political parties and whole party systems, and a new type of political culture. The reaction of Christianity to manifestations of anti-clericalism and socialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. became Christian democracy. Christian democracy is a fairly broad concept. In its content, it includes the direction of socio-political thought, political movement as well as a network of public organizations and associations. The article discusses the essence of the concept "Christian democracy", its contentfulness in the twentieth century. The key stages of the development of modern political doctrine of Christianity and the main principles are analyzed. The article traces the institutional development of Christian-democratic organizations. Particular attention is devoted to the Christian Democratic parties of the countries of Western Europe, which are the most powerful in the world. Characteristics of the development of Christian Democratic parties in Ukraine are given, and tendencies of their further development are revealed. The question of the ideological and social significance of Christian democracy in the context of the formation of Western political culture is explored. The basic tasks and directions of development of Christian Democratic Movement as Important Parameters of Christian Politics, and the Importance of Political Participation of Christian Parties in the World and in Ukraine are formed. The main principles of Christian democracy are outlined: solidarity, subsidiarity, personalism, responsibility, decentralizationю These principles laid the specific understanding of the concept of "person-society-state". The concept of the doctrine of Christian democracy as the basis for the formation of a pluralistic society and a deligatory state is highlighted.

Трансформация общественного сознания советской молодежи в условиях массовых политических репрессий 1937–1938 гг.

The work is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of youth perception of the repressive policy of the Soviet regime. On the basis of the studied archival documents and periodicals materials of the Tambov Region, the main ways of adaptation of youth to the toughened system of political control are shown. We reveal the main motives for which young men and women took part in making denunciations. It is concluded that the majority of youth sincerely believed the statements of propaganda structures about the existence of countless “enemies of the people” and the need to expose them. However, there were those for whom terror became an opportunity to advance their careers or to satisfy their thirst for revenge. It is proved that in the youth environment a submissive type of political culture was developed, and deindividualization of consciousness was carried out. Fear for one’s own life spawned doublethink among the majority of those who disagreed with the party line. Nevertheless, the presence of critical and protest sentiments testifies to the existence of a personal perception of the phenomena of Soviet reality by young people, which significantly differed from official assessments.

Panorama de las prácticas políticas: una aproximación desde cultura participativa y cultura política

La cultura participativa (Jenkins, 2008) es un término que en los últimos años ha permitido explicar el fenómeno de las nuevas interacciones que han ido surgiendo a partir de la relación con nuevas plataformas mediáticas y entre las propias audiencias. La cultura participativa describe cambios particulares en el escenario mediático de forma que las barreras tradicionales se han ido deslavando poco a poco (Barba, 2017). Dentro de estas transformaciones, la relación contemporánea con el ecosistema digital motiva a la divulgación de información de manera más amplia. En correspondencia, se puede señalar que la participación puede ser comprendida como un ejemplo de cultura política, en tanto que se adquiere cómo y en qué participar políticamente. La conexión entre los conceptos de cultura política y participativa de este trabajo pretende explicar nuevas y diversas posibilidades de acción y participación en el escenario contemporáneo. Este trabajo, desarrollado en la ciudad de Querétaro, es una exploración a este respecto a partir de un sondeo no probabilístico que abre una ventana a describir desde dónde se están construyendo las formas de participación política previo a la elección de 2018.

U.S. political culture in the policy classroom: social work teaching methods and activity

ABSTRACT In the United States, social welfare policy skills are essential, considering that social workers are often embedded in institutions where policy regulates practice. As such, social policy instructors must engage students in the development of policy-related skills, including, development, implementation, and evaluation. Engaging students in policy skill develop presents challenges detailed within. In the United States, political culture theory (PCT) is a useful framework for educators to use for developing students understanding of federal social welfare policy implementation among the 50 states. Applications of PCT are not limited to the US however; as it has demonstrated to be adaptable to contexts social workers are engaged in across the globe. The PCT typology focuses on three types of political culture: individualistic, traditionalist and moralistic, and the implications of these frames on policy implementation. The political culture scavenger hunt, detailed within, is a classroom activity derived from PCT for instructors to use to explore the implementation of social welfare policy. Adaptions of the activity for use in international contexts are included, with recommendations and reflections on the social work pedagogy serving as the conclusion.

Роль института лидерства в формировании политической культуры в условиях суверенитета

This article analyzes the role of the institution of leadership in the formation of a new political culture in conditions of sovereignty. It should be noted that experience shows that the institution of leadership has really had a decisive influence on the whole further course of development of social and political processes in society. As a result, an activist type of political culture based on democratic principles emerged and affirmed in society. The culture of participation as the main element of human culture in general was characterized by rationality, awareness and expediency. At the same time, it is necessary to know that the level of perception of new cultural values depends on the level of political culture of the political leader itself, since any leader is a reflection of the cultural environment in which it was formed.

Stadial Classification of Historical Types of Political Culture, According to the System-Communication Approach

Stadial Classification of Historical Types of Political Culture, According to the System-Communication Approach

Політичний режим в Словаччині в 1994-1998 рр.: боротьба авторитарних і демократичних тенденцій розвитку.

The author of the article examines political development of Slovak Republic in 1994-1998 years through the prism of manifestation of authoritarian and democratic characteristics. A conclusion is made about the functioning of the hybrid political regime with a clear tendency towards authoritarianism. The following undemocratic features of the political regime in 1994-1998 were highlighted: the power in the country is concentrated in the hands of the parliamentary-governmental coalition led by a charismatic leader; attempts to change institutional rules of political development in order to concentrate power; the transformation of the parliament (a parliamentary majority) into an instrument of influence of the head of the executive branch; neglect of the rights of the parliamentary opposition, obstructing its activities; the use of law enforcement services, special services for political struggle, prosecution of opposition representatives; restrictions and violations of the rules of electoral competition and democratic expression of the will of the citizens; strengthening control over the media; incitement of national intolerance and increase of value fragmentation of society; foreign policy goals were sacrificed to domestic political tasks regarding the concentration of power; non-transparent privatization and corruption. At the same time, democratic features can be noted alongside authoritarian ones: activity of civil society, opposition parties, non-governmental organizations; crystallization of the political interests of society in the planes «pro-Meciar–anti-Meciar » and «East–West»; citizens' awareness of the undemocratic actions of the government and the desire to resist it, especially in the context of the 1998 elections; relatively independent and critical position of institutions included in the system of power distribution (President, Constitutional Court, parliamentary opposition). Factors and preconditions, which did not promote democratization, were found out: imperfect institutional structure, conflict type of political culture, differentiation of the political elite, actualization of the national question, weak distribution of democratic values, social economic difficulties, etc.

РАЗВИТИЕ АВТОРИТАРНЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

In the context of the modern global information society, the institutionalization of any practice of domination - democratic or authoritarian - is conditioned by the need to use information and communication technologies (ICT). This is not only due to the relevant value and world outlook orientations of the dominant subject but also due to the peculiarity of the information environment of the modern society, which forms prerequisites for the application of both democratic and authoritarian practices of controlling information and using ICT. Within the article, authoritarian trends in information discourse are considered not only as the derivatives of a certain type of political culture but also as a reaction of the dominant subject to the growing complexity of social reality associated with the increasing role of information and communication technologies in the individual’s and the society’s existence. Authoritarianism is not viewed as an unequivocally negative phenomenon, but as a stage in the evolution of domination practices, the institutionalization nature of which, on the one hand, forms new communication channels between the society and the dominant subject, on the other hand, represents new forms of authoritarian domination.

Political Culture of Coastal Society in the Hinterland Area of Batam CityThis research examines the political culture of coastal communities in the face of Simultaneous Regional Elections of 2015 in Batam City. The purpose of this research is to analyze the types of political culture and the participation of coastal society in political activities, especially elections, because there is no

This research examines the political culture of coastal communities in the face of Simultaneous Regional Elections of 2015 in Batam City. The purpose of this research is to analyze the types of political culture and the participation of coastal society in political activities, especially elections, because there is no research that discusses the political culture of coastal society in particular. Research that discusses the political life of coastal society has not been discussed, especially how the role and views of society on political life and government. In fact, coastal society are groups that will be affected and feel the consequences of these political activities. This research uses qualitative method. The respondents are selected by purposive sampling technique and data obtained by observation and in-depth interview. The findings in this study indicate that the type of coastal society culture is included in the type of participant political culture, in which the level of participation society in Simultaneous Regional Elections of 2015 is quite high and their knowledge on political activity is sufficient.