Type Of Malocclusion Research Articles

Reliability of Point M as landmark for analysis of sagittal relation of maxilla

Most of the several cephalometric analyses used for the diagnosis of sagittal dysplasia, Point A is the most widely used indicator for ascertaining of maxillary position. By the virtue of difficulty in locating point A in many cases, alternative methods had been proposed for precise location of point A but there are only few studies on the reliability of these alternative points. Point M is one such indicator for evaluating the sagittal position of maxilla. The objective of this study is to measure and compare the reliability of point A and point M.Lateral cephalogram of 50 subjects (11-20 years) were included in the study consisting of all types of skeletal malocclusions. Point A and point M were identified by two different group of orthodontists. Linear and angular measurements through both the points were analysed and compared between the observers using interclass correlation. Interclass correlation coefficient of linear and angular parameters of point M was found to be higher than point A. Point M may be considered as more reliable alternative for point A in two dimensional cephalometric analysis.

Factors influencing treatment outcomes assessed by the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS)

BackgroundTreatment outcomes can be influenced by various factors. This study aimed to determine the association between predisposing patient- and treatment-related factors (demographic, cephalometric parameters, skeletal relationships, Discrepancy Index (DI), extractions, treatment type and duration) and treatment outcomes measures according to the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System index (ABO-OGS).MethodsCompleted cases (N = 100) were included in this cross-sectional study. One calibrated examiner assessed DI, pretreatment lateral cephalometric parameters and ABO-OGS. Patient data, including sex, age, types of malocclusion, extractions, treatment type, and duration, were also collected. Intraexaminer reliability for each measurement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficients. Multiple linear regression analysis, using the backward elimination method with a significance level (α) of 0.05, was used to determine which factors significantly influenced the ABO-OGS score.ResultsFrom the study, the overall mean ABO-OGS score was 11.36 points. Factors influencing the ABO-OGS score were pretreatment Wits values (p value = .000), L1-NB (°) (p value = .023) and treatment duration (p value = .019). Subjects with lower negative values of Wits and L1-NB (°) tended to have higher ABO-OGS scores. Additionally, the ABO-OGS score tended to be higher for subjects with longer treatment times.ConclusionsThe majority of treated subjects had satisfactory orthodontic treatment outcomes assessed by the ABO-OGS. The pretreatment severity of skeletal discrepancies determined by the Wits parameter, the degree of retroclined lower incisors and longer treatment duration negatively impacted the treatment outcomes.

Clinical use of clear aligner in Class I malocclusion

Orthodontics is one of the increasingly popular dental specialties. With the driving force in technology and the development of materials, nowadays, straightening options is more predictable with clear aligner, it helps to improve the problems of malocclusion more possibly and more comfortably. It is known as a highly aesthetic orthodontic appliance, which is near-invisible, enhances oral hygiene as well as comfort during treatment. Invisalign is one of the pioneers in clear aligners, that’s why clear aligners is warmly welcomed all over the world and particularly in Vietnam. In this article, we report two cases of comprehensive treatment with clear aligner from Invisalign within 18 months, under the support of artificial intelligence to plan tooth movement through Clincheck© software. The aim is to present the efficacy of the latest orthodontic therapy, and to offer patients more treatment options in correcting various types of malocclusion.

Morphological characteristics of mandibular symphysis in different types of vertical malocclusions

Introduction: Regular or irregular vertical development of the facial skeleton is connected to multiple skeletal groups: nasomaxillary complex, alveolar processes and mandible. There is a significant correlation between the incisal rates and maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar height, symphysis size, maxillary and mandibular surface. Also, a connection exists between the size of the mandibular symphysis, the chin and the vertical dimension and morphological and dentoalveolar structure of both jaw systems. Determination of this connection can be useful in predicting the treatment success in overbite problems.

Measurement and evaluation of maximum opening capacity and oral health conditions in individuals with cerebral palsy

Neuromuscular problems, inherent to cerebral palsy (CP), significantly affect the oral health of these individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the relationship between motor impairment conditions and oral health conditions and TMJ amplitude in individuals with CP. The methodology was based on an evaluative process with extra and intra-oral clinical examination carried out on individuals with CP, who were divided into two groups, according to the condition, according to the GMFCS classification. Given the results obtained, it can be concluded that in both groups analyzed, the Angle class II type of dental malocclusion and the parafunctional habit of tongue interposition had a higher prevalence. The average maximum mouth opening was 29.92 mm, with a slightly significant reduction for the group with greater and lesser neurological involvement. Both groups evaluated presented a moderate prevalence rate of dental caries, with no significant difference between them.

Changes in Gait Parameters and the Podal System Depending on the Presence of a Specific Malocclusion Type in School-Age Children

Background: The correspondence between various aspects of human postural parameters and the spatial relation of the jaws is of increasing interest among scientists. Emerging research suggests that the stomatognathic system and posture play, in a broad sense, significant roles. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between various malocclusion types and gait parameters, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and body balance. Methods: The study involved 155 patients aged 12-16. The subjects were divided into groups according to their malocclusion—Angle’s class II (n = 32), Canine class II (n = 31), and Overbite (n = 46). The control group (n = 46) comprised children not demonstrating any defects. The study data were collected by direct observation of the oral cavity. Gait analysis was carried out using the Wiva® Science sensor, and the distribution of foot forces on the ground and body balance was determined via the E.P.S R/1 pedobarographic mat. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was applied for statistical analysis. Results: Analysis of the results obtained showed statistically significant differences in left step duration (p = 0.042) and the duration of the right step (p = 0.021), as well as the projection of the body’s center of gravity on the left foot (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Distoocclusion in the anterior part of the mandible may cause different positioning of the head and neck, as well as varying tension of the muscles, further leading to balance disorders while walking.

Evaluation of occlusal bite force distribution by T-Scan in orthodontic patients with different occlusal characteristics: a cross sectional-observational study

BackgroundThe aim of orthodontic treatment, apart from esthetic and functional corrections, is uniform force distribution. Hence Occlusal analysis using a T scan gives scope for a precisely targeted treatment plan. The T-scan evaluation of occlusal force, time, and location of contacts from initial occlusal contact to maximum intercuspation enables the orthodontist to sequentially balance the occlusal forces on the right and left sides through specific treatment plan options.ObjectiveThe current study aimed to determine the force distribution in the different individuals by using a T-Scan as well as the net discrepancies of forces generated at a maximum intercuspation position in the first molar region between the left and right sides of the mouth.MethodsThis is a descriptive-correlational study that was carried out in Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences clinics and Ajman University clinics from January 2020 to September 2022 by using the convenience sampling technique. The T-scan III Novus was employed in this investigation to record multi-bite scans for several patients. T-scan was utilised to examine various malocclusions.ResultsThe present study consisted of 158 participants. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between the three types of malocclusions (I, II, and III) on the right molar side (B-16 and B-46) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the overall discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the three types of malocclusion classifications (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between B-26 and B-36 (p > 0.05). Post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between malocclusion classes I and III on the right molar, with a mean difference of 4.11190 (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in B-46 between Malocclusion Classes I and II, 4.01806 (p < 0.05). Additionally, post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference between malocclusion classes I and III, with a mean difference of -4.79841 (p < 0.05) on the right molar.ConclusionThe T-Scan is a useful tool for assessing occlusal discrepancies and can be helpful during treatment planning and follow-up, especially for orthognathic surgery patients. A T-scan could be used in orthodontic therapy in a simple and efficient way. Also, it turned out to be a useful tool for diagnosing problems and gave us new information about how therapies work. In this study, T-Scan showed that it can measure occlusal forces in timing in an objective, accurate, and repeated manner. The current study found that T-Scan was better able to report the difference in the percentage of force on the right molar side than on the left side.

Outcome measures of the surgery first approach for orthognathic correction of dentofacial deformities

In the surgery-first approach (SFA), orthognathic surgery is performed without the need for presurgical orthodontic treatment. This study was aimed at assessing the treatment durations and occlusal outcomes for a consecutive cohort of patients, with a range of dentofacial deformities, who had completed orthognathic treatment using SFA. The duration of orthognathic treatment was measured. The overall change in occlusion, and the quality of the final occlusion, were evaluated using the patients’ study casts. A single, independent, calibrated operator carried out the occlusal scores, using the validated Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. This was repeated to test intraoperator reliability. A total of 51 patients completed surgery-first treatment during the study period. The mean (range) age at surgery was 23.3 (15–47) years. The pre-treatment skeletal jaw relationship was Class III in 39 cases, and Class II in 12 cases. The mean (SD) overall treatment duration was 11.7 (5.7) months. The intraexaminer reliability of assessing the occlusion was high. The PAR scores confirmed a significant improvement in the quality of occlusion at the completion of treatment, which compares favourably with previous studies on the conventional orthodontics-first approach. The surgery first approach can be effective at correcting both Class II and Class III malocclusion types with reduced treatment times.

Gender Dimorphism of Skeletal Measurements and Dental Angle Classification in Orthodontic Patients.

The present study aimed to evaluate gender dimorphism of the skeletal and dental angles and measurements among different types of malocclusions in the Population of Jizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Cephalometric data were retrieved from the archived records of 272 dental patients, comprising 134 males and 138 females. Skeletal and dental malocclusions in both the sub-groups were digitally studied. The measurement reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to evaluate the difference in skeletal and dental parameters between genders. The Chi-square test was done to determine the difference in malocclusion patterns amongst the gender. Statistical significance was noted in dental malocclusion (p-value = 0.003) and facial height, with females having a steeper mandible plan than males. The Sella-nasion-Nasion-Vertical line angles were reported high in females with no statistical significance. Linear cephalometric values were measured higher in males than females, whereas angular values and facial height parameters were lower in females than male. Within the limitation of this study, it could be concluded that there is a prominent difference measured in facial profiles of males and females with higher facial height in males. Clinical significance and limitations: These clinical outcomes will help orthodontists to analyze the accurate base angles and points to draft proper treatment plans considering the variation in the profile of males and females.

PREVALENCE OF DENTAL ANOMALIES OF CLASS II, SUBCLASS 2 IN CHILDREN DURING THE PERIOD OF MIXED DENTITION

Distal malocclusion is the only type of malocclusion that requires urgent treatment as soon as possible before maxillary discrepancy occurs. The incidence in the population varies around 45%, depending on age, racial group and types of distal malocclusion studied. We studied the frequency of occurrence of distal occlusion and its varieties among 20 children and adolescents with dental anomalies aged 6-13 years. Determining the types of such a complex anomaly as distal occlusion allows for more thorough treatment planning and positive, lasting results.

Major deleterious oral habits: a brief systematic review

Introduction: The deleterious habits in children, in the deciduous dentition phase, seem to be present in more than half of the child population, reaching rates greater than 90%, depending on the population studied, and dentofacial alterations may already be present in half of these individuals. Early identification is essential so that malocclusions, which are more difficult to treat, do not set in. Objective: It was to carry out a brief systematic review to highlight deleterious oral habits, as well as to point out their main predictors and treatments. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from April to June 2023 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 87 articles were found. A total of 32 articles were evaluated in full and 16 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 6 studies with a high risk of bias and 43 studies that did not meet GRADE. Since pediatric follow-up is more frequent than consultations with the pediatric dentist, the early identification of deleterious habits by physicians is of fundamental importance in referring these patients to dental treatment that diagnoses and removes these habits, before difficult-to-resolve malocclusions get settled. Preventive measures should also be taken, guiding parents so that deleterious oral habits do not take hold, such as a minimum period of six months of breastfeeding, finger sucking should be replaced by an orthodontic pacifier, the bottle should have an orthodontic spout, removing the habit of pacifier and bottle until the age of three. There is an association between deleterious habits and different types of malocclusions in different planes of space, with atypical swallowing being a habit that must be diagnosed early.

Complications and Associated Risk Factors for Bimaxillary Osteotomies: A 15-Year Single-center Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the risk factors and their association on bimaxillary osteotomies to be able to improve patient selection and bimaxillary osteotomy planning. Patients treated with a bimaxillary osteotomy were included in the study. The complications were collected retrospectively from the patient data records. The effects of certain predictor variables on complication rates were also studied. Sixty-one patients (48.0%) suffered from peri- or postoperative complications, or both. Twenty-five various perioperative complications were reported on 25 patients (19.6%) and 63 postoperative complications on 46 patients (36.2%). Ten patients (7.8%) suffered from both perioperative and postoperative complications. The effect of various predictor variables (sex, age, general health, type of malocclusion, surgery planning, use of bone grafts, and type of maxillary or mandibular movement) on complications was investigated, but we could not find any single factor to affect significantly on complication rate. Both perioperative and postoperative complications are common in bimaxillary surgery, which must be noted in patient preoperative information. However, life-threatening complications are rare. Patient profile, bone grafting, type of osteosynthesis, or segmentation of the maxilla do not seem to affect the complication risk.

Development of Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction Model for Evaluation of Maxillary Arch Growth in Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are the most common congenital craniofacial deformities that can cause a variety of dental abnormalities in children. The purpose of this study was to predict the maxillary arch growth and to develop a neural network logistic regression model for both UCLP and non-UCLP individuals. This study utilizes a novel method incorporating many approaches, such as the bootstrap method, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network, and ordinal logistic regression. A dataset was created based on the following factors: socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender, as well as cleft type and category of malocclusion associated with the cleft. Training data were used to create a model, whereas testing data were used to validate it. The study is separated into two phases: phase one involves the use of a multilayer neural network and phase two involves the use of an ordinal logistic regression model to analyze the underlying association between cleft and the factors chosen. The findings of the hybrid technique using ordinal logistic regression are discussed, where category acts as both a dependent variable and as the study's output. The ordinal logistic regression was used to classify the dependent variables into three categories. The suggested technique performs exceptionally well, as evidenced by a Predicted Mean Square Error (PMSE) of 2.03%. The outcome of the study suggests that there is a strong association between gender, age, and cleft. The difference in width and length of the maxillary arch in UCLP is mainly related to the severity of the cleft and facial growth pattern.

Advansync2 Current Trend for Correction of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: A Case Study

The most frequent skeletal discrepancy seen across all age groups is class II malocclusions, which account for roughly 15-20% of orthodontic procedures. The most frequent type of malocclusion, Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion, is challenging to treat, especially when an underlying skeletal misalignment is present. For the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion brought on by retrognathic mandible, different fixed functional appliances have been developed over the years by various authors. The molar-to-molar appliance, also known as Advansync2 (Ormco Co, Glendora, Calif.), has lately been employed successfully among the fixed functional appliances available for class II correction. This fixed tooth-born functional appliance has the benefit of enabling the use of fixed orthodontic therapy simultaneously. As a result, the length of the entire treatment can be shortened. We provide two case reports of patients who used the Advansync2 class II corrector and describe the skeletal and dentoalveolar abnormalities that were noticed as a result of the treatment. The observed outcomes were equivalent to those of the majority of fixed functional equipment, although in every instance, the treatment time was greatly shortened.

Lip Prints as an Early Indicator of Different Malocclusions

ntroduction: The goal of the current investigation was to see if there was any correlation between skeletal malocclusions and lip print patterns. Settings and Design: Hospital based, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Meterials and Methods: The study was conducted on 120 subjects, divided into 3 groups Skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III based on ANB angle, Beta angle, and Wits. For the assessment of lip print patterns, they were classifi ed according to the Tsuchihashi classification system. Statistical analysis: The chi-square test was used to study diff erences in the groups. Results: It was noted that the most prevalent lip pattern was Type I while; the least was the Type V pattern. A Type III lip pattern was absent. There was a signifi cant correlation between Type I lip pattern and Skeletal Class III malocclusion. Also, there were signifi cant gender diff erences in lip print patterns in skeletal class I malocclusion with no diff erences in skeletal class II and class III malocclusion. Conclusion: Lip prints can be a useful aid in predicting the type of skeletal malocclusion as they develop early in life, therefore, can be successfully used for preventative and interceptive orthodontic procedures. Hence, lip prints can be used as early detectors of skeletal malocclusions. Key Messages: Since the craniofacial skeleton and lips print both develop at the same embryonic stage, developmental variables that result in malocclusions may also be refl ected in the lip print patterns.

The relationship between different levels of facial attractiveness and malocclusion perception: an eye tracking and survey study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of facial attractiveness and the perception of different types of malocclusion.MethodsA preliminary questionnaire was used to assign photographs of three female patients to low, moderate, and high facial attractiveness designations. Seven modified photographs for each smile photograph of each of these three patients were created. The evaluated photographs were as follows: P0: at rest position, P1: ideal smile, P2: − 2-mm (low) smile line, P3: + 4-mm gummy smile, P4: + 6-mm gummy smile, P5: maxillary anterior crowding, P6: median diastema, P7: polydiastema. An eye tracking device and a questionnaire were used to collect data from orthodontists, dentists, orthodontic patients, and laypeople.ResultsTotal fixation duration varied depending on the type of malocclusion, the level of facial attraction, and the participants’ occupations. In general, orthodontists and dentists had higher total fixation duration scores than orthodontic patients and laypersons. The maxillary anterior crowding photograph had the lowest visual analysis scale score at each attractiveness level (low, medium, and high). Visual analysis scale scores became similar at each attractiveness level only in the P4 photographs, and thus the difference in facial attractiveness disappeared.ConclusionWhile a worsening of the ideal smile had a smaller impact on aesthetic perceptions in an individual with low facial attractiveness, it had a significant negative impact on a person with high facial attractiveness. Anterior crowding and diastema had a more negative impact on facial attractiveness than low or high smile lines.

ОЦЕНКА ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ И ОКРУЖАЮЩИХ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АНОМАЛИЯМИ ОККЛЮЗИИ В САГИТТАЛЬНОЙ ПЛОСКОСТИ ПО ДАННЫМ КОНУСНО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ

The relationship between facial morphology and upper airway (UA) dimensions is well established in scientific literature. Due to that, upper airway assessment is an important step of orthodontic treatment planning and diagnosis. Three-dimensional cone-beam computer tomography analysis (CBCT) of upper airway is simple and readily available method of measuring linear and angular parameters, cross-sectional area, and volume of the UA. &#x0D; The aim of the study is to measure the UA and surrounding tissue dimensions in patients with different types of sagittal malocclusion. 63 CBCT scans of adult patients without history of trauma, orthodontic treatment and congenital syndromes, diagnosed with distal, mesial, and normal occlusion have been studied using Materialise Mimics 21.0. Three-dimensional models of UA were created, and measurements of volume and cross-sectional area were taken using centerline and conventional cephalometric analysis. Non-parametric statistical correlational analysis was conducted.&#x0D; There were statistically significant differences between patients with mesial and distal occlusion. Moderate statistically significant correlations between facial morphology and UA dimensions have been found. In patients with distal occlusion, extended head position, posterior position of the hyoid bone, transverse maxillary and mandibular deficiency UA tend to have smaller size. The most predictive factor for minimal cross-sectional area of UA is the craniocervical angle and the distance between mandibular condyles.

Relationship Between Craniocervical Posture and Vertical Face Pattern in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion

Objectives: To evaluate the cervical inclination and craniocervical posture (CCP) in a sample of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with different vertical patterns among adult population in Lahore. Methods: A total of 70 adult skeletal Class II division 1 cases (ANB0 &gt; 4) with Dental Class II malocclusion (molar relation half cusp or full cusp Class II) and Overjet &gt; 5mm, were enrolled in this study. Clinical examination and lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position were traced to classify the malocclusion, determine vertical pattern and evaluation of craniocervical posture Results: Results of the study showed that extended craniocervical posture (forward cervical inclination with backward head rotation) was found in 47.1 % of the study group and was significantly correlated to the vertical pattern of the face (r = 0.496, p =0.000). This indicated that the CCP is not only related to sagittal craniofacial relations but also vertical pattern of the face and as the vertical pattern of face increased the cervical spine inclined forward and the head rotated backwards on spine. Flexed head posture was found to be the least prevalent. Subjects with high vertical pattern of facial development had extended CCP whereas subjects with normal vertical pattern mainly had normal CCP Conclusion: Results of this study suggest a significant relationship between Type of malocclusion and craniocervical posture. There was a moderately strong relationship between vertical pattern of the patient and cervical inclination and craniocervical posture which was highly significant.

Determination of Bolton’s Ratio in Different Malocclusions of the Western Region of Saudi Arabian Population: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Bolton’s ratio is a useful tool in orthodontic studies which helps determine the ratio of dental proportions. It is considered the 7th key to normal occlusion. Variations in different malocclusions can aid in diagnosis and planning the treatment. This study determines Bolton’s overall and anterior ratios for male individuals with different classes of malocclusion in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Ninety-six study model records were obtained from male patients attending the Orthodontic division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. The participants’ average age was 19.6 years. The study models were divided into three categories: Angle’s Class 1 (n=40), Angle’s Class 2 (n=36), and Angle’s Class 3 (n=20). To prevent bias, one of the authors measured the study casts using the ORTHOASSISTANT software program at two different time intervals. Intergroup differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the overall ratio between the three types of malocclusions. However, class 2 and 3 malocclusions demonstrated significant differences in the anterior ratio. Both overall and anterior ratios in this population were higher than normal Bolton’s ratios. Conclusions: Bolton’s overall ratio did not differ significantly between various malocclusions, but Bolton’s anterior ratio did show significant differences between Class 2 and Class 3 malocclusion groups. This highlights the importance of orthodontists’ appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning in such cases.

Prevalence of malocclusion in Turkish children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nationwide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in the Turkish population. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was supplemented by manual searches of Google Scholar and the reference lists of included studies. Original Turkish health studies of any age were included. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessed study quality and bias (STROBE). Sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion features were retrieved and gathered. Elevenstudies were selected from 434 titles. Two studies showeda high risk of bias, eight lowand one moderate. Thirteen thousand two hundred seventy-one individuals were investigated from early childhood to late adulthood. Most studies were sampled from universities and dental (nonorthodontic) clinics. The pooled malocclusion prevalence was 56% for Class I (95% confidence interval (CI): 44-68%), 31% for Class II (CI: 6-42%), and 11% for Class III (CI: 21-37%). The other common types of malocclusions were crowding (41%, CI: 18-65%), overjet (34%, CI: 21-50%), negative overjet (13%, CI: 7-20%), and crossbite (11%, CI: 7-15%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in Class I (relative risk [RR] = 1.00, [0.96-1.05]), Class II ([RR] = 0.97, [0.92-1.03]), and Class III ([RR] = 1.08, [0.96-1.225]) malocclusion by gender. This study showed Class I malocclusion has a high prevalence among the Turkish population followed by Class II and Class III malocclusions. In addition, crowding and overjet were the most prevalent malocclusions among Turkish individuals. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of malocclusions between males and females.