Influence of angles occlusion in periodontal diseases.

Sheeja S Varghese

doi:10.6026/97320630016983

Abstract

It is of interest to document the known relationship between periodontal status and Angle's malocclusion types. We used 26092 case records of patients between 16 to 50 years of age with no gender restrictions. Variables such as age, gender, periodontal diagnosis and type of Angle's occlusion were extracted and tabulated. Statistical analysis was completed using chi square test in the SPSS software version 20. Data shows that the majority (95.27%) had Angle's class I occlusion and less than 5% had class II and Class III occlusion. Statistical analysis of class II and Class III cases with 1000 randomly selected cases of class I occlusion show a significant difference in the periodontal status between different types of Angle's occlusion. Chronic periodontitis was more in class I (10.4%) and it was the lowest in Class II Div 2 (4.3%) occlusion. Class II Div 1(23.8%) and Class III (17%) had the highest and lowest proportion of clinically healthy periodontium, respectively. Thus, we report that angles occlusion types had significant influence on periodontal status along with the other determinants.

Highlights

Gingivitis and periodontitis are the two common chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting structures of the teeth and the former leads to the latter and eventually causes tooth loss [1,2]
On evaluating the periodontal status, 21.2% were clinically healthy, 9% were with localised chronic gingivitis, 58.9% were with generalised chronic gingivitis, 3.2% were with localised chronic periodontitis and 7.7% with generalised chronic periodontitis (Table 1 and Table 3)
On analysing whether molar occlusion had any influence on periodontal status, the results showed that in all the four types of occlusions, patients with generalised chronic gingivitis were more in number followed by patients with clinically healthy gingiva

Summary

Introduction

Gingivitis and periodontitis are the two common chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting structures of the teeth and the former leads to the latter and eventually causes tooth loss [1,2]. Dental occlusion is implicated as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis [9]. The causal relationship between dental occlusion and periodontitis is still inconclusive due to contradictory reports [10,11]. The malocclusion is implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of periodontal disease primarily due to its influence on oral hygiene maintenance leading to more plaque accumulation but its influence on trauma from occlusion is noteworthy [13,14,10]. A lot of research has been carried out in the past and has reported the influence of malocclusion on periodontal health and diseases. It is of interest to document the known relationship between periodontal status and Angle’s malocclusion types

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Conclusion