Interior Type Research Articles

Colour semantics in residential interior architecture on different interior types

AbstractColour meaning is a challenging decision in interior architecture during the design process; however, specific meanings within different interior types have not yet been investigated. This study explored colour meaning in the context of residential interior types (eg, bedroom) under controlled conditions using 42 Munsell colours varying in hues, value, and chroma levels, with 14 adjectives (eg, comfortable, pleasant). The results demonstrate that some colours convey the same meanings (eg, vulgar) regardless of type of room; however, others (eg, beautiful) tend to require more complicated and sophisticated colour applications in different residential interiors. The study findings proved that colour meaning in RITs can be affected by all colour attributes. All colours that are named orange and red are selected for both negative and positive meanings. Colours that are named purple are selected less and only for negative connotations. The findings present an overall colour meaning guide for these residential interior types, which will be beneficial for decision makers (interior architects, designers, users) and colour researchers.

Analysis of Hygrothermal Microclimatic (HTM) Parameters in Specific Food Storage Environments in Slovakia.

The quality of work environment, temperature changes and humidity must be controlled in every production process and in the locations where employees are present. The aim of this paper is to objectively assess the exposure of employees to microclimatic factors of the workplace environment: the warehouse, changing rooms, office and cold room refrigerator. Data were obtained in real working conditions. The heat stress due to cold and heat exposure in the individual locations was evaluated using the WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) indicator. The parameters of the hygrothermal microclimate (HTM) were objectified by a QUES Temp 44/46 T spherical thermometer. The measurements were performed both in cold and hot periods of the year. The measurements confirmed standard temperatures for individual types of interiors in the winter period, but in the summer period there was a variability of results, leading to the thermal discomfort of employees. The assessment of the WBGT index revealed that nearly 80% of employees are susceptible to hypothermia as a result of thermal stress conditions. It was proven that the temperatures measured by a spherical thermometer in the hottest room were 8.62% higher than the calculated operating temperature, while the difference in the cold room refrigerator was only 1.28% higher.

The Cauchy 5 Small, Low‐Volume Lunar Shield Volcano: Evidence for Volatile Exsolution‐Eruption Patterns and Type 1/Type 2 Hybrid Irregular Mare Patch Formation

AbstractThe lunar shield volcano Cauchy 5, sitting at the low diameter‐height‐volume end of the population, is the only known example containing two different types of Irregular Mare Patches (IMPs) in very close association: (1) the pit crater interior Type 1 IMP composed of bleb‐like mounds surrounded by a hummocky and blocky floor unit and (2) Type 2 IMPs, small, often optically immature pits less than ~5 m deep, located on the generally block‐deficient shield flanks. A four‐phase lunar magma ascent/eruption model predicts that during a relatively brief eruption, low magma rise rates maximize volatile exsolution in lava filling the pit crater. Bubble‐rich magmas overtop the pit crater and form extremely vesicular flows on the shield flanks. Exposure of the flanking flows to vacuum produces a fragmental layer of exploded glassy bubble walls. Subsequent second boiling upon cooling of the flanking flow interiors releases additional volatiles which migrate and collect, forming magmatic foams and gas pockets. As magma rise rates slow, trapped gas and magmatic foam build up below the cooling pit crater floor. Magmatic foams are extruded to form Type 1 IMP deposits. Type 2 IMPs on the flanks are interpreted to be due primarily to subsequent impacts causing collapse of the flow surface layer into the extremely vesicle‐ and void‐rich flow interior. Anomalously young pit crater floor/shield flank crater retention ages compared with surrounding maria ages may be due to effects of Cauchy 5 substrate characteristics (extreme micro‐ and macroporosity, foamy nature, and glassy auto‐regolith) on superposed crater formation and retention.

Use of microhabitats affects butterfly assemblages in a rural landscape

Landscapes composed of small rural properties may support highly heterogeneous habitat, because they often support distinct types of land uses adjacent to surrounding forest fragments. Many butterfly species may benefit from this kind of landscape, as very distinct microhabitats can be found in a very restricted spatial scale. To better understand how different microhabitats are related to fragmentation in rural landscapes the present study collected the butterfly fauna in 18 sampling point sites, representing distinct types of forest edges and forest interiors. Although closely located, these sites showed no spatial autocorrelation. Instead, a major distinction in species richness and composition was found among forest interior and edge habitats while no significant difference was found in species composition among distinct edge habitats. Therefore, the high segregation of butterfly assemblages found in a very restricted geographic scale suggests the presence of two different groups of butterflies that respond independently to forest fragmentation, the forest interior assemblages and forest edge assemblages. This distinction of butterfly assemblages related to forest interior and forest edges were already reported, but our results highlights that these differences are found mostly due to species turnover between those habitats. In other words, both microhabitat types present a high number of specialized species compared to a smaller fraction of generalist species that may occurs in both microhabitats. Althoug, in the case of Atlantic Forest the species of special conservation concern are those true specialized in forest interior habitats and not those specialized in forest edges, the present study corroborates the importance of sampling different microhabitats when studying fragmentation processes, both inside and outside of fragments. Although forest edges may present different kinds of habitat types, species present along border tend to be as heterogeneous as species present in different locations inside the forest. This information should be considered in sampling designs of biodiversity essays that focus on a more consistent representation of local diversity.

Reappraisal on Depositional Environments of Glaciogenic Talchir Sediments around Savarla Village from Bandar Basin, Chandrapur District, Central India

ABSTRACT The present study brings out the reappraisal of mode of depositional conditions of the Talchir sediments from Savarla village of Bandar Basin, Chandrapur district of Maharashtra. These sediments correspond to four lithofacies namely, (i) basal massive diamictite (bmd), (ii) stratified diamictite and sandstones (sds), (iii) medium- to fine-grained sandstones (mfs) and (iv) siltstones-shale. The bmd facies characterizing laterally discontinuous, unstratified and matrix- to clast-supported sediments represent the continental tills. The sds facies corresponding to melting of glaciers at outwash plains reveal the decrease in the boulder and cobble clasts and increase in pebble clasts. The mfs facies associated with the very thin, fine-grained sand and varves represent glacio-lacustrine depositional conditions with suitably developed still water bodies and even ice-dammed lakes. The petrographic characteristics of these sediments, which bring out textural immaturity and depiction of QFR triangular diagram, divulge interior type of continental block provenance with cold-arid palaeoclimate. The microtextures like high relief, conchoidal breakage pattern, arc shaped steps, semi parallel steps, globular protuberances as well as striations along with ‘v’ shaped indentations noted from SEM photomicrograph clearly point out towards the glaciogenetic influence.

Sorokin’s Amitology and Lewis’s Four Loves:Integrating Scientific and Artistic Imaginations

Taking Mangone and Dolgov’s 2019 article on Pitirim Sorokin’s “altruistic creative love” as a point of departure, I argue that Sorokin’s scientific approach could be further developed by linking it with work expressing an esthetic, artistic perspective. To illustrate, I compare Sorokin’s treatment of love, altruism, and amitology with writings by British author Clive Staples (“C.S.”) Lewis, especially The Four Loves (1960). I also draw on selected autobiographical and biographical sources, in order to illumine the development of distinctive scientific and artistic sensibilities in the two writers. In contrast to Sorokin’s application of a scientific frame of reference, including abstract variables, measurement strategies, and causal analysis, Lewis offers a treatment grounded in personal experience that has affinities with “thick description” in the social sciences, as well as auto-ethnography and Kurt Wolff’s phenomenological method of “surrender and catch.” The scientific frame yields a more detached, external knowledge, whereas the artistic produces a more immediate, interior type of knowing. I conclude that combining scientific and artistic understandings of love would accomplish part of the ambitious program that Sorokin called Integralism, while also contributing to the project of creating a “positive” sociology that Mangone and Dolgov advocate.

The Field Study of Forestation on Man-made filled slopes along Nagasaki Expressway

The purpose of this paper is to unveil the influence of forestation on revegetation. Investigations of vegetation have been conducted on the forest of Man-made filled slopes along Nagasaki expressway. The investigation places along expressway were divided into evergreen broad-leaved forest and mixture forest. As for the layered structure of ligneous species in the forest along expressway, after ten years, it became forest mainly composed of the third layer. And after 25-30 years, it became forest mainly composed of the second layer. As for the places that planted at the construction of expressway, the cover rate of natural ligneous species was low at higher layer. The result suggested that the planted trees took dominant rate in the revegetation. In comparison with outside forests of the expressway, there was the characteristic that the number of plant species per 1,000m2was fewer than the forest edge type, and was similar to forest interior type. It indicated that the forestation controlled increase in the plant species. Additionally, the result showed that the relative illumination and the cover rate of undergrowth vegetation varied according to the type of forestation. The estimation showed higher correlation with approximately 82%. It was approximately 66% with climbing plants.

Influence of the vertical grouting in the interface between corbel and beam in beam-to-column connections of precast concrete structures – An experimental analysis

The study of the connection between the elements in precast concrete structures is especially important since the performance of a structural system is directly related to such connections. In this context, an experimental study is presented to investigate structural behavior of a type of semi-rigid interior beam-to-column connection. The type of investigated connection is formed by a precast concrete beam supported on a precast concrete column corbel with the use of grout filling and bending continuity reinforcement bars crossing the column. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of vertical interface grout filling between the corbel and the beam on the behavior of this type of connection, when it is subjected to negative bending moment. Tests on four specimens were performed: two ones with vertical interface grout filling between the corbel and the beam and two ones without grout filling. The experimental results shown resistance adequate flexural strength capacity of the connections, which exhibited ultimate loads higher than the estimated by usual design of reinforced concrete sections. It was noticed that the vertical interface grout filling contributed to increase in rotational flexural stiffness and flexural strength capacity of the connections, around 5.05 times and 1.4 times, respectively, when compared to the connections without grout filling.

Properties of leaves particleboard for sheathing application

Manufacturing particleboard (PB) made of leaves was carried out to make non-structural building components, such as insulation, partition, wall, and sheathing. Raw materials used dry leaves originated from plantation (palm oil leaves) and forest plantation (magahony leaves). The adhesive used was interior type thermosetting commercial resins, namely 10% urea-formaldehyde (UF) based on oven dry leaves. Hardener used for UF resin was 1% and 3% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) 20% (w/w), respectively. Technically, the target density of PB was 0.8 g/cm3 with the dimension’s size of (250 x 250 x 10) mm3. The pressure, temperature, and time of pressing of the hot press were 25 kgf/cm2, 120C, and 10 minutes, respectively. After conditioning for one week, the PB then was evaluated their physical and mechanical properties according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 (2003). Results of this work showed: 1) Both types of PB (palm oil and mahagony leaves) were feasible to be produced for non-structural applications; 2) Addition of hardener enhanced the physical and mechanical properties of PB; 3) It was recommended to enhance the performance of the PB by manipulation of the raw materials and the design.

Contractual Design in Agency Problems with Non-Monotonic Cost and Correlated Information

We model an agency relationship in which the agent's cost is non-monotonic with respect to type and the type is correlated with a public ex-post signal. The principal can use lotteries to exploit the type-signal correlation within the limit of the agent's liability. We establish conditions for first-best implementation, highlighting two effects on contractual design. First, the structure of the optimal lottery varies across types and, for each type, it depends on whether the cost is U shaped or reverse U shaped with respect to type. Second, as compared to the case of monotonic cost, the design of incentive compatible lotteries is easier when the cost is U shaped, more difficult when the cost is reverse U shaped. The root of the second effect is that incentives are non-monotonic either below or above some interior types. The two effects involve that non-monotonicity is unfavorable to the principal when the cost is reverse U shaped. This conclusion is at odds with the wisdom, concerning settings without correlated information, that non-monotonicity, which triggers countervailing incentives, enhances contracting.

Australian Palawa Buildings: Rethinking Interiors and Their Representation

Australian Tasmanian Aboriginal building typologies challenge preconceived notions of what constitutes an interior. This challenge is due to the range of interior–types that are represented by Tasmanian Aboriginal buildings, ranging from windbreaks to full dome buildings. These building typologies require a rethinking of interiors to take place. This article provides an introduction to Tasmanian Aboriginal, or palawa, buildings and their associated interior spaces. The notion of interior is discussed through a framework of interiority. This is presented as a means to engage with the condition of interior–“ness,” which may exist beyond the enclosed or internal space demarcated by a building. This expansion of the definition of interior allows for a broader spectrum of interior expressions to be explored. In addition to the paper's purpose to expand conceptions of interior space, how these conceptions of interior space are perpetuated is also explored. This is revealed through a discussion of how palawa buildings are represented in the historic literature from which knowledge of these buildings is derived. Language is explored as a means through which recorded observations of buildings have acted as critiques, operating referentially to the culture of the observer.

A simplified model of dynamic interior cooling load evaluation for office buildings

Predicted cooling load is a valuable tool for assessing the operation of air-conditioning systems. Compared with exterior cooling load, interior cooling load is more unpredictable. According to principle components analysis, occupancy was proved to be a typical factor influencing interior cooling loads in buildings. By exploring the regularity of interior disturbances in an office building, a simplified evaluation model for interior cooling load was established in this paper. The stochastic occupancy rate was represented by a Markov transition model. Equipment power, lighting power and fresh air were all related to occupancy rate based on time sequence. The superposition of different types of interior cooling loads was also considered in the evaluation model. The error between the evaluation results and measurement results was found to be lower than 10%. In reference to the cooling loads calculated by the traditional design method and area-based method in case study office rooms, the evaluated cooling loads were suitable for operation regulation.

基于穿支动脉-神经组织单元论分水岭脑梗死分型及脑白质疏松的形成

At present, there is still controversy in the etiology and pathogenesis of cerebral watershed infarction (CWI). The classification of watershed infarction is also confusing. Great changes have taken place in the knowledge of CWI with the development of the medical and imaging technology. Based on the concept of the perforating artery-neural tissue units, the innovative speculation on the relation among leukoaraiosis (LA) (belong to white matter lesions), CWI and the mechanism of the perforating artery infarction formation was proposed in this paper. Based on the combination possibility of different perforating artery-neural tissue units, the CWI was classified as lateral watershed infarction (anterior cortical and posterior cortical watershed infarction), internal watershed infarction (anterior and interior type, posterior and interior type and interior type) and deep watershed infarction (deep anterior type, deep posterior type and the various subtypes). This paper suggests that LA might be caused by chronic watershed cerebral ischemia change, and perforating artery infarction and CWI are the same strain. This inference may help us to understand the relation among the mechanisms of the perforating artery infarction, CWI and LA.

On Graph Parameters Guaranteeing Fast Sandpile Diffusion

The Abelian Sandpile Model (Dhar 1990) is a discrete diffusion process, defined on graphs, which serves as the standard model of self-organized criticality. One is allowed to add sand particles on the nodes of the graph such that each node can stably hold at most some bounded number of particles. The particles flow through the graph as a consequence of surpassing the node capacities, until they reach a special sink node possessing infinite capacity. These simple dynamics give rise to a very interesting Markovian system. The transience class of a sandpile is defined as the maximum number of particles that can be added without making the system recurrent. We identify a small set of key graph properties that guarantee polynomial bounds on transience classes of the sandpile families satisfying them. These properties governing the speed of sandpile diffusion process are volume growth parameters, boundary regularity type properties and non-empty interior type constraints.This generalizes a previous result by Babai and Gorodezky (2007), in which they establish polynomial bounds on the $n\times n$ grid. Indeed the properties we show are based on ideas extracted from their proof as well as the continuous analogs in the theory of harmonic functions.

INTRODUCTION OF PITTOSPORUM BANKS EX SOL. SPECIES IN A FRAME AREA: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS

In article are provided the data on history of opening of Pittosporum species. The results of introduction and relevant research of this genus in frame area are presented. Some 9 introduced taxa are considered: Pittosporum heterophyllum Franch, P. tobira Ait., P. tobira var. variegatum Hort., P. undulatum Vent., Р . tenuifolium Gaertn, P. crassifolium Soland. ex Putterl., P. eugenioides A. Cunn , P. viridiflorum Sims, P. sahnianum Gowda. We analyzed the botanical-geographical origin and ecological-morphological features of plants. The results are presented of introduction success that testified a high rate of success of introduction for all the studied species. Researches were conducted by standard methods of plant introduction. By results of phenological supervision it was proved that considered species are the ecological cosmopolitans. Despite sharply changed intensity of ecological parameters of the maintenance (in greenhouse and interiors) the plants are capable to pass cyclically all phenological phases, changing the terms and duration of main phenological phases. These changes are especially typical for duration of dormant period. The period of active growth of sprouts was registered for I-III and VI-VIII months. The terms of this period were changed annually from 78 to 106 days. Considerably longer period of sprouts growth was characteristic for species: P. crassifolium , P. tenuifolium , and P. heterophyllum. The results of experimental studies allows to separate some species within the genus that are more dependent upon the level of illumination – P eugenioides, P. tenuifolium, P. crassifolium, P. undulatum. Study of generative phase revealed high seasonal synchronism of blossoming among P. undulatum, P. tobira, P .tobira v. variegatum, P. heterophyllum, P. viridiflorum and low one among P. sachnianum. Our research in the conditions of the protected soil in greenhouse and adaptation test of Pittosporum in various types of interiors of Krivbass testified the high adaptive ability of species to the industrial- transformed environment (emissions of dust and various gases, high radiation level), and ability to maintain dryness and low air temperature. Results of researches confirm expediency of intensive introduction of these plants that are very perspective for replenishment of collection funds and phytodesign. Key words: introduction, Pittosporum, phenological rhythms, stability, potential, phytodesign

Buzz, squeak, and rattle noise classification by using acoustic-fingerprinting technology

The buzz, squeak, and rattle (BSR) noises are three representative types of the automotive interior or exterior noise. Some of BSR noises have very short duration in time, and hence, it is difficult to detect various BSR noises in low SNR situation. However, each BSR noise signal has a unique time-frequency characteristic, depending on the various contacting materials as well as the excitation forces. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize the time-frequency characteristic of the BSR noise to specify the origin of a noise source. In this paper, we propose a novel method and system for identifying BSR noises. For accurate classification of noise sources, a noise-fingerprinting and matching technique based on the pattern classification is devised. The identification test with the real BSR noise data shows that the proposed method can accurately classify the noise source even in the low SNR condition.

Neoproterozoic Siliciclastic Sedimentation around Kampa-Tenpa Area, Pranhita Godavari Graben (PGG), Central India: Facies Analysis, Petrography and Depositional Environment

Abstract: The Pranhita-Godavari Graben (PGG) represents a major lineament in south Indian Peninsular cratonic province, which preserves a thick column of sediments. In geological time scale, these sedimentary units correspond to Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic period. The Mesoproterozoic sedimentation has been confined mainly to southern part of the PGG, while Neoproterozoic sediments are exposed at northern tip of the graben. In the area of investigation siliciclastic sedimentation units are exposed, wherein five major lithofacies have been marked out. These lithofacies are i) breccia (Br), ii) large scale trough cross-bedded sandstone (Ls), iii) small-scale trough cross-bedded sandstone (Sss), iv) horizontal bedded sandstone (Hs) and v) ripple laminated sandstone (Rs). The amalgamation of these lithofacies strongly divulges that the lower part of the succession was deposited in braided-streams, whereas the upper part was deposited in erg environment. The unimodal paleocurrent is evident in lower part of the succession while bimodal paleocurrent is noticed from sandstones at upper part of the succession. In general, the sandstones exhibit northwesterly paleocurrent direction. The petrographic studies point out that the sandstones are arenites and were deposited in interior type of continental block provenance under semi-arid to hot humid palaeoclimate. The high percentage of floating grains and the low percentage of interpenetrative contacts as well as the low value of contact index for these sandstones divulge that the grains did not suffer much compaction thereby pointing to shallow burial. The sub-angular zircon and tourmaline suggest that these minerals have travelled short distance from the source rocks. The high percentage of garnet and presence of epidote, staurolite, sillimanite, zoisite, amphibole and kyanite indicate that the sediments were derived from the nearby metamorphic source rocks.

Oranżerie Województwa Lubelskiego W Świetle Polskich Wzorników Sztuki Ogrodowej Z Xix I Xx Wieku / Orangeries In The Lublin Province In Light Of The Selected Polish Models Of Garden Art Of The 19Th And 20Th Centuries

Orangery structures were built in the whole Polish Commonwealth already from the 18th century. These structures were constructed both in large complexes of landed estates owned by aristocracy and in smaller manor-house/park complexes owned by the gentry. The popularity of these glasshouses (greenhouses) stemmed from their utilitarian functions and from the fashion for exotic plants which were often used and placed in the open as decoration for the gardens surrounding palaces and manors. Greenhouse buildings were divided into cool greenhouses, so-called orangeries, and heated greenhouses, called hothouses. The former type, often called orangeries, prevailed in the Lublin province. The models of ready-made orangery structures could be found in various guides. In the 19th and early 20th centuries the publications by Edmund Jankowski and Józef Strumiłło were highly popular. The books presented the basic principles of developing greenhouse buildings and adapting the already existing old orangeries, and described plant species suitable for different types of hothouses and cool greenhouses, taking their requirements and ways of growing into account. The article presents the basic assumptions of constructing these types of buildings. The author characterizes the still extant orangeries in the Lublin province as compared with the available design patterns. Apart from orangeries, the study also presents winter gardens accompanying palaces and manors, which functionally complemented the residences. The article also discusses the rules of designing these types of interiors and the basic plant species used in those facilities.

Existence Theorems for Vector Equilibrium Problems via Quasi-Relative Interior

The aim of this paper is to present new existence theorems for solutions of vector equilibrium problems, by using weak interior type conditions and weak convexity assumptions.

Optimum Design of Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for Automotive Cooling Device

In this paper, we developed stator and rotor shapes of interior permanent magnet type brushless motor for automotive cooling device in order to obtain better performance than the prototype. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed in this paper as an optimization method. Finite element computations have been used for numerical experiments on geometrical design variables in order to determine the coefficients of a second order model for the RSM. The optimum design results confirm that desirable improvements in cogging torque, back-EMF and THD are achieved.