Interior Type Research Articles

The impact of structural analysis of works of fine art on enhancing the creativity of artists and interior designers

This article explores the impact of structural analysis of a work of art on enhancing the creativity of designers and artists. The results of the study showed that consistent adherence to all stages of the artistic and compositional aspect of the analysis of an art object can have a significant impact on increasing creative capabilities in the development of creative thinking, as well as obtaining the necessary instrumental skills for creating various types of internal spaces using objects of fine art. As part of this study, recommendations were also drawn up for the practical use of associative components to create the desired emotional atmosphere in various types of interiors. The results of the study allowed us to propose a methodological approach based on a sequential process, which includes art tasks for students and recommendations for integrating the creative process from the field of art into art education. The proposed approach can also be applied to improve creative skills through analysis in other types of fine arts and will provide an opportunity to replenish and expand the knowledge base in this area.

Outside Interior

This paper proposes an idea of the traversed boundaries of inside and outside, by examining various mechanisms of how the inside and the outside could traverse each other within the context of everyday life in an urban neighbourhood in Jakarta, Indonesia. It argues on the (in)significance of interior entities in defining the interiority of an urban context, especially in an urban setting where the cultural and climatic context encourages more outdoor events and activities. An inquiry into everyday life in an urban neighbourhood was performed in order to reveal various possibilities for mechanisms in which the inside and outside could be extended and exchanged. The making of interior is not merely defined by the presence of interior entities contained within the physical boundaries. Various mechanisms of traversing the inside and outside could further define the nature of the urban interior of everyday life, where the interior could become independent from its physical boundaries. These mechanisms suggest the possibility of alternative types of urban interior that might emerge due to the occupation of space (whether inside or outside) by the events that take place alongside the everyday habitual routines. The emergence of outside interior is made possible by the porosity of the boundaries, which allow for the exchange of atmospheric condition, the exchange of programs and actions, and the movement of objects across the boundaries of inside and outside.

Where and how often do people touch train interiors? An investigation during the pandemic

The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic highlighted infection and hygiene as risks in dense public spaces, including public transport vehicles. This study investigated passenger touching behaviour within metro vehicles to understand the fomite exposure of passengers. Using in-vehicle CCTV on three lines of the London Underground, this paper investigated the number of touches on different types of train interiors and investigated their relationship with passenger density and movement. In total, 1818 station sections and 16 891 passengers were observed cumulatively from May to December 2021. The results showed that on average for each type of interiors on Victoria and Jubilee lines, there were between 0.07 and 0.57 touches per passenger movement (i.e. boarding or alighting) for deep tube lines, whereas District line that uses larger carriages showed a different tendency. The results also suggested that for deep tube lines, the number of touches per person increased beyond a density of ∼1.5 standing passengers/m2 possibly because passengers may touch interiors more in order not to bump into other passengers. These findings can be used in infection risk modelling and can inform mitigation of infection risk of future pandemics.

A Classification and Preference Analysis of Interior Types of Autonomous Car

A Classification and Preference Analysis of Interior Types of Autonomous Car

PHYTODESIGN IN THE INTERIOR OF PUBLIC CATERING ESTABLISHMENTS: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES

The article highlights the topic of the use of phytodesign methods in the interior of public catering establishments, analyzes the modern world experience in the interior design, as well as the development of phytodesign in our country, identifies its common and distinctive features, and characterizes advantages and disadvantages of the vertical gardening in the interior design of restaurants. Functions of phytodesign in the interior of public catering establishments are identified and the specifics of selection of plants for the vertical gardening in this type of the interior are outlined. Design of the restaurant interior is one of the most important aspects of the catering industry that greatly impacts the success of an establishment. Restaurant owners should make sure that their customers feel comfortable and want to come back to their establishments. This desire depends on many factors, such as tasty cuisine, friendly staff, ingenious and cozy interior, special atmosphere, and a unique company style. The professional use of the greenery in the restaurant interior design encompasses implementation of the author’s concept in the interior decoration with the careful selection of plants based on the planned idea. It is important to ensure the proper and timely care of the greenery and its high-quality maintenance. Phytowalls or vertical gardening are gaining more and more popularity nowadays, since such vertical garden looks very stylish and effective. The use of the greenery is a complex tool and design method that allows to solve a number of tasks in various types of interiors. Public catering is one of the most dynamically developing branches of the economy. In the process of planning and design of the interior, the main focus should be placed on leveraging of the latest achievements of science, technology and equipping with the progressive devices. Having analyzed the analogues of restaurant interior design with the use of phytodesign tools, we should note that domestic analogues of interiors do not fully use the entire range of greenery constructions in public catering establishments. The use of such elements is currently gaining popularity. Moreover, most of the mentioned establishments use the container gardening, while vertical constructions are formed only as an addition. Foreign analogues are an excellent example of well-selected greening practices. Design studios are resorting to more complex greenery methods, such as living plant walls and the use of ampelous hanging plants in ceiling constructions. An increased use of phytodesign tools in the interior of public catering establishments will allow them to gain priority and be more competitive as compared to establishments with a different design concept. Keywords: interior design, phytodesign, vertical gardening, container gardening, living walls, plants, public catering establishments

Zeroization of Cogging Torque of Permanent Magnet Machines by Optimizing Rotor Surface Shape: Comparison Between Surface and Interior Types

In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of cogging torque reduction by optimizing the rotor surface of permanent magnet synchronous machines. The optimizations of both the surface and interior permanent magnet machines are carried out. It is clarified that the cogging torques of both the machines can be reduced to be nearly zero by optimizing the rotor surfaces, whereas the mechanisms of cogging torque reduction of these machines are completely different from each other.

On Two Intuitionistic Fuzzy Modal Topological Structures

The concept of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Modal Topological Structure (IFMTS) was introduced previously, and some of its properties were studied. So far, there are two different IFMTSs based on the classical intuitionistic fuzzy operations: “union” (∪) and “intersection” (∩). In the present paper, two new IFMTSs are developed. They are based on new intuitionistic fuzzy topological operators from closure and interior types, introduced here for the first time, and on the two standard intuitionistic fuzzy modal operators □ and ◊. Some basic properties of the new IFMTSs are discussed. The newly presented IFMTSs could be considered as a basis for the next research on the IFMTSs. Some ideas for the future development of the IFMTS theory and open problems are formulated, related to the existence of other intuitionistic fuzzy operations that can generate new intuitionistic fuzzy topological operators and, respectively, new IFMTSs.

Improving Citizens’ Health in Underground Public Interior Spaces Through AI Powered Green Walls

In almost 600 BC, the Green Walls concept was presented. Most of theprevious research has proved that the use of green walls in different types ofinterior spaces has its considerable merits in improving users’ overall health andproductivity. Interior Designers seem reluctant to integrate green walls inunderground spaces due to its drawbacks as one of the most expensive man-madewalls, needing scheduled water requirements, and its susceptibility to adversitiessuch as fungi growth.The current study offers an intelligent solution predicting the performanceof self-sustainable green wall systems improving underground air quality. Thesystem is mitigating the issue of the green wall’s short life span. Thesustainability of green walls and air quality in underground interior spaces isinvestigated by applying IoT and AI technologies.

Orbits of Particles and Photons around Regular Rotating Black Holes and Solitons

We briefly overview the basic properties and generic behavior of circular equatorial particle orbits and light rings around regular rotating compact objects with dark energy interiors, which are described by regular metrics of the Kerr–Schild class and include rotating black holes and self-gravitating spinning solitons replacing naked singularities. These objects have an internal de Sitter vacuum disk and can have two types of dark interiors, depending on the energy conditions. The first type reduces to the de Sitter disk, the second contains a closed de Sitter surface and an S surface with the de Sitter disk as the bridge and an anisotropic phantom fluid in the regions between the S surface and the disk. In regular geometry, the potentials decrease from V(r)→∞ to their minima, which ensures the existence of the innermost stable photon and particle orbits that are essential for processes of energy extraction occurring within the ergoregions, which for the second type of interiors contain the phantom energy. The innermost orbits provide a diagnostic tool for investigation of dark interiors of de Sitter–Kerr objects. They include light rings which confine these objects and ensure the most informative observational signature for rotating black holes presented by their shadows.

A mathematical model for generation of interactive fractals using a fourth order fractal square: A case study

Fractals can be interactive by using fractal squares which evolved from mathematics. Fractal square (FS) F can be deduced from the F = (F + D)/n, where # D = m. The F n,m shows the FS having n order square boxes in the fractal square are maintained with m boxes and the rest of the boxes are to be discarded. Moreover, FS squares are a common used techniques in mathematical formulation (Pattern recognition and analytical imaging) for creating image patterns that are self-similar in nature. Nonetheless, recently there have been a number of studies produced on the 3 rd order fractals to explore the properties of different classes of fractals formed from it, however only the distinct patterns that are generated from it are being studied, along with Hausdorff dimension (HD) also been popular in order to determine the size of a fractal set. Although, all these existing techniques are limited in order to analysis of fractal set i.e., derived corner type, edge type and interior type. In this paper, we propose a novel dimension method called 4 th order FS and their dimensional analysis. As a new dimension approach, we present the Practical Grid Dimension (PGD) method, which utilizes the grids to calculate dimensions. As a last comparison, we have compared the HD approach with the PGD method in order to validate the proposed model. Researchers will be able to use this model to conduct more in-depth study for successful implementation in a wide range of fractal applications.

Curvature estimates for $p$-convex hypersurfaces of prescribed curvature

In this paper, we establish curvature estimates for p -convex hypersurfaces in \mathbb{R}^{n+1} of prescribed curvature with p \geq n/2 . The existence of a star-shaped hypersurface of prescribed curvature is obtained. We also prove a type of interior C^2 estimates for solutions to the Dirichlet problem of the corresponding equation.

Cyclic performance of emulative precast beam to column con-nection with corbel using dowel bar

The objective of this study is to examine the seismic performance of exterior and interior types of an emulative precast beam to column connection, constructed with grouted steel dowel bar and cast-in-situ concrete under quasi-static reversed cyclic loading. The dowel bar connection between the precast structural elements is achieved by inserting the dowel bar into the column corbel's holes and the precast portion of the beam. To secure the dowel bar's anchorage, these holes are packed with non-shrinkage grout and then cast-in-situ concreting is done in the joint core and the entire upper segment of the precast beam. In the past, particularly after an earthquake in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy in May 2012 (Ercolino, Magliulo, & Manfredi, 2016), witnessed damage to precast reinforced concrete structures was more likely to occur in the precast beam-column joint section. Hence, it’s essential to improve the performance of the beam-column joint to withstand all possible lateral load combinations, which are to be included in the design and detailing of the precast structural components. This study analyzed an eight-story RC frame building for earthquake loading using Staad.Pro software. The exterior and interior types of proposed beam-column connections were designed and detailed using the design forces and moments computed by the Staad.Pro analysis, in accordance with the Indian standard codes (IS 456, 2000), (IS 1893, 2016)and (IS 13920, 2016). The beam-column joint behavior under quasi-static cyclic loading was studied using one-third scaled-down test specimens, i.e., monolithic (MBC-EJ & MBC-IJ) and emulative beam-column (EBC-EJ & EBC-IJ) exterior and interior joints. In that proposed emulative connection, the structural continuity and compatibility between the precast elements were achieved through the corbel with the dowel bar and cast-in-situ concreting. The test specimen’s ultimate and yield load carrying capacity, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, and ductility parameters were determined based on the obtained load-displacement hysteresis relationship. Based on the findings, the precast exterior joint specimens (EBC-EJ) were found to be 14.36% more ductile and 13.23% more energy dissipative than monolithic exterior joint specimens (MBC-EJ). Similarly, precast interior joint specimens (EBC-IJ) outperformed monolithic interior joint specimens (MBC-IJ) by 6.27% more ductility and 16.86% more energy dissipation. Therefore, the experimental results confirmed that using grouted dowel bars and wet concreting in the joint area enhances rigidity and structural continuity, as well as improves the ultimate strength of precast connections to a level that closely resembles typical monolithic beam-column joints.

THE USE OF THE AESTHETIC POSSIBILITIES OF COLOR IN THE INTERIOR IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF TRAINING AN ARTIST-DESIGNER

The article examines the main aesthetic possibilities of color in the interior. As a result of the analysis, the main conditions for the aesthetic impact of the coloristics of the interior space have been determined, which depend on the selected functional type of interior, a given scale, composition of space, general color, geometric plane and volumes, lighting, textured qualities of the material, harmonization of the surface color of the materials used, the relationship of structural elements and forms in the interior, informative possibilities of color. The interrelation of color with physiological, psychological and associative reactions in inflammatory processes and emotional sensations has been analyzed. Taken into account the understanding of color - color preferences and color culture issues. The associative possibilities of color as a means of emotional, aesthetic and symbolic impact have been determined. As a result, the main aesthetic possibilities of coloristics in the interior have been developed and proposed, which consist of logical sequential stages in order to implement the coloristic interior design and which are necessary in the educational process of training specialists in the specialty 022 "Design" in the discipline "Design workshop. Coloristics in the interior" (Department of Design, Faculty of Architecture of KNUSA), as well as necessary for their future professional activities: 1) solution of the creative concept and image of the interior; 2) a comprehensive solution to the overall color of the interior; 3) taking into account the emotional impact of color on a person; 4) creating expressiveness of the interior and determining its utility, functionality and expediency.

Pairing colours in residential architecture for different interior types

AbstractMost colour studies focus on single colour effects; however, interiors are multi‐coloured environments and contemporary users are looking for more innovative colour schemes in interiors. Interior architects rely on their own subjective experience and instincts when they take up the challenge. This study aims to reveal colour semantics of paired colours on walls for different residential interior types (eg, living room) as a second part of the previous study conducted by the same authors. Both studies explore colour semantics through 42 Munsell colours (with variety of hues, value, and chroma levels) with 14 adjectives (eg, beautiful, unpleasant, cold) under controlled conditions. The predecessor study had explored single colour meanings, however, in this study, participants were asked to pair colours for the same residential interior types on the same semantic scales. Thus, its results can be compared to single colour data on different residential interior types through same methodology and participants. Results reveal that all colour attributes affect semantics paired wall colours. Orange is associated with negative meanings more whereas yellow hue induces positive meanings more for all adjective pairs, except cold‐warm and feminine‐masculine. For positive association, lighter colours and less saturated colours are selected more compared to saturated and darker colours. Comparing results of single colour study and the current study reveals that pairs cannot be anticipated through single colours for all residential interior types and adjectives, and positive adjectives tend to require different colours than their single associations in their pairs.

Virtual 3D-Reconstruction of the Interiors of Moscow Oblast Manor Complexes (18th – early 20th Centuries): Ceremonial Interiors of Nikolskoye-Uryupino Manor Complex

Historical interiors of manor complexes as one of the main forms of spatial organization of life in the Russian Empire in the 18th – early 20th centuries are unique historical monuments that unite both social and individual elements charactering everyday life of the privileged classes of the Russian Empire. Stylistically and compositionally, historical interiors of Moscow Oblast manor complexes have a special place increasingly attracting the attention of Russian history and culture researchers. However, today most of Moscow Oblast manor complexes are ruined and their interiors are completely lost. The latest computer technologies grant unique opportunities for their virtual 3D-reconstruction and further preservation. The article generalizes types of interiors of Moscow Oblast manor complexes of the 18th – early 20th centuries and describes the transformation of t interiors throughout the main periods of classical manor complex culture development. The author clarifies a ceremonial interior type by the example of Nikol’skoe-Uryupino manor (Krasnogorsk district, Moscow region, Russia) and reconstructs the interiors in the Main Building and the White House by collecting an extensive database of visual and textual historical sources. The result of this work is 3D-reconstruction of the main ceremonial interiors of Nikol’skoe-Uryupino manor made in Autodesk 3DsMax and visualized in Corona Renderer software. The research was conducted in collaboration with the Central State Archive of Moscow Oblast.

Experimental Study of the Time of Reverberation of a Sacred Building Having a Cruciform Architecture

The response of the interior to the excitation of the pulse noise was registered using the Svan958A spectrum noise analyzer. After that, using the Dirac system, the registered files were analyzed and the time of reverberation of the church of St. John the Baptist, located in the village Verkhnya, Kalush district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine with indication of measuring points. Detailed measurements of the investigated object were carried out and on their basis a 3D-model of the church in the SketchUP system was developed, which allowed to determine the recommended reverberation time for this type of interior and the given volume. The conducted researches made it possible to determine the uniformity of sound energy distribution in building having a cruciform architecture.

The effect of strain rate and temperature on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate composites

Polycarbonate thermoplastic materials have found their usage in many automotive interior type products (e.g. cluster instruments, Head-Up displays etc.), due to their visual aspects offered to the products and to the good mechanical properties possessed, especially in forms of short fiber reinforced composites. This paper presents the tensile behavior of two grades of polycarbonate composites Makrolon 9415 – polycarbonate with 10% glass fiber and Makrolon 8035 – polycarbonate with 30% glass fiber, compared to the neat unreinforced polycarbonate Makrolon 2405, at different strain rates and temperature conditions. A slight increase of elastic modulus and tensile strength with increasing loading rate was observed, while the tensile strength decreased considerably with temperature increase. The variations of the elastic modulus and of the ultimate tensile strength with loading rate and temperature of the Makrolon polycarbonate family, and its subsequent material grades, would be useful for mechanical design engineers in the process of selecting the most suitable Makrolon type for their final end applications.

Continuous functions between sets with operations

A set with an operation is a generalization of a topological space. Two types of continuous functions are dened between sets with operations. They are characterized making use of two types of closures and interiors. Homeomorphisms between sets with operations are also characterized. Variants of subspaces, connected spaces and compact spaces are introduced in a set with an operation and some fundamental properties of them are proved.

Interpretation of topography and bed properties beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica using seismic reflection methods

Thwaites Glacier (TG), West Antarctica, is losing mass in response to oceanic forcing. Future evolution could lead to deglaciation of the marine basins of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, depending on ongoing and future climate forcings, but also on basal topography/bathymetry, basal properties, and physical processes operating within the grounding zone. Hence, it is important to know the distribution of bed types of TG's interior and grounding zone, and to incorporate them accurately in models in order to improve estimates of retreat rates and stability. Here we estimate properties of the bed by determining its acoustic impedance from amplitude analysis of reflection seismic data. We report on the results from two lines – a longitudinal (L-Line) and a transverse (N-Line) – on a central flowline of TG ∼100 km inland from the grounding zone. The data show considerable spatial variability in bed forms and properties, similar to results from a comparable survey farther inland. Notably, we find the same pattern here of hard (presumed bedrock) material on the stoss side of bumps and soft (presumed till) on the lee side. Physical understanding indicates the basal flow law describing motion over different regions of TG's bed likely varies from nearly-viscous over the bedrock regions to nearly-plastic over till regions, providing guidance for modeling.

A widespread interaction between generalist and specialist enemies: The role of intraguild predation and Allee effect

A natural food web system involves a diverse community of natural enemies and one of the widespread and common phenomena of such systems is intraguild predation (IGP) (i.e., presence of eating and killing among potential competitors). Here, we investigate the dynamics of a food web system with Allee effect and intraguild predation. In the present study, generalist and specialist natural enemies competing for a shared resource (prey) (intraguild predation) have been introduced. The Allee effect has also been incorporated in the shared prey growth rate. We investigate how parameters defining Allee effect and intraguild predation affect the long-term persistence, extinction and co-existence regions of such species. We outline the conditions under which different types of interior and non-interior equilibria exist and are locally stable. Bi-stable dynamics has also been investigated for the proposed model system for a suitable range of parametric values. A threshold condition on the strength of Allee effect has been obtained assuring the absence of IG predator population along with extinction region of shared prey. To understand the dynamics of the system, a comprehensive study of bifurcation analysis has also been provided taking Allee effect and fertility rate of intraguild predator as bifurcation parameters. These two parameters generate various interesting bifurcations like saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf-bifurcation. We have obtained different parametric regions of Allee parameter for the existence of different boundary and interior equilibria. All the analytical results related with local stability of equilibrium points and all possible successive bifurcations have been supported by different numerical examples, one and two parameter bifurcation diagrams, bi-stability diagram and stability regions of all possible equilibrium points. The impacts of Allee effect on co-existence, stability, extinction of species, their persistence, bistability and bifurcations have been explicitly discussed and the whole dynamics has also been successfully compared with the dynamics of food web without Allee effect. It is observed that the introduction of Allee effect and IG predator induce more rich dynamics and compel the system to be more sensitive to initial population densities.