Type Of Malocclusion Research Articles

High Frenal Attachment - As a risk Factor of Midline Diastema

Dental is a field of dentistry concerned especially with the appearance of dentition as achieved through its arrangement, form and color. The type of malocclusion, the degree of malocclusion, age, patients’ desires, practitioners’ style of treatment as well as gender predilection can influence the final treatment the patient will be subjected to. From functional demands, over the years, patients’ demands have dynamically shifted to meeting the maximum possible. In older patients, it is difficult to treat the malocclusion by only orthodontic procedures, hence bringing in the requirement of performing a multidisciplinary approach of dental treatment to provide the maximum for the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of high attachments as a risk for . A sample size of 272 patients' information from the Dental Information Archiving Software database of an institutional setup in Chennai was taken, and a retrospective study was performed followed by data analysis using SPSS version 20.0 software. Within the limits of the study, it can be said that 13.6% of the cases are caused by high attachments. No significant association between age, gender and attachments associated with was confirmed in this study. P-value associated with high attachment and age was 0.28, and P-value associated with high attachment and gender was 0.39.

One-piece Lefort osteotomy versus segmental procedure for maxillary skeletal deformities - A retrospective study

Maxillary skeletal deformities can occur in all three planes and are corrected by orthognathic surgery. Osteotomies form the basis for orthognathic surgeries. One of the most commonly used osteotomy techniques for maxillary skeletal deformities is the LeFort osteotomy. The aim of this study was to compare the application of One Piece LeFort Osteotomy and Segmental Osteotomy procedures in the treatment of maxillary skeletal deformities. The institutional study involved analysis of case sheets of patients who underwent surgical correction of maxillary skeletal deformities in the stipulated time frame and assessment based on the parameters: Demographic data, type of cephalometric analysis, cephalometric values, type of skeletal deformity, and technique of Osteotomy. Statistical analysis was calculated by chi-square test. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Maxillary skeletal deformities were more prevalent among females (60%) than males (40%). Anterior maxillary segmental osteotomies were more commonly performed (60%), followed by LeFort 1 osteotomy (26.7%). The prevalence of posterior osteotomy technique was 13.3%. A statistically significant association was revealed between the type of skeletal malocclusion and technique of Osteotomy used, with a p-value of 0.008<0.05. The type of malocclusion dictates the technique of Osteotomy is used. In a skeletal Class II, segmental malocclusion procedure was more preferred for maxillary deformities.

Analysis of Patients with Skeletal Malocclusion Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Along with Fixed Orthodontics in a Dental Hospital Setup

Lately, people have become more conscious about their physical appearance. Orthodontic treatment has no doubt in providing a significant effect on facial aesthetics. Commonly treated dental and skeletal malocclusion includes class II and class III, skeletal malocclusions might need orthodontic fixed appliance, orthognathic surgery or a combination of both for its correction. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence percentage of patients with skeletal malocclusion undergoing orthognathic surgery along with fixed orthodontics. We reviewed and analysed the data of 86000 patients who visited a dental institutional hospital between June 2019 and March 2020. A total of 60 patients were chosen to be included in this retrospective study. They were diagnosed with either class II or class III malocclusions. Socio-demographic and clinical data of all the 60 patients were collected, such as age, gender, type of skeletal malocclusion, treatment suggested and treatment undergone were retrieved from the patient records provided by Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. This data was tabulated in excel and analysed using SPSS software. Chi-Square test was performed, and the p-value was determined to evaluate the significance of the variables. Among the patients, 51.7% were males with the peak prevalence of reporting for skeletal malocclusion treatment at the age of 10-30 years (85%). Most predominant dental malocclusion being class II division 1 (38.3%) followed by class III(23.3%). Proclination (40%) and crowding (60%) were other common dental alignment issues in the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively.

Bite and Sight: Is There a Correlation? Clinical Association between Dental Malocclusion and Visual Disturbances in Pediatric Patients

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between malocclusions and visual defects. This is a case-control study evaluating the prevalence of visual defects in patients with different types of malocclusions. Methods: One-hundred and sixty patients aged from 5 to 14 were evaluated using the ROMA index to detect malocclusion; the ones with the lowest scores were used as the control group. They were also submitted to visual-capacity inspection for motility and refractive disorders. Results: Our work showed an enhanced prevalence of refractive defects or fusional vergence defects and alteration of eye movements (especially the saccades) in almost all dental malocclusions. Statistics: The Kappa test values for ROMA index were between 0.643 and 1.00 for the intraoperator agreement (0.00 < p < 0.002) and between 0.773 and 1.00 for the agreement between operators (p = 0 < 0.001). The statistically significance level for the correlation malocclusion/visual defects was set at p < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed with the STATA software (version 15.0, Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Conclusion: Considering the high level of the statistical analysis and the accuracy of the methodology used, these data allows the establishment of a huge correlation between sagittal, transversal and vertical malocclusions with ocular disorders (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and ocular motility defects).

The relationship between dentofacial morphology and smile characteristics in lateral and oblique views

Background/purposeThe purposes of this study were to develop smile measurements for lateral and oblique view photographs to help in orthodontic analysis and treatment planning, to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between smile esthetics and different types of malocclusion using lateral and oblique view photographs, to identify the cephalometric factors affecting smile measurements. Materials and methodsPatients who came to orthodontic department of a university hospital from 2014 to 2017 and met the inclusion criteria were included and divided into three groups according to Angle's classification. Thirteen variables were measured for cephalometric analysis. Twenty-one variables were developed and measured on pretreatment photographs for lateral and oblique smile analysis. ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used to compare cephalometric and smile variables among three groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify cephalometric factors affecting smile measurements. ResultsThree-hundred and ninety patients (287 females, 103 males) with mean age of 24.5 ± 7.6 years reached the criteria. All cephalometric variables differed significantly among three groups. Except for maxillary teeth exposure number, visible maxillary width, and lip thickness ratio, all smile variables differed significantly. Smile characteristics had significant correlation with some cephalometric measurements. ConclusionSmile patterns on the lateral and oblique view photographs can be affected by different types of malocclusion. Therefore, we suggest to include lateral and oblique smile view photographs in the data collection for orthodontic treatment planning.

Prevalence of malocclusion and common occlusal traits among adolescent school children in Dakahliya, Egypt and Makkah, Saudi Arabia (A comparative study)

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion among adolescent school students in Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt and compare it to a similar group in Makkah Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, explore the possibility of the presence of significant difference between different population for the various occlusal traits assessed. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with stratified cluster random sample of 627 male adolescents, with age range (14-17) years, selected from 21 schools in the Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt and Makkah, Saudi Arabia to assess and compare the status of occlusion. Occlusal traits assessed were; malocclusion types, crowding, diastema, cross bite, overjet and overbite.Results and Conclusion: This study revealed predominance of Angle Class I (67.1% in Saudis, 65.4% Egyptians), followed by Class II (div1) (14.5%, 18.6%), then Class II (div2) (10.7%, 8.6%). Class III showed the least prevalence (7.6%, 7.4%) for Saudis and Egyptians respectively. The most prevalent malocclusion trait was crowding (63.3% in Saudis,57.7% in Egyptians). Increased overjet was higher among Egyptians. Decreased overjet was higher among Saudis. Increased overbite was more prevalent in Egyptians while decreased overbite was more prevalent in Saudis. Anterior and posterior crossbite showed more prevalence among Saudi adolescents. where diastema was more prevalent among Egyptians. Statistically significant difference was found between Saudi and Egyptian male adolescents in all the studied occlusal traits.

Relationship between ratio of 2nd and 4th digit lengths (2D:4D) and malocclusion in 13-15-years-old children: a case study at Unismuh Junior High School, Makassar

Background: Malocclusion is a condition that is not in accordance with the process of growth and development that can be seen with the disharmony of the relationship between the teeth, relationship of jaw arches, face and overall. The 2D:4D ratio can be corelated with hormones that have a role in growth.Therefore, ratio 2D:4D can be used as an early marker of disease, intelligence, reproductive ability and probability of jaw growth patterns. Objective: To know the relationship between the ratio of second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D) and the types of malocclusion on the students of Unismuh Junior HighSchool. Method: This observational descriptive study with purposive sampling was performed on students aged 13-15 years old with total sample 100 people.Malocclusion examination was conducted to identify the types of Angle and Dewey malocclusion. A digital vernier caliper was used to measure a ratio between2D and 4D. The data were analyzed using chi-square test. Result: 96 people had Class 1 (2D<4D=77, 2D>4D=19), 4 people had Class 2 (2D>4D=3, 2D<4D=1), Class 1 type 1 of 34 people (2D< 4D=29, 2D>4D=5), Class 1 type 2 of 3 people (2D<4D=2, 2D>4D=1) and Class 1 type 6 of 16 people (2D<4D=12,2D>4D=4). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the ratio 2D:4D with the types of Angle and Dewey malocclusion.

Adult orthodontic retreatment: A survey of patient profiles and original treatment failings

A growing number of adult patients are seeking orthodontic treatment. This research aimed to analyze the particulars of patients seeking retreatment and identify the causes of their original treatment failure. An online questionnaire survey of adults seeking first-time orthodontic treatment (control) and retreatment (study) was conducted. Index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) scores were determined. Appraisal of treatment records was carried out to identify the causes of original treatment failure. No significant differences were found between retreatment adult patients and first-timers regarding reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment, malocclusion type, self-perception of malocclusion, level of self-motivation, willingness for surgery, expectations of treatment improvement and duration. The predominant reason for seeking treatment in both groups was for aesthetic concerns. Retreatment patients presented with lower ICON scores (39.4; standard error, 0.26) than the first-time patients (54.3; standard error, 0.23), P≤0.001. The predominant reasons for original treatment failings were poor treatment, maturational changes, inadequate retention, shortcomings in diagnosis and treatment planning, and unfavorable growth. Other causes were related to transverse deficiency, secondary malocclusion (after periodontal breakdown), poor retention compliance, and temporomandibular joint degeneration. Adult orthodontic retreatment and first-time seekers' profiles are remarkably similar. Aesthetic concerns were the leading reasons patients sought treatment. ICON was not a useful proxy of patient profiles. Poor treatment was the chief reason for the failure of the original treatment. In terms of clinical significance, clinicians should be mindful of the patient profiles of retreatment seekers and vigilant about the possible causes of failings of orthodontic treatment to avoid suboptimal outcomes.

Factors influencing different types of malocclusion and arch form – A review

AimThis review intends to highlight malocclusion as a multifactorial issue and review the different factors that influence different types of malocclusion and arch form. MethodsAn online article search was performed on the factors influencing malocclusion and arch form from January 1990 through April 2020. The search was performed within the Google, Rutgers library, PubMed, MEDLINE databases via OVID using the keywords mentioned in the PubMed and MeSH headings for the English language published articles January 1990 through April 2020, which evaluated different factors that influence malocclusion and arch form. ResultsOf the 300 articles found in initial search results, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria set for this review. These 31 studies were directly related to the factors that impact malocclusion and different arch forms. ConclusionGenetic inheritance, genetic mutations, age, gender, ethnicity, dental anomalies like macrodontia, congenital diseases, muscular diseases, hormone imbalance, and human behaviour are all factors that influence malocclusion and arch forms. The elements within the individual's control like behaviours can aid in preventing malocclusion. However, it seems as if the underlying reason for most of these factors indicates that malocclusion is a by-product of genetics and pathology.

A comparison of self-esteem and social appearance anxiety levels of individuals with different types of malocclusions

Objective The aim was to compare Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), sensitivity to criticism scale (STCS) and social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS) scores of individuals with different types of malocclusions, and investigate the correlation between these scores and the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON) score. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty individuals, who did not have any previous orthodontic treatment, were included. Group 1 included 40 patients with Class I malocclusion (median age of 14 years), Group 2 included 40 patients with Class II malocclusion (median age of 14.25 years) and Group 3 included 40 patients with Class III malocclusion (median age of 15.15 years). ICON scores were 46, 53 and 56 for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. RSES, STCS and SAAS questionnaires were performed to the patients. Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann–Whitney’s U and Kruskal–Wallis’s tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results Group 1 showed significantly higher level of RSES scores compared to Groups 2 and 3 (p<.05). STCS scores were found to be significantly higher in Group 2, compared to other groups (p<.05). Group 1 (32.53 ± 8.94) showed significantly lower level of SAAS scores compared to Group 2 (39.63 ± 9.28) and Group 3 (39.42 ± 10.54) (p<.05). A significant positive correlation was found between the ICON and SAAS scores (r = 0.247, p=.007). Conclusions Adolescents with Class II and III malocclusions reported higher levels of social appearance anxiety scores, and lower levels of self-esteem scores compared to Class I. Complexity of orthodontic treatment need showed a significant impact on social appearance anxiety.

CURRENT STRUCTURE OF PATIENTS SEEKING FOR ORTHODONTIC CARE

Now an orthodontist is a very demandable dental specialist due to increasing number of patients seeking for orthodontic care. Analysis of patients by their age, diagnosis and sex can allow orthodontists to understand more clearly which pathology and which patients are the most prevalent and to find the best approaches to satisfy the clients’ demands. This analysis provides the potential to create more targeted approach in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malocclusions. At the Department of Postgraduate Education of Orthodontists, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, we performed an analysis of 2,359 outpatient medical cards (1296 patients, who took treatment in 2019, and 1063 patients, who took treatment in 1999). It is noteworthy that for the 20-year period the number of people seeking for orthodontic care has risen in 9.9 times, despite the rapid development of private dentistry services. The data of the analysis have demonstrated that today adults make up the larges share of the orthodontic patients. Therefore, orthodontic correction by using fixed appliances has become a priority. Moreover, female individuals ask for help more often that is determined by the increase in women's social attitude to their appearance. All this confirms social and psychological significance of orthodontics. As for the male individuals seeking for orthodontic care, their number has been found out to increase in the age 14 – 18 that may be related to the findings revealed at pre-military medical checkups. As for the commonest types of malocclusions for these two periods, I class malocclusion by Angle has been found out as the most prevalent, II class by Angle is ranking the second position and III class by Angle and a deep bite are sharing the third position.

The characteristics of palate and upper dental arch can be an anatomical marker for men with schizophrenia? Case-control study: Palate can be a marker for schizophrenia?

The aim of this study was to compare individuals with and without schizophrenia through the characteristics of the palate, such as width, length, depth, palate shape, and upper dental arch shape. The sample was divided into one case group (n=45) and two control groups (n=90; 45 individuals each group). Groups were paired by variables: sex, age, and malocclusion type. All analyses were performed on upper dental arch plaster models. All individuals were male and the mean age was 28.56 (SD: 7.82) years. The frequency of the malocclusion type observed was 54.1% (Class I), 22.2% (Class II), and 23.7% (Class III). Statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups for the variables palate shape (P=.004) and upper dental arch shape (P=.003). The case group had a higher frequency of the deep or grooved palate shape (57.8%) and parabolic dental arch shape (48.9%). There was no statistically significant difference for the palate width, length, and depth (P>.05). There was an evidence that the deep or grooved palate shape and parabolic dental arch shape are morphological characteristics of the palate in men with schizophrenia.

Comparison of pain perception, anxiety, and impacts on oral health-related quality of life between patients receiving clear aligners and fixed appliances during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment.

Clear aligner is an advanced orthodontic method with benefits of comfort, aesthetics, and convenience. This study aimed to compare pain perception, anxiety, and impacts on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between adult patients receiving clear aligners and fixed appliances during the initial stage of orthodontic treatments. The two groups were well matched by ages, gender, and levels of malocclusion severity. Pain perception, anxiety, and OHRQoL were assessed through visual analogue scale, state-trait anxiety inventory, and oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14), respectively. And the comparison of above scores was performed by two-way analysis of variance. A total of 110 patients (55 pairs) were enrolled in this study. Orthodontic pain levels peaked on the first day and decreased gradually afterwards in both groups, which were significantly higher in the fixed group on the first, second, fourth, and fifth days. Likewise, anxiety levels peaked on the first day and decreased thereafter, with significant difference on the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th, and 14th days. Moreover, the OHIP-14 scores increased and peaked on the first day and then gradually decreased for both groups, which were also significantly higher in the fixed group on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days. More malocclusion types should be used for group matching. The effect of exclusion of small groups should be taken into consideration in sample size calculation. Income was significantly unbalanced between two groups due to higher cost of clear aligners, and random assignment of treatment modalities was unfeasible. Patients treated with clear aligners experienced lower pain levels, less anxiety, and higher OHRQoL as compared to those receiving fixed appliances.

Assessment of nasal morphological parameters in Maharashtrian population

Introduction: Human nose influences facial aesthetics and soft tissue harmony. Owing to uniqueness of nasal morphological characteristics, due consideration to it during treatment plan is essential. Present study aims at assessing nasal index in the Maharashtrian population and its correlation with age, gender and type of malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 410 patients was selected out of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the department to assess various nasal parameters. Data thus obtained was divided in groups depending on age, gender and type of malocclusion and subjected to suitable statistical analyses. Results: Mean nasal index in males was 79.08 ± 8.21 while in females was 76.65 ± 9.87 which did not differ significantly with respect to gender and age (P > 0.05). Mean nasal index differ in respect to type of malocclusion in sagittal plane and was found to be highest in patients' records pertaining to skeletal Class III malocclusion, which was statistically significant (P 0.05 for both). Conclusions: Mean nasal index in Maharashtrian male is 79.08 ± 8.21 and in females is 76.65 ± 9.87 (mesorrhine nasal type). The mean nasal index was found to be reduced in Class II malocclusion cases as compared to Class I and Class III malocclusion. The facial index, nasal index and dorsum base ratio also did not show statistically significant correlation.

Comparison of the Joint Space in Different Types of Malocclusion Using Three-Dimensional Models.

There is no abstract available.

Treatment of class I malocclusion with severe crowding with asymmetrical extractions

The present report describe the case of an 11-year-old female patient, treated at the Dental Center at School of Dentistry at the University San Martin de Porres, who underwent a treatment of class I malocclusion with severe crowding with asymmetric extractions. This case was selected by several factors including the complexity of the mechanics used, the type of malocclusion, anchorage managment and collaboration by the patient. The apparatus used and the protocol used are described. Finally, the results obtained at the end of the treatment are shown

Assessment of contributing factors for discontinuation of orthodontic treatment

Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence and associated contributory factors for discontinuation of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted with the treatment records, whose orthodontic treatment was commenced in the year 2015 at the Division of Orthodontics, University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya. Information regarding age, gender, type of malocclusion, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, appliance type, duration of treatment, extraction versus non-extraction, stage of treatment, and the cost of treatment was obtained from the patient’s records. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software R 3.5.0. Results: The sample consisted of 310 treatment cases, of which 40 (12.9%) patients were discontinued. Among the discontinued patients, 50.6% were male and 49.3% were female. The discontinuation rate in the group of 12–17 years was higher than the other age groups, which was statistically significant (P = 0.005). Among the group of discontinued treatment, 49.3% were of Class II division 1 malocclusion and 37.1% and 37.4% of patients were in Grade 3 and 4 of IOTN, respectively. About 37% of patients have been discontinued before completion of 1 year which was statistically significant (P = 0.0005). About 59.5% of non-extraction patients were in the treatment discontinuation group which was also statistically significant (P = 0.023). About 32.5% of the patients who discontinued have obtained the treatment with the lowest cost with statistical significance (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Children with borderline and moderate occlusal irregularities treated with simple removable appliances which are affordable with low cost were more prone to discontinue in the early phase of active treatment.

Prevalence of dental malocclusion in stomatology hospital, Kabul-Afghanistan

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of different types of malocclusion among 1000 OPD patients in Stomatology Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. 1000 patients between ages of 15-30 years (500 males and 500 females), randomly selected using specific criteria among patients that visited Kabul Stomatology Hospital OPD department, for 7 months. Patients were examined directly intra-orally, and information was collected by a single observer, recorded on pre-prepared forms, and analyzed through the SPSS program. Result of this study showed that from 1000 OPD patients, 81.2% were suffering from malocclusions, among which Class I Malocclusion was recorded to be 49%, Class II Division 1 was 14.8%, Class II Division 2 was 8.2%, Pseudo Class III was 3.1%, and Class III Malocclusion was recorded to be 6%. Class I Malocclusion was the most prevalent.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Saudi Young Adults with Vertical Discrepancies in Occlusion.

BackgroundMalocclusion is one of the most common oral health problems that affects quality of life. It is important to understand how different types of malocclusion can affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Vertical discrepancy in occlusion is highly prevalent, yet there are no studies evaluating its impact on OHRQoL in the Saudi population. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the impact of vertical discrepancy in occlusion on patients’ OHRQoL.Patient and MethodsA cross-sectional evaluation of 109 patients with open and deep bites who attended the orthodontics screening clinic at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital was carried out. The OHRQoL of each participant was assessed using the shortened, Arabic-version of the oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used for analysis.ResultsThe findings indicated a statistically significant association between anterior vertical discrepancy in occlusion and embarrassment (p = 0.001), followed by being self-conscious about their appearance, discomfort while eating (p = 0.009), generalized mouth aching (p = 0.012), and speech problems (p = 0.049). This Impact was significantly higher in participants with open bites. Regarding gender variables, female patients were found to be significantly more embarrassed (p = 0.005), while male patients were more self-conscious (p = 0.018).ConclusionVertical discrepancy in occlusion has a negative impact on OHRQoL and its domains in both genders. The negative impact is highlighted in the psychological disability, psychological discomfort, physical pain, and functional limitation domains.

Worldwide prevalence of malocclusion in the different stages of dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this review is to quantify the prevalence and type of malocclusion among children and adolescents during the different stages of dentition worldwide. Recent studies (from 2009 to 2019), published in Medline, Web of Science and Embase and orthodontic text-books have been comprehensively reviewed herein. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using STROBE criteria. After screening 450 records and analysing 284 relevant full-text publications, 77 studies were included in this review. A good degree of evidence was obtained due to the medium-high methodological quality level of included studies. The worldwide prevalence of malocclusion was 56% (95% CI: 11-99), without differences in gender. The highest prevalence was in Africa (81%) and Europe (72%), followed by America (53%) and Asia (48%). The malocclusion prevalence score did not change from primary to permanent dentition with a common score of 54%. Malocclusion traits such as Angle's classes, overjet, overbite, and asymmetrical midline shift essentially did not change their prevalence during different dentitions. Conversely, traits such as cross-bite and diastema reduced their prevalence during permanent dentition, while scissor-bite and dental crowding increased their scores. The worldwide high prevalence of malocclusion and its early onset during childhood should induce policymakers as well as paediatric physicians and dentists to devise policies and adopt clinical strategies for preventing malocclusion since younger children's ages.