Type Of Malocclusion Research Articles

Three-dimensional craniofacial changes with maxillary expansion in young adult patients with different craniofacial morphology

Objectives: Skeletally mature patients with transverse deficiency are best treated with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (RPE) procedure. Recent studies have shown that microimplant-assisted RPE (MARPE) appliances can be effective in achieving skeletal expansion in young adults. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the skeletal and dental alveolar changes in response to treatment with MARPE appliances in three types of anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Material and Methods: Seventy-eight subjects diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency and treated with the MARPE appliance (mean age of 22.9 ± 4.2 years) were divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions with 26 subjects in each group. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans were used for superimposition to examine the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes following maxillary expansion treatment. Results: Significant lateral separation of the maxilla was found at the levels of the nasal floor, interzygomatic bones, and the inferior palatine margin of the alveolar process (P < 0.05) in the whole sample. Most of the sagittal and vertical variables change significantly in the whole sample and each studied group separately. Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant differences among the three skeletal classes except for the left frontozygomatic angle, left maxillary inclination angle, and torque in the first and second premolars. In Class III patients, the maxilla moved forward significantly in most of the cases (eight of 26 cases) (0.88°, P < 0.05) and the mandible moved downward and backward improving the anteroposterior skeletal relationship. Significant differences were also found in the vertical measurements (N-Me, MMP, and MP/SN, P < 0.05) in all three types of anteroposterior malocclusions. Conclusion: Maxillary expansion with the MARPE appliance in young adult patients induced different skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions in each skeletal malocclusion with no significant difference among the three skeletal classes.

Correlation between temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions: A retrospective observational study-can malocclusions or previous orthodontic treatments affect Temporo-Mandibular Disorders?

Background: The purpose of this article is to verify the possible correlation between TMD (Temporomandibular Disorders) and different types of malocclusions in adult subjects and subsequently that between TMD and previous orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in San Paolo e Carlo Hospital, associates of the University of Milan, for a period of 2 years (1st February 2019 – 3rd March 2020), on 374 adult patients (244 females and 130 males). The subjects underwent an intraoral examination with a gnathological assessment, in order to distinguish those who suffered from TMD and those who did not. Secondly, the patients were subjected to orthodontic examination to identify those who had previously undergone orthodontic treatment, assessing through an extraoral and intraoral examination, the dental class, the type of dental bite and the presence or absence of a midline deviation. Results: The data analysis revealed a statistically significant association between TMD and gender (p= 0.023, OR= 1.66). The association between class I, II, III malocclusions and the presence of TMD was found to be statistically significant: p<0.0001 (OR= 4.04) and that between open/deep bite and the presence of TMD too: p= 0.003 (OR= 1.89). Moreover, the correlation between midline deviation and the presence of TMD was statistically significant: p<0.0001 (OR=7.48). On the other hand, no correlation was found between TMD and previous orthodontic treatment (p= 0.918). Conclusions: The available data revealed a statistically significant association between TMD and malocclusions, related to dental class and bite and midline deviation, although the existing results in the literature are controversial regarding this association. While no statistically significant correlation was found between TMD and previous orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic therapy, therefore, by correcting occlusion anomalies, could reduce the risk of TMD incidence. Finally, longitudinal studies with adequate statistical power are needed to clarify the possible interrelationships between TMD and malocclusions.

Skeletal-dental features in 33 bull terrier dogs

BackgroundThe Bull terrier breed has been reported in the veterinary literature to suffer frequent dental and skeletal malocclusions. In this retrospective case series, we report skeletal-dental anomalies in a group of 33 Bull terriers presented for a dental consultation.ResultsOut of 33 dogs examined, 24 cases had full mouth radiography or Cone-beam computed tomography performed. Eruption and development abnormalities observed were as follows: hypodontia in 54.1% (13/24), eruption changes in 29.2% (7/24), and tooth shape abnormalities in 33.3% (8/24). All dogs presented with some type of dental or skeletal malocclusion: neutroclusion was the most common (66.7% of the animals), followed by mandibular mesioclusion (18.8%), maxillo-mandibular asymmetry (9.4%), and mandibular distoclusion (6.3%). Dental abnormalities noted included rotation of mandibular and maxillary premolar teeth, distal displacement of the incisor teeth, lingual displacement of the mandibular canine teeth, and absence of mandibular premolar and molar teeth. Lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth was associated with malocclusion causing trauma (odds ratio 7.1, 95% confidence interval [1.4 to 36.1], p = 0.024).ConclusionsMalocclusions and tooth shape abnormalities were found to be the most frequent finding in this group of Bull terriers. Although these findings cannot be generalized to the global population further studies are needed to observe the true expression of these anomalies in the general breed population.

ANTERIOR CROSSBITE TREATMENT USING TONGUE BLADE IN EIGHT-YEARS-OLD CHILDREN VIA TELEDENTISTRY DURING PANDEMIC (PERAWATAN GIGITAN SILANG ANTERIOR MENGGUNAKAN TONGUE BLADE PADA ANAK USIA 8 TAHUN VIA TELEDENTISTRY DI MASA PANDEMI)

Anterior crossbite is a condition in which one or more of the upper front teeth are located lingually to the lower front teeth during centric occlusion. Dentistry involves close face-to-face interactions with patients, so during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been largely suspended. Teledentistry is a solution to continue the practice of dentistry during this pandemic. This case report describes an eight-year-old insecure boy who came with a complaint that his upper left front tooth had grown behind his lower front teeth since four months ago. The patient was diagnosed with Class 1 Angle malocclusion types 1 and 3. The patient education and instructions treatment used a tongue blade via teledentistry via video call. The consideration of using this treatment is due to a not ideal condition caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This technique was done one or two hours a day. The result was twenty-one tooth malocclusion was corrected. The result indicates by the twenty-one tooth position which has passed the mandibular incisor to the labial direction. The conclusion suggests that early treatment, in this case, is necessary to modify the growth direction to prevent further malocclusion. It is also concluded that Anterior crossbite treatment via teledentistry using a tongue blade gives significant results.

Relationship between Dental Occlusion and Maximum Tongue Pressure in Preschool Children Aged 4-6 Years.

Tongue function is regarded as a primary factor in the etiology of malocclusion, but details of the relationship remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate maximum tongue pressure, in preschool children to examine its relationship with dental occlusion. A total of 477 healthy children (248 boys, 229 girls, aged 4–6 years) were recruited. Dental occlusion was assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Maximum tongue pressure was measured using a balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device. Additionally, 72 children (37 boys, 35 girls, aged 4–5 years) were recruited for a 1-year follow-up study. Approximately half of the children (53.5%) showed some type of malocclusion in the present study. Maximum tongue pressure was highest in the 6-year-old children. The results of a two-way ANCOVA show that the effect of age was significant (p < 0.001); however, the effects of sex and dental occlusion, or the interactions among these variables, did not reach significance. Additionally, maximum tongue pressure increased significantly in the 1-year follow-up study (p < 0.001), especially in the normal occlusion group. Maximum tongue pressure increases markedly with growth in the preschool years and can be associated with some types of malocclusion in preschool children.

Alignment of rotated permanent maxillary central incisors with segmental orthodontics in mixed dentition: A case report

Segmental Orthodontics is an essential twig of Pediatric Orthodontics being practiced nowadays in growing children in mixed dentition worldwide. Early interception of malocclusion either involves full arch or a segment of arch to be treated for malocclusion; and when a segment is used, it is calculated as ‘Segmental Orthodontics’. It’s a simplified approach in interceptive orthodontics as it involves only a segment of few teeth which is more children friendly. The present case report displays derotation of maxillary central incisors in a male child with simplified segmental orthodontics in mixed dentition period. The results obtained were satisfactory and rapid. Therefore, this technique can be widely applied to treat such type of mixed dentition malocclusions.

Different realms of twin block- A review article

Malocclusions need to intercepted at an early developing stage to prevent severe disturbing outcomes. In all reported cases, Class II is one of the most common malocclusions that is seen which requires treatment using functional appliances as it presents with considerable difficulty in later stages. Twin block has the advantage of versatility of appliance designs and they meet a wide range of requirements for correction of various types of malocclusions for patients. The aim of this study is to include all modifications that could be incorporated in the appliance design to be customized to individual patients according to their need.

Relationship of Malocclusions with Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint in Children of CALI-Colombia.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of malocclusion with the presence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children. A clinical examination was performed in 87 patients (from 4 to 14 years of age) who attended the dentistry clinics of Universidad del Valle. The 77 patients studied had malocclusions; 55 patients had TMD and 67.3% were female. The most frequent symptom of TMD was articular unilateral noise with 33.8%, followed by pain in at least one masticatory muscle with 26%. TMJ pain was observed in 24.7% of the patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence and severity of TMD with type of dentition and transverse malocclusion, respectively. The presence of TMD in children with malocclusion presented in a high frequency. TMD depends on the type of dentition and its severity is dependent on transverse malocclusion.

Distribution and type of malocclusion treated by post graduate students in State Of Punjab

Malocclusion is one of the most prevalent oral pathologies, next only to dental caries and periodontal disease and usually ranked third among worldwide public health dental disease priorities. The prevalence of malocclusion has been reported to vary from place to place, henceforth, rational planning of orthodontic measures on a population basis is essential in assessing the resources required, to provide a good dental service. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate most prevalent type of malocclusion cases reporting to dental colleges. Methods- A cross sectional study was done using the google form-based questionnaire. Post graduates of dept. of orthodontics, who attended the PG Master course programme, from all the 8 dental colleges of Punjab, was asked to fill the form. Results and Discussion- Class II Div 1 malocclusion was the most common malocclusion both dentally and skeletally, seeking orthodontic treatment. The most common treatment strategy used nowadays fixed orthodontic therapy using MBT prescription. Among the use of Growth modification modalities, fixed functional appliances are more commonly used than myofunctional appliances, reason being more older age group seeking treatment. Conclusion- Among the three occlusal traits, Class II Div 1 was the most common occlusal trait present. Therefore, Post-graduates must be thoroughly trained to treat this type of malocclusion using different modalities of growth modification and orthopaedic appliances and general dentists must have enough knowledge about this malocclusion to diagnose it at a very early stage so that preventive or interceptive therapy can be started well in time.

Effect of socioeconomic, nutritional status, diet, and oral habits on the prevalence of different types of malocclusion in school-children.

Objective:Although there have been many reports on the prevalence of malocclusion, there is a paucity of data concerning factors associated with it. The present study aimed to study the effects of three environmental factors namely socio-economic status (SES), nutritional status, and oral habits on malocclusion.Material and Methods:A total number of 765 students [Low socio-economic status (LSS; 369 subjects) and High socio-economic status (HSS; 396 subjects)] based on Modified Kuppuswamy scale were examined within the age group of 13- 15 years amongst various government and private schools in Chandigarh, India. A survey questionnaire was filled up by the subjects, which was followed up with clinical examination using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI index). Additionally, the provisional diagnosis, retained, transposed teeth, and overbite were estimated.Results:The total prevalence of malocclusion in the population was 49.7%. The prevalence of malocclusion in LSS was found to be 42.90% and in HSS was 57.10% (P: 0.003). The mean DAI score in LSS was 26.011 and in HSS was 27.179. The mean DAI score in soft eaters was 29.527, average eaters was 26.369 and hard eaters was 26.410.Conclusion:The total prevalence of malocclusion in Chandigarh was 49.7%. Class I type 1 was the most prevalent type of malocclusion. Adolescents belonging to HSS had more malocclusion as compared to those belonging to LSS. Soft diet caused increased malocclusion. The present study highlighted the effect of diet pattern on the prevalence of malocclusion. (www.actabiomedica.it)

To Check the Reliability of Various Cephalometric Parameters used for Predicting the Type of Malocclusions and Growth Patterns.

Background:There are many different types of malocclusions that may result from the sagittal, vertical, or transverse deviations in normal craniofacial development. When it comes to orthodontic problems, malocclusions in the sagittal plane may have a considerable impact on a person's self-esteem as well as their ability to speak and eat properly. Sagittal anomalies in the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue systems may now be accurately diagnosed using a universally accepted standard lateral cephalogram (SLCE).Methods and Materials:The principal investigator manually traced the cephalograms, identified skeletal landmarks, and measured the following data. The ANB angle (normal range: 0° to 4°) is the angle framed by the point A, Nasion, and B. Estimated oppositely from point A and B on the functional occlusal plane, with Wits evaluation: AO-to-BO direct distance. AB plane angle : the angle formed by the AB and the Npog plane (normal range = -9° to 0°). Beta angle: the angle framed by the A-CB and AB lines, with a typical range of 27° to 35°. W angle: this is the angle created by the opposite line from M to the S-G line and the M-G line, with a typical range of 51 to 55 degrees. The angle of convexity: the angle between N-point A and A-Pog. (Normal range: -8.5 to 10 degree)Results:We utilised Pearson correlation to see how well the different skeletal studies correlated with one another. Wits and the ANB angle of convexity exhibited an excellent relationship with each other, with r = 0.831 and Downs angle of convexity (both r = 0.823 and P = 0.01) being statistically significant. This study used Kappa statistics to assess the degree of agreement between several cephalometric diagnostic criteria. The agreement between the ANB and final groups was strong (k = 0.802, P = 0.01).Conclusion:There was a strong link between all of the cephalometric measures. The cephalometric landmark and valid indication was determined to be the most dependable in evaluating malocclusion and development pattern.

ORTHODONTIC CAMOUFLAGE OF CLASS II DIVISION I WITH EXTRACTION OF UPPER PREMOLARS

Class II Division I is the commonest malocclusion found in orthodontic population and a deep overbite is frequently encountered along with it. Many protocols have been utilised in treating such type of malocclusion from removable to fixed appliances with or without extractions. This case report is about a 15-year-old female patient who came to the Department of Orthodontics with a prognathic maxilla and a retrognathic mandible with 11 mm overjet. The patient refused fixed functional treatment thus a upper premolar extraction camouflage treatment was done. The chief complaint of the patient was successfully addressed and overall good treatment results were obtained with improved facial profile and reduced overjet. Keywords: Class II Division I malocclusion, Deep bite, Camouflage

Modifikovana metoda direktnog postavljanja bravica za zube - efikasniji pristup ortodontske terapije - retrospektivna klinička studija

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the percentage of bond failures of placed brackets with a modified direct method in patients of both genders, different ages and malocclusion types during 12 months of initial bonding. Material and Methods: The retrospective clinical study covered the period from November 2019 to December 2022 and included thirty patients with an average age of 17.07±5.35 8 males,(average age 18.77±7.87), and 22 females, (average age 16.45±4.17) who met the criteria. A total of 600 brackets with a 0.022" slot size (Mini Sprint ® , Forestadent, Germany) were placed by a modified direct method using thin paste adhesive (Reliance Light Bond™, Itasca, USA) by one operator. The observation of bond failures lasted 12 months. Results: The total number of bond failures was 10 (1.67%), where eight patients (26,7%) experienced unwanted debonding. The number of failed brackets in relation to age and malocclusion did not show statistical significance. There was a clinical difference between the genders, in 18.2% of women and in 50% of men. Statistical significance in number of failed brackets was not significant (HR=0.343; 95% CI: 0.084-1.394; p=0.135). Conclusion: The modified direct bonding method did not show differences at the level of age, gender and type of malocclusion, but it can be one of the methods of choice during direct bonding.

A pre and post treatment comparison of class ii division 1 malocclusion cases treated with pre-adjusted edgewise appliances using the par index

PAR index provides a single summary score for all the occlusal anomalies and may be used for all types of malocclusions, treatment modalities and extraction/non extraction cases. The score provides an estimate of how far a case deviates from normal & the difference in score for pre & post – treated cases reflects the perceived degree of improvement & therefore the success of treatment. The aim of the study is to assess the success of treatment in class II Div. 1 cases by PAR index, treated in Department of Orthodontics, RUHS college of Dental Sciences Jaipur. Sample included 100 cases of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion treated with pre adjusted edgewise appliances which were divided into 2 groups, group A (extraction) and group B (non-extraction). The same were evaluated pre and post treatment.Material: Pre & Post treatment study models of selected cases, PAR index guidelines.Method-Class II Div. 1 pre treatment study models of patients were assessed by the PAR index and the deviation from the normal occlusion determined by the PAR index. A comparison of pre and post values in PAR index recorded. It serves as an indicator for correction achieved in malocclusion in post treatment cases.Results: Results showed significant pre and post treatment difference (p< 0.05) between group A and group B using PAR index, in terms of over jet and overbite.Conclusion: All the cases irrespective of extraction or non extraction mechanics showed significant overall improvement after treatment with pre adjusted edgewise appliance.

Prevalence and severity of TMD in orthodontic patients

Introduction. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term for numerous symptoms, with the most common being masticatory muscle pain, pain in temporomandibular joints, limited mouth opening, irregular jaw movements, headaches and sound effects in TMJ. The aim was to determine the prevalence and severity of TMD in orthodontic patients determining whether the type of malocclusion affects the prevalence and severity of TMD. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the form of Fonseca Anamnestic Index, which classifies TMD severity among examinees (no TMD, mild, moderate and severe TMD). The experimental group consisted of orthodontic patients with confirmed malocclusions, while the control group consisted of dental students with a Class I occlusion and no need for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic patients were classified into the three subgroups based on malocclusions. Results. In the experimental group, 45.03% of orthodontic patients had some degree of TMD, while among students, that percentage was 56.41%. Compared to Class I, higher percentage of TMD was found among patients with distal and mesial occlusion in experimental group. In the experimental and control groups, the greatest percentage of participants showed mild TMD. The prevalence of TMD was greater in females than in males in the experimental group. Conclusion. The high prevalence of TMD in the control group speaks in favor of its complex etiology, with stress having an important role. Malocclusion is one of many factors which can contribute to the occurrence and severity of TMD, but it cannot be considered the most significant.

Assessment of Palatal Throat Form in Lateral Cephalogram and its Correlation with the Skeletal Base and Facial Divergence: An Institutional Based Study

Background Along with peripheral seal, palatal throat form also has significant value to achieve good retention and stability of maxillary complete denture. The palatal throat form also determines the posterior extention of maxillary dentures and affects the comfortability of the patients.&#x0D; Objective To analyse the palatal throat form in a Nepalese population based on age, gender malocclusion and facial divergence.&#x0D; Method This study consisted of 300 randomly selected radiographs with a mean age of 21.46±5.62 years. Skeletal malocclusion in lateral palatal throat form outlines. Patient were also categorized according to different Schudy’s facial divergence angle (SNMP). The obtained data was tabulated based on the age, gender, palatal throat form, type of malocclusion and facial divergence. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the relation between variants of the soft palate and types of malocclusion in different gender groups.&#x0D; Result Proportion between palatal throat form and malocclusion found to be significant. There is no significant difference in proportion of different class of palatal throat form between genders. Whereas Class II palatal throat form found to be most common in all facial divergence.&#x0D; Conclusion It was observed that Class II malocclusion was most common among three types. The relation between palatal throat form and malocclusion, was found to be statistically significant.

Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Mixed Dentition of School Going Children of Dharan, Nepal

Introduction: Malocclusion can be defined as a mal-relation between the dental arches in any planes beyond the normal limits. With the rise in concern about good dental appearance, people compare it with success in different fields of life and are always willing to pursue the orthodontic treatment.&#x0D; Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs according to gender, race and age in mixed dentition of school going children of Dharan, Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 830 school children from 10 randomly selected schools from January 2017 to December 2017. The type of malocclusion was determined using a structured questionnaire and the orthodontic treatment need was calculated based on Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Chi-square test was used to test the associations.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusion was 49.11%, 11.43%, 4.03%, and 12.24%, respectively. Normal occlusion was found in 5.79% and 17.39% had asymmetry. The prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs was: 70.06% for slight or no need, 18.67% for elective need, 7.76% for highly desirable need, and 3.52% for mandatory need. Class I malocclusion was statistically significant for both Caucasians and Mongolians and among 8-year-old children (P≤0.001) whereas, 6-and-7-year-old children had no need for orthodontic treatment which was significant (P&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of malocclusion to be high with Class I being the most common and nearly one third in need for treatment as assessed by the DAI.

Indication and uses of temporary anchorage device in orthodontic

Treating various types of malocclusion is dependant on providing a secure anchorage. In this context, it has been shown that teeth, intramaxillary, and/or extraoral appliances are required to achieve favorable outcomes regarding anchorage treatment. A Temporary anchorage device (TAD) has been introduced in the literature in this context. It has been described as a temporary device that can be used after completing treatment. The aim of the study was to review the indications and uses of TADs in orthodontic treatment. The current evidence shows that introducing TADs in the field of orthodontic treatment has been associated with favorable outcomes that encountered the previous multiple challenges reported with the conventional anchorage approaches. Contemporary orthodontic settings reported various uses for TADs, including corrections in transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions. Combined use of TADs and conventional approaches were also evaluated with favorable outcomes. These findings indicate the validity of TADs in orthodontic treatment and call for its future implications and clinical applications. However, it should be noted that post-treatment evaluation on a long-term basis was not adequately reported in the current literature, indicating the need for future investigations for further validation.

Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing related to malocclusion in children

Sleep-disordered breathing is characterized by airway dysfunction that can occur in any age, but most prevalent in children, caused by the occurrence of respiratory effort, snoring or even by apnea during sleep. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of sleep disorders associated with malocclusion in children aged 3 to 12 years in Mineiros, State of Goiás, Brazil. Material and Methods: this is a field research with a sample of 99 children affected by some type of sleep-disordered breathing and malocclusions. Data were collected through a questionnaire about sleep-disordered breathing and a clinical record carried out through intraoral clinical examination. Results: among the 24 children with SDB, 17 had SDB and Malocclusion, which is 70.8% of the children had SDB associated with malocclusion. Of the 75 children without SDB, 11 (14.7%) had malocclusion. Conclusion: No significant differences were found between sleep-disordered breathing and sex-related malocclusions.

A Cephalometric Evaluation of Soft Tissue Following Maxillary Incisors Retraction

Background: Class 2 Division 1 is the most prevalent type of malocclusion affecting about 32% of Pakistani population. With upper maxillary premolar extraction is one of most frequent treatment choice. Aim: To evaluate the effects of these extractions on soft tissue show variable results depending upon the sex, ethnicity, maxillary arch crowding and pretreatment structure of lips. Methods: In this study pretreatment cephalograms of 106 Class 2 div 1 patients were taken whose treatment plan include extraction of maxillary 1st premolar. Then the second and final cephalograms were taken when retraction of incisors was completed. Mean changes in the position of upper and lower lip were measured with respect to Ricketts E-line before and after completion of retraction of maxillary incisors. Results: After the extraction of premolars there is a significant (P value=0.000) reduction in the lip protrusion of -2.033mm±1.148mm and -1.695mm±1.628mm in both upper and lower lip respectively. Conclusion: Extraction of maxillary premolars cause significant reduction of lip prominence and achieve facial esthetic balance. Keywords: Class 2 div 1, lip position, Premolar Extraction