Type Of Malocclusion Research Articles

Airways cephalometric norms from a sample of Caucasian Children.

BackgroundThe diagnosis of the respiratory pattern and the analysis of airway dimension using lateral cephalometric radiographs include the study of the adenoid region, free air space of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, soft palate and posterior part of the tongue. The objective of this study is to identify the airways cephalometric norms from a sample of Caucasian children, in relation to gender, age and type of malocclusion. Material and Methods A total of 480 patients of both sexes were included in the study, the age ranged between 6-12 years. The radiographic records were analyzed using the Nemoceph® 11.3.0 software and the diagnosis of skeletal class was performed using the Steiner analysis. The cephalometric measurements used for the study were PNS-AD1, AD1-Ba, PNS-Ba, Ptm-Ba, PNS-H and the upper and lower airways according to McNamara analysis. The comparative analysis was performed using only upper and lower airways variables. ResultsThe mean values for each variable in the total sample were 23.2 mm (PNS-Ad1), 24.7 mm (Ad1-Ba), 47.6 mm (PNS-Ba), 45.7 mm (Ptm-Ba), 30.0 mm (PNS-H), 9.3 mm (upper airway) and 11.5 mm (lower airway). According to gender, all variables were greater in the boys group except for the lower airway. In relation to age, the mean values increased with age except for the lower airway and the AD1-Ba variables. In patients with skeletal Class I greater dimensions of the upper and lower airways were observed. ConclusionsIn this Caucasian sample, it has been observed a tendency of minor airway dimensions in patients with skeletal Class II, lower age range female gender. It has been observed only significant differences between age and skeletal class for lower airways variable and, in relation to upper airways variable the results were significant in relation to age. Key words:Child development, Diagnostic XRay, Cephalometry, Respiratory system diagnostic imaging.

Effectiveness of Fully Customized Lingual Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Pilot Study

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Suresmile ® lingual therapy on torque, tip, and rotations measures through digital evaluation of planning and post-treatment digital models . Material and Methods: A sample of 12 Caucasian adult patients (4 men; mean age 30.6 years ± 3.9 and 8 women; mean age 31.4 years ± 4.5) treated with the Suresmile ® lingual orthodontic technique was retrospectively selected, regardless of the type of malocclusion. Digital planning was performed with Suresmile ® software, while lingual therapy was accomplished with interactive self-ligating lingual brackets and customized Suresmile ® arches. First, digital models of planning and post-treatment digital models were compared using VAM software (and the discrepancies were analyzed through MANOVA and four multivariate. Then, Tukey and Bonferroni's post-hoc tests are performed. Results: The accuracy average values are 60.11 ± 27.67% for torque, 53.52 ± 27.37% for tip and 59.19 ± 26.42% for rotation, while for inaccuracy values are 2.72° ± 2.23° for torque, 2.98° ± 2.16° for tip and 3.58° ± 3.29° for rotation. No significant differences have been recorded evaluating different sectors of both arches . Conclusion: This retrospective preliminary study highlight how overcorrections, especially in the Suresmile lingual technique, should be performed during orthodontic planning. Moreover, the study gets bases for further, more structured future studies that should involve larger and more homogeneous samples.

3-D Evaluation of temporary skeletal anchorage sites in the maxilla.

BackgroundThe selection of temporary anchorage device (TAD) site can be a challenging task since one should not only consider the 2-D distances between roots, but also the entire 3-D space. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior maxillary region areas available for the insertion of temporary anchorage devices in reconstructed images from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and MethodsSample consisted of 72 patients with indication for orthodontic treatment, grouped into three distinct age groups: 11 to 14 years (age group 1), 15 to 19 years (age group 2) and aged 20 years or older (age group 3), which were further subdivided as to the type of malocclusion (Angle Class I, II and III). Orthopantomographic reconstructions and cross sections were obtained with the Dolphin Imaging software. The distance between the roots of maxillary teeth (canines, premolars and first molars) was determined at 5 mm of the cementoenamel junction, as well as the depth of bone availability at different insertion angles (90°, 75°, 60°, 45°). The influence of different angulations, age, and malocclusion on bone availability was evaluated by ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post-test. For the evaluation of the interaction of these factors, 2-way ANOVA was used. ResultsBone availability was found to be poor between roots in the molar region. There was a reduction in bone availability with increasing age. With regard to angulations, greater bone availability was found in depth for 45° angulation in the canine and first premolar regions and for angulation of 75° or 90° in the molar region. However, there was no difference between bone availability in the region of the second premolars. ConclusionsAccording to applied methodology it can be concluded that the region between canines and premolars accepts better vertical angular variations for TADs insertion. Key words:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures.

Frequency of premolar teeth extractions for orthodontic treatment.

It is of interest to evaluate the frequency of premolar extractions during orthodontic treatment in patients reporting to the Saveetha dental hospital in Chennai from 2019-2020. We used the records from 987 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment from June 2019 to March 2020 in a dental hospital for this analysis. Digital case records of patients who underwent therapeutic extractions of premolars were isolated. A sample dataset of 340 case records were selected for this study. Data shows that 34.4% of subjects underwent premolar extractions amongst a total of 987 subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment. 89.4% of patients were Angle's Class I malocclusion patients, and the rest were Class II patients. However, no premolar extractions were done in Class III patients. Data also shows that 67.1% of subjects underwent all 4 first premolar extractions and 13.2% underwent only upper first premolar extractions. Thus, a significant association was found between Type of Malocclusion and the Type of premolar extractions with p < 0.05. Moreover, only 34.4% of patients underwent premolar extractions and the majority of them underwent all 4 first premolar extractions.

Effect of Craniofacial Growth Pattern on Head Posture

Head posture refers to the upright position of the head of a standing or sitting subject. The literature reports that head posture is affected by many factors. Objective: To evaluate differences in head posture according to craniofacial growth pattern. Methods: A total of 163 individuals (83 females and 80 males) were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to ANB angle as Class I, Class II, and Class III, and each group was divided further into three subgroups according to SN/GoGn angle as hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent. The patients were compared in terms of head posture measurements. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the main and interactive effects of vertical growth pattern and malocclusion type on the head posture of the patients. Results were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference between malocclusion and face-type groups was observed in all head posture measurements (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Head posture is similar among subgroups of different malocclusion types separated by vertical growth pattern.

Influence of angles occlusion in periodontal diseases.

It is of interest to document the known relationship between periodontal status and Angle's malocclusion types. We used 26092 case records of patients between 16 to 50 years of age with no gender restrictions. Variables such as age, gender, periodontal diagnosis and type of Angle's occlusion were extracted and tabulated. Statistical analysis was completed using chi square test in the SPSS software version 20. Data shows that the majority (95.27%) had Angle's class I occlusion and less than 5% had class II and Class III occlusion. Statistical analysis of class II and Class III cases with 1000 randomly selected cases of class I occlusion show a significant difference in the periodontal status between different types of Angle's occlusion. Chronic periodontitis was more in class I (10.4%) and it was the lowest in Class II Div 2 (4.3%) occlusion. Class II Div 1(23.8%) and Class III (17%) had the highest and lowest proportion of clinically healthy periodontium, respectively. Thus, we report that angles occlusion types had significant influence on periodontal status along with the other determinants.

Bolton Ratio of Different Angle’s Classifications in a School Children Sample of Erbil City

Aims of this study were to determine both the Bolton anterior and overall ratios in a representative sample of Erbil schoolchildren of Normal occlusion and Cl I, Cl II div I, div II, and Cl III malocclusion, also to find if there are any gender differences. Numerical data were obtained, comprised of 320 samples study casts of students with a mean age of 13–15 years selected from different schools in Erbil City. The casts were divided into 5 groups according to the type of malocclusion: Normal (n = 64), Cl I (n = 64), Class II div I (n = 64), Class II div II (n = 64), and Class III subjects (n = 64). The measurement of the greatest mesiodistal width of the teeth was performed using digital Vernier directly on the study casts, from the distal surface of the left first molar to the distal surface of the right first molar. The overall and anterior ratios between the maxillary and mandibular teeth were computed and evaluated using Bolton’s method. The results revealed that the mean anterior ratio (78.863) was higher and statistically signifi cantly different from anterior Bolton’s (77.2) and also the mean overall ratio was not statistically signifi cant different from Bolton’s ratio (91.3) (P = 0.239), with respect to the overall and anterior ratios among all the groups, statistically significant differences were found. Differences between genders were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that there were no signifi cant differences between males and females. There were non-significant differences between the findings of the present study and those of Bolton’s study for overall ratio and anterior ratio, but among all five classifications, there was a significant difference of Erbil population not similar to Bolton ratio and there was no significant difference between males and females.

A Retrospective Clinical Audit of Bracket Failure among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Therapy

Objective Bonding failure is a problem in orthodontic therapy and has been associated with orthodontic emergencies and delayed treatment time. The aim of this study is to determine the bracket failure rate among patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. Materials and Methods From the archives of posttreatment records, 200 total cases were selected, out of which 122 cases had detailed treatment records. Cases with incomplete records, large restorations, or enamel aberrations were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics were applied to obtain sample characteristics, and a chi-square test was applied to compare the bracket failure between different categories. Result Out of the 122 samples enrolled in the study, female and male patients comprised 71% and 29%, respectively. Class I malocclusions were the most common problem (56%), followed by Class II (41%) and Class III (3%). The bracket failure rate was 3.43%, and 32% of the patients had an incidence of bracket failure. There was no significant difference in bracket failure among genders (p=0.344), malocclusion types (p=0.191), or operators (p=0.188). The maxillary left quadrant was the most common site of bracket failure, followed by the mandibular right quadrant. Conclusion Bracket failure is relatively uncommon. It is not affected by the gender or age of the patient or by malocclusion type. The maxillary left and mandibular right quadrants are the most common sites of bracket failure.

Association between malocclusion and the severity of dental trauma in primary teeth.

The literature does not clearly state whether the type of malocclusion is associated with a specific type of trauma and the severity of the injury. Hence, the aim of this retrospective study was to assess the occlusal condition in children with traumatic dental injuries of the primary teeth, and the association between the occlusal characteristics and the type and severity of these injuries. Data were collected from records of children treated at a dental trauma center in Brazil over a period of 16years. The data included age, gender, etiology of the trauma, place of occurrence, number of affected teeth, type of trauma, and injury severity. The occlusal condition was assessed by a trained dentist using photographs of the patients from their first visit. Chi-square tests and Poisson regression were used for data analyses. This study included 209 patients, and most were aged between 2-4years (50.55%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that children with an anterior open bite had a 47% higher prevalence of severe trauma than those who did not have an anterior open bite, and those with class II canines had a 56% higher prevalence of severe trauma than those with class I and III canines. Children with an anterior open bite had a 46% higher prevalence of injuries affecting multiple teeth than those without an anterior open bite. Anterior open bite and class II canine relationship were associated with a higher prevalence of severe traumatic dental injury in primary teeth, and anterior open bite was associated with trauma affecting multiple teeth.

Efficacy and safety of micro-implant anchorage in Angle class II malocclusion orthodontic treatment: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Angle class II malocclusion is clinically complex and common malocclusion type, which affects beauty. Conventional treatment has the disadvantages of long course of treatment, high cost, easy recurrence and limited curative effect. Clinical practice shows that micro-implant anchorage has certain advantages in the treatment of Angle II malocclusion, but lacks the evidence of evidence-based medicine. This study systematically evaluates the efficacy and safety of micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of Angle class II malocclusion.Methods:A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu [VIP], CBM). Besides, manually search for Google and Baidu academic of micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of Angle class II malocclusion in randomized controlled clinical research. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to September 2020. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.Results:In this study, the efficacy and safety of micro-implant anchorage against Angle class II malocclusion were evaluated by SNA, BNA, ANB, NLA°, Adverse reaction.Conclusions:This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of Angle class II malocclusion.Ethics and dissemination:Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/UPBR8.

The relationship between the depth of the curve of Spee and different types of malocclusion.

Objective: To assess the depth of the curve of Spee in Class I, class II division 1, Class II division 2 and class III malocclusions. Materials and methods: Casts of 120 patients were selected and divided into 4 equal groups of 30 cases each. The casts were divided according to the malocclusion into Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusions as defined by the British standards of classification. The depth of the curve of Spee was measured on each model after digitizing it using 3Shape Ortho analyzer 2019 software. Statistical analysis was performed for the collected data . Results: results showed that class II division 2 cases had the deepest curve of Spee followed by Class II division 1 then Class I cases, while class III malocclusion showed the least depth of the curve of Spee. All groups showed a statistically significant difference in between except for Class I and Class III groups where no significant difference was found in between. Conclusion: the depth of the curve of Spee is affected by the type of malocclusion

Relationship between Breastfeeding and Malocclusion: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature about the influence of breastfeeding in primary and mixed dentition on different types of malocclusions. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines were used to perform the present review. The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science and Ovid. Results: A primary research found a total of 279 articles. Two more papers were also considered from the gray literature. Two hundred sixty-three articles were excluded as they were deemed irrelevant on the basis of: duplicates, title, abstract, methods and/or irrelevant contents. Eighteen papers were selected and included in the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: breastfeeding is a positive factor that seems to reduce the incidence of posterior crossbite, skeletal class II and distoclusion in primary and mixed dentition. A sort of positive relationship between months of breastfeeding and risk reduction seems to exist. More longitudinal research is needed to avoid bias in the results, with data collected prospectively on the months of exclusive breastfeeding, by means of specific questionnaires and successive clinical evaluation of the occlusal condition at the primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition stages.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and malocclusion - a cross sectional study of female patients without previous orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of various types of malocclusions in a group of female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), as well as the association between occlusal anomalies and the side, location, and severity of the spine deformity. The study group was comprised of 60 females aged 12-16 years with AIS and 54 healthy controls. Apart from clinical examination, alginate impressions and wax bites were taken. Occlusal traits were assessed on the casts in maximum intercuspation. Data were statistically analyzed with a significance taken as p < 0.05. All patients with AIS showed at least one abnormal orthodontic trait, while 9 (16.7%) patients from the control group had dentition free from any orthodontic anomaly. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0032). In the sagittal dimension, patients with AIS had a higher frequency of bilateral distocclusion and unilateral mesiocclusion as compared to the control group (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0034, respectively). They also showed crowding, increased overjet and overbite more often than healthy age- mates (p = 0.0417, p = 0.0121, and p = 0.0166, respectively). Regarding the association between site, side, or severity of scoliosis and the occurrence of the malocclusion, asymmetric molar occlusion was more frequently observed in patients with right convex (p = 0.0149), while unilateral mesiocclusion, appeared more often in patients with the thoracic apex of the curve (p = 0.0349). The results emphasize a need for collaboration between orthopedists and orthodontists in the complex medical care for scoliotic individuals. Orthodontic treatment can alleviate negative impact that a malocclusion has on the oral health, aesthetics, and psychological well-being of this vulnerable group of patients.

Malocclusion trait and the parafunctional effect among young female school students.

Extraneous activities of either the mouth, tongue or the jaw comprise the oral parafunctional habits of the stomatognathic system. This denominated habit is expressed through bruxism, digit sucking, nail biting to name a few, have led to hypothesizing the possible relationship of evolution of occluso-facial abnormalities such as malocclusion thereby hindering the conventional developmental process. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and the possible relationship of parafunctional oral habits with the types of malocclusions among 12–16 years old females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted through questionnaire and clinical examinations, where the sagittal abnormalities within a randomly selected 672 participants who met the eligibility criteria were tabulated and analyzed. A positive history of the presence of parafunctional habit was recorded among all the participants with nasal and mouth breathing [46.6%], nail biting [39.6%] being predominant. 36.4% presented with significantly higher prevalence of bi-maxillary protrusion in mouth breathers while 17.1% with moderate overbite in participants with nail biting habit. Therefore, within the limitations of the present study, the findings do support the literature on the prevalence and the possible association of these habits with the malocclusion development thereby emphasizing on the importance of early recognition, management and prevention of them.

Assessment of malocclusion pattern in Bangladeshi Population

Background: Malocclusion is one of the most common dental problems together with dental caries, gingival disease, dental fluorosis which varies in different part of the world among different populations. The aim of this study was to assess the malocclusion pattern in Bangladeshi population to provide quantitative information regarding the pattern of dentofacial characteristics.&#x0D; Methods : This cross sectional study was carried out with the orthodontic records of 256 patients who attended and treated in the Department of Orthodontics ,Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital , Dhaka. Malocclusion pattern mainly assessed by Angle’s classification system; along with incisor classification system other variables like overjet, overbite, cross bite ,crowding, spacing and median diastema were recorded. Finally data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 21).&#x0D; Results : The study result showed out of 256 orthodontic patients majority (68.7%) were female, in Angle’s classification Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent (55.5%) type of malocclusion followed by Class II (38.3%) and Class III (6.3%). The most prevalent malocclusion trait found crowding (67.7%), followed by increase overjet (65.6%), increase overbite or deep bite (50.4%); the least prevalent malocclusion trait found scissor bite (1.2%) followed by posterior cross bite (5.1%) and median diastema (12.5%). Statistical significant relationship observed in the distribution of malocclusion by Angle’s classification with sex ( as p value &lt; .05).&#x0D; Conclusion: This hospital based study concludes that in Angle’s classification system: Class I malocclusion was prevalent along with the malocclusion trait crowding, which actually gives a general idea about the malocclusion pattern in Bangladeshi population.&#x0D; Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (2): 14-17

Management of Skeletal Class-II Malocclusion Using Advansync 2: A Case Series

Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion, being the most commonly occuring type of malocclusion, ischallenging to treat especially when there is an underlying skeletal discrepancy. Various fixed functionalappliances have been developed over the years by different authors for correction of skeletal class IImalocclusion due to retrognathic mandible. Among the fixed functional appliances available for class IIcorrection, Advansync2 (Ormco Co, Glendora, Calif) also known as molar to molar appliance has been usedeffectively in the recent past. It is a fixed tooth-born functional appliance with an advantage of allowingconcurrent use of fixed orthodontic therapy. This facilitates reduction of the overall treatment duration. Twocase reports of patients treated using the Advansync2 class II corrector has been presented along with theskeletal and dentoalveolar changes observed during the treatment. The effects observed were similar to mostfixed functional appliances however the treatment duration was considerably reduced in all the cases.

Prevalence of outflow of patients for esthetic rehabilitation through the maxillofacial surgical procedure - A retrospective study

Dental esthetics is a field of dentistry concerned especially with the appearance of dentition as achieved through its arrangement, form and color. The type of malocclusion, the degree of malocclusion, age, patients’ esthetic desires, practitioners’ style of treatment as well as gender predilection can influence the final esthetic treatment the patient will be subjected to. From functional demands, over the years, patients’ demands have dynamically shifted to meeting the maximum esthetics possible. In older patients, it is difficult to treat the malocclusion by orthodontic procedures, hence bringing in the requirement of performing surgical treatment along with prosthetic rehabilitation. This will help maximize esthetics as well as provide a long term, sustainable solution for the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of outflow of patients undergoing jaw-related surgery requiring prosthetic rehabilitation and its association with esthetic demand. A sample size of 1743 patients' information from SDC DIAS database of Saveetha Dental College was taken and a retrospective study was performed where the data collection was done using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 software. It can be said that surgical treatment is done majorly due to esthetic desires. There is no significant association of the requirement of the treatment with age as well as the gender of the patient (P&gt;0.05). There is a statistically significant association between Requirement of Prosthetic Rehabilitation and Age group (P&lt;0.05).

Descriptive epidemiology of dental malocclusion in Najran patients seeking orthodontic treatment

BackgroundUntreated malocclusion can lead to compromised aesthetic function, depression, and low self-esteem. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental malocclusion in Najran, Saudi Arabia as no data existed before. MethodThis was a retrospective study analyzing the casts of all patients in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, seeking orthodontic management for malocclusion between 2017 and 2019. MeasurementsThe consultant orthodontist is the single investigator involved in collecting the details of demographics followed by molar relationships, overjet, overbite, crowding and spacing using digital caliper on each dental cast. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for IOS Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. ResultsA total of 326 patients sought treatment for different types of malocclusion. There were 143 males and 183 females with an M:F ratio of 1:1.3. Age ranged from 6 to 55 years with a mean SD of 22.6 ± 8.98. The prevalence for Class I, II and III malocclusions at 95% CI was (0.76 (0.757, 0.774)), 0.251 (0.243, 0.260) and 0.529 (0.519, 0.539) respectively. Fifty-one (15.6%) patients had reversed overjet, 65 (19.9%) reduced overjet, and 86 (26.4%) increased overjet. One hundred and sixty-four (50.3%) cases of reduced overbite and 99 (30.4%) cases of deep overbite were also observed. Tooth size arch length discrepancy were noticed with crowding and spacing in 83 (26.4%) and 71 (21.8%) patients, respectively. ConclusionsThis study has shown the prevalence of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion to be 72.7%, 11.6% and 15.6% respectively. Increased over jet and crowding was demonstrated in more patients, though it is not statistically significant.

Dental caries experience in patients with and without anterior crossbite: A case-control study

Anterior crossbite is a type of malocclusion involving anteroposterior alignment, which results from an abnormal axial inclination of the anterior maxillary teeth. Dental caries is a chronic disease affecting patients and adults. Due to improper oral hygiene management in individuals with a crossbite, the incidence of caries could be higher. Hence a study was conducted to assess the dental caries status in patients with anterior crossbite and also compare with patients without anterior crossbite. The present study consisted of 56 patients divided into two groups: patients with anterior crossbite and patients without anterior crossbite. 89000 Case sheets were reviewed from the dental treatment records for DMFT index in patients with and without anterior crossbite from June 2019 to March 2020. In both groups, parameters such as Decayed- Missing - Filled (DMFT) score was recorded. Data were subjected to the Mann Whitney U test in SPSS software. Results showed higher DMFT score was seen in patients without anterior crossbite. Mean DMFT Index for case group (patients with anterior crossbite) is 2.04, and Mean DMFT Index for the control group (patients without anterior crossbite) is 2.93. The difference was not statistically significant (P-value - 0.072). Within the limitations of the study, dental caries status in patients with anterior crossbite is good compared with patients without anterior crossbite.

Cephalometric Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airway and Hyoid Bone Position in Subgroups of Class II Malocclusions

The aim of the study is to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to different Class II malocclusion types in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The retrospective clinical study consisted of patients divided into 3 subgroups with skeletal Class II malocclusion. A total of 221 individuals (131 females and 90 males) were included in the study. Individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into three subgroups as maxillary prognathia, mandibular retrognathia and combined. In the cephalometric analysis; 8 nasopharyngeal, 7 oropharyngeal, 2 hypopharyngeal, 9 hyoid measurements and 4 area measurements were used. The distribution of sex and growth-development stages of the patients were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate patients. Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons for significant parameters. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p&lt;0.05 significance level. Results: According to findings, there was no significant difference between the groups in nasopharyngeal airway and area measurements (p&gt;0.05). When the position of the hyoid bone was evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in the measurements of Hy-Pg (mm) (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Linear and areal nasopharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class II malocclusions, while the distance of the hyoid bone from the pogonion is less in the mandibular retrognathia group.