Type Of Birth Research Articles

Detecting Polymorphisms of Mutation (C327T) rs 417415931 of Gene Foxo3 and its Associations with Reproductive Performance of Awassi Sheep

The experimental samples for the current study included 45 sheep of the local Awassi breed, whose ages ranged between (2-4) years. These ewes produced 54 newborns, and their ages ranged from birth to the sixth month, and for the period from 1/2/2022 to 25/6/2022. The experiment was conducted. For this study, the field side was carried out at the Al-Fayhaa cow farm and station of the Directorate of Agriculture of Babylon / Ministry of Agriculture. As for the laboratory side, laboratory analyzes were conducted in the laboratories of the Scientific Advancement Company specialized in molecular genetics for the period from 1/5/2022 to 6/20/2022. With the aim of isolating the substance GeneticsDNA and the effect of the genetic morphology of the 417415931 (C327T) rs mutation and the study of the relationship of this genetic morphology with the productive traits represented in daily milk production (DMY), milk components, growth traits for lambs, traits related to maternal body dimensions, live weight of mothers and type of birth. This mutation was found in the plot. Studied with a molecular size of 365 bp) from exon number 2 for the Foxo3 gene, through the DNA nucleotide sequencing technique. This mutation produced three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT), with distribution ratios of (2.28, 36.36, 61.36)% sequentially, and the variance between these ratios was highly significant (p≤0.01), and the allelic frequency was (0.20, 0.80) for each of the C and T alleles. Respectively. It was found that the effect of the genotypes of the Foxo3 gene was not significant in the studied traits, as the ratios were close between the genotypes produced by the wild, the hybrid, and the pure genotype. It can be concluded from the results of this study not to rely on this mutation formed by the Foxo3 gene, and to adopt it as a genetic marker to improve productive traits or genital.

Relationship between Parental Head Circumference and Birth Type: A Pilot Study

Aim: Is there an association between Parental Head Circumference and Birth Type? Background: A mismatch between fetal size, especially the fetal head, with the mother's pelvis, also known as cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD), can lead to obstructed labor and, ultimately, cesarean section. However, so far, not much focus has been done on the father's anthropometric indices along with maternal anthropometric indices, especially head circumference (HC) and pelvic dimensions in the birth type and prediction of cesarean risk. Objective: In this study, anthropometric parameters of parents, such as height, weight, HC, and pelvic circumference and their relationships with the birth type in the first pregnancy, have been studied. Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted on healthy couples over 18 years of age. The mothers were primiparous, which had their first and full pregnancies with natural vaginal delivery or cesarean section (without elective cesarean). A trained expert measured the anthropometric data of parents, and the babies ‘data were collected from the neonatal record. Result: 33 cases completed full-term pregnancy, and of these mothers, 23 (69.7%) experienced natural vaginal deliveries (NVD) and 10 (30.3%) cesarean section (CS). The mean of the parent's HC in the CS group was significantly higher than those in the NVD group. Conclusion: The results showed that an increased average size of the parent's HC, especially in the mother with a smaller pelvic size, can logically increase the risk of cesarean section.

Investigating the expression of fertility-regulating LncRNAs in multiparous and uniparous Shal ewe's ovaries.

Sheep is the primary source of animal protein in Iran. Birth type is one of the significant features that determine total meat output. Little is known about how long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) affect litter size. The purpose of this research is to investigate the DE-LncRNAs in ovarian tissue between multiparous and uniparous Shal ewes. Through bioinformatics analyses, LncRNAs with variable expression levels between ewes were discovered. Target genes were annotated using the DAVID database, and STRING and Cytoscape software were used to evaluate their interactions. The expression levels of 148 LncRNAs were different in the multiparous and uniparous ewe groups (false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05). Eight biological process terms, nine cellular component terms, 10 molecular function terms, and 38 KEGG pathways were significant (FDR<0.05) in the GO analysis. One of the most significant processes impacting fertility is mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, followed by oocyte meiosis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, oxytocin signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. ENSOARG00000025710, ENSOARG00000025667, ENSOARG00000026034, and ENSOARG00000026632 are LncRNAs that may affect litter size and fertility. The most crucial hub genes include MAPK1, BRD2, GAK, RAP1B, FGF2, RAP1B, and RAP1B. We hope that this study will encourage researchers to further investigate the effect of LncRNAs on fertility.

Determination of the effect of pre-mating weight and placental characteristics on birth weight in Karayaka sheep.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the pre-mating weight and placental characteristics on birth weight. Data were collected from 62 Karayaka ewes and 70 Karayaka lambs. The placental characteristics considered were placental weight, placental area and the number of cotyledons. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical comparison and the determination of relationships between variables.In addition, correlation coefficients between live weights and placental characteristics were determined. The average birth weight (BW), pre-mating weight (PMW), placental weight (PW), placental area (PA) and cotyledon number (CN) values were 4.37 0.70 kg, 50.22 5.63 kg, 362.51 118.42 g, 994.18 312.76 cm and 56.93 8.06, respectively. BW had positive correlations with PMW (0.147), birth type (BT) (0.643), PW (0.604), PA (0.323) and CN (0.161) ( 0.05). BW had negative correlations with maternal age (MA) () ( 0.05). PMW had positive correlations with maternal age (MA) (0.237) ( 0.05). PMW had negative correlations with S (sex) (), PW (), PA () and CN () ( 0.05).

Zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis of factors associated with under-five mortality in Ethiopia using 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey data

Background Remarkable reduction in global under-five mortality has been seen over the past two decades. However, Ethiopia is among the five countries which account for about half (49%) of all under-five mortality worldwide. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with under-five children mortality in Ethiopia using the 2019 Ethiopia mini demography and health survey data. Methods The most recent national representative demography and health survey data of Ethiopia, 2019 Ethiopia mini demography and health survey data, were used for this study. Count data regression models were applied to identify the factors associated with under-five children mortality. Statistical significance was declared at P-value less than 0.05. Results Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model was found to be the best model compared to other count regression models based on models comparison Criteria. The ZIP model revealed that decreased risk of under-five mortality was associated with mothers aged 25–34 years, unmarried mothers, mothers delivered in health facility, mothers used Pill/IUD, mothers who had larger number of children at home whereas increased risk of under-five mortality was associated with older mothers at their first births, mothers from rural areas, mothers travel for 1–30 min and &gt;30 min to get drinking water, mothers used charcoal and wood, children with higher birth order and multiple births. Conclusions In this study, place of residence, region, place of delivery, religion, age of mother, mother’s age at first birth, marital status, birth order, birth type, current contraceptive type used, type of cooking fuel, time to get drinking water, and number of children at home were statistically significant factors associated with under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Thus, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and other concerned bodies are recommended to encourage mothers to deliver at health institutions, give awareness for mothers to use Pill/IUD contraceptive type, and facilitate rural areas to have electricity and drinking water near to homes so as to minimize the under-five mortality to achieve the sustainable development goal.

Influence of Birth Characteristics and Feeding Practices on Eruption of Primary Teeth in Children: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Observational Study.

The eruption process is under strong genetic control, external environmental factors also significantly contribute to this process. Therefore the present study was undertaken to identify the influence of birth characteristics and feeding practices on the eruption of the first primary tooth among healthy children in Pune, Maharashtra, India. The study was undertaken among 200 children aged 3-24 months. Children with any underlying conditions, those not accompanied by their mother and with neonatal teeth/natal teeth were excluded. The birth weight, gestational age, and type of delivery were obtained from medical records of the child. Data on feeding practices and the age of eruption of the first primary tooth was recorded after a structured interview of the mother followed by oral examination of the child. Gestational age was categorized into >37 weeks and <37 weeks, birth weight was divided into three groups-<1500, 1500-2500, and >2500 gm and four groups according to feeding practice during the first 6 months of life (exclusively breastfed, exclusively bottle fed, combination of breastfeeding and bottle feeding, and spoon-feeding). The mean age of eruption in the study population was 9.17 months. A9.05 months in males and 9.44 in females. A statistically significant correlation was noted with gestational age, birth weight, and feeding practices. Infants with a gestational age of >37 weeks, higher birth weight and those who were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months had an earlier eruption of first primary teeth. External factors seem to influence the eruption of the primary tooth. More longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and matching confounders are needed to clearly understand the factors affecting the primary tooth eruption. Shetty SS, Mathur A, Gopalakrishnan D, et al. Influence of Birth Characteristics and Feeding Practices on Eruption of Primary Teeth in Children: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Observational Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):724-727.

PSV-22 Productivity at Weaning of F1 Dorper X Pelibuey Ewes Carrying the Fecge Allele of the Ovine GDF9 Gene

Abstract The FecGE allele of the ovine GDF9 gene has been reported segregating in the Pelibuey hair type breed in México. Homozygous E/E ewes reproduce normally, in contrast to the sterility of homozygous ewes reported for other GDF9 variants. Thus, potential exists to cross homozygous and carrier Pelibuey ewes with meat type rams of low-prolificacy but well-adapted breeds to obtain F1 commercial flock ewes. The aim was to evaluate ewe productivity, as total lamb weight weaned (TWW), of FecGE carrier vs non-carrier F1 Dorper x Pelibuey ewes. Sixty one first lambing ewes (34 carrier and 27 non-carrier) equally served with two Texel rams were used. Management was under feedlot conditions. Genotyping was done by real time PCR (StepOnePlus) using the FAMACTTCAAACAGTTTCTTTTTMGBNFQ and VICTCAAACAGTGTCTTTTTMGBNFQ probes (Applied Biosystems). Type of birth (TB; twins vs single) and weaning (TW) were analyzed with PROC CATMOD of SAS. Fixed effects of ewe genotype (carrier vs non-carrier), contemporary group and ram of service were included in a logistic generalized linear model. Lamb weaning weights were adjusted to a common age of 75 d and by sex. Equivalent to male average birth lamb weight (ABW), average weaning lamb weight (AWW) and TWW per ewe were analyzed with PROC GLM of SAS. Carrier ewes had more twins (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for TB (75 vs 19.4 %) and TW (58.8 vs 21.7 %) than non-carrier ewes. Equivalent to male ABW on carrier ewes was less (P &amp;lt; 0.05; 3.17 ± 0.21 vs 3.97 ± 0.20 kg) than for non-carrier ewes but not difference (P &amp;gt; 0.05) was observed for AWW (21.96 ± 0.85 vs 22.93 ± 0.90 kg). Ewe productivity, as indicated by TWW, was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05; 33.16 ± 1.78 vs 27.23 ± 1.88 kg) for FecGE carrier ewes than for the non-carrier ones. More research on this topic deserves further attention, especially under range conditions, with multiple parity ewes, different years and reproductive activity seasons, using a larger simple.

140 Targhee Sire Benchmarking at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station

Abstract The Targhee breed was developed at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES) starting in 1926, and has become an established range breed used commercially in the Western U.S. Our objective was to benchmark the performance of industry-based (external) Targhee sires with those currently in use at USSES. Nineteen Targhee sires from 12 flocks were incorporated into the USSES breeding flock starting with the 2015 breeding season. Data were measured through 2022 for 3 production and 12 wool traits with a range of 180 to 1,967 records per trait. Externally sourced sires averaged 38.3 progeny (7 to 78), with 0 to 4 ram lambs (15 total) and 0 to 15 (106 total) ewe lambs retained per sire in the flock. They were ancestors of 984 grand-progeny. USSES sires averaged 25.0 progeny (5 to 52), with 0 to 1 ram lambs (2 total) and 0 to 8 (53 total) ewe lambs retained per sire. They had 275 grand-progeny. Pedigree data was used to compute the marginal genetic contributions for each sire to the current flock using ENDOG. External sires had a cumulative contribution of 31.9 percent (0.4 to 3.9) while the USSES sires contributed 1.4 percent (0.0 to 0.9). Using R, fixed effects examined were age of dam, lamb sex, lamb birth year, grazing group, and type of birth/rearing. Significant variation explained in a trait by main effects (P &amp;lt; 0.005), and their two-way interactions (P &amp;lt; 0.001), were included in the final linear mixed models fitted. Externally sourced and USSES sires were assigned to separate genetic groups to account for the anticipated differences in genetic base. Using WOMBAT, a univariate animal model was fitted to estimate variance components and predict estimated breeding values for each lamb trait. Selection of random effects was based on log-likelihood ratio tests. Final models fitted and estimated heritabilities are summarized in Table 1. Total litter weight at 120 days per ewe lambing (TW120) was evaluated using a repeated measures model with direct additive and permanent environmental random effects of the ewe. Genetic group solutions were not significantly different (P &amp;gt; 0.05) for any traits evaluated. Since both sire groups originated from the same population, this suggests significant selection divergence had not occurred between industry and USSES flocks. Incorporation of external Targhee sires increased the genetic diversity of the USSES flock. It also strengthened industry ties to the USSES flock, which will benefit the commercial genetic evaluation conducted by the National Sheep Improvement Program. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Breeding of Akkaraman Sheep in Tokat

This study was carried out in Akkaraman sheep breed in Tokat province, which is within the scope of The National Sheep and Goat Breeding Project. In this study, some reproductive traits of Akkaraman sheep and live weights of lambs were determined. In this study, the data of 28797 sheep and 25983 lambs between the years 2017-2021 were used. The average birth weight was 4.14 kg in the 5-year period. The birth weight according to the years was determined as 4.31, 3.85, 4.13, 3.92 and 4.25 kg, respectively. Mean birth weights vary according to year, maternal age, birth type and sex (P

Тегловно развитие и интензитет на растеж на агнета от Карнобатска тънкорунна порода овце в зависимост от пола и типа на раждане

The purpose of the current study was to establish the dynamics of weight development and growth capacities until weaning in lambs from the Karnobat Fine-fleece breed in both sexes and different types of birth. The subjects of the study were 15 female and 15 male lambs. The study was conducted in the flock owned by Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat, during the 2020 lambing season. Four groups were formed, equalized according to the method of analogues by type of birth (singles, twins), gender (male, female), age and live weight. Live weight was recorded at birth, at 10 days, at 30 days, at 70 days and at 90 days. It has been established that the Karnobat Fine-fleece sheep breed is characterized by a good intensity of offspring growth until weaning, with female lambs reaching an average of 29.233 kg, and male lambs, respectively, 30.835 kg at 90 days. The average daily gain of lambs from the Karnobat Fine-fleece breed ranged from 0.236 kg to 0.344 kg for females by periods and from 0.242 kg to 0.367 kg for male lambs. Lambs of both sexes achieved the highest growth in the period 30-70 days. The results of the study indicate good compensatory abilities in the weight development of lambs born as twins from the Karnobat Fine-fleece sheep breed. The total gain reached by twin lambs at 90 days was close in value to singles of both sexes, being 1.97% lower in female lambs and 4.77% lower in male offspring. The Karnobat Fine-fleece breed has a good genetic potential for meat production, which is an advantage for sustainable development against the background of competition from specialized meat-producing sheep breeds in Bulgaria.

Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Karacabey Merino lambs Reared under Triticale and Oat Pastures Compared with Stall-Fed Lambs.

Fifty-eight Karacabey Merino lambs were used to study the effects of feeding system (triticale pasture, oat pasture, or stall-fed), birth type (single or multiple), gender (male or female), and birth year (2016 or 2017) on various carcass and meat quality characteristics. Stall lambs had higher conformation (CS) and fatness (FS) scores, and higher meat L* and h* values than the two pasture groups, possibly due to higher fat content, while oat pasture lambs had the most tender meat. Single-born lambs had higher CS, FS, and Longissimus thoracis muscle section area, while females had higher subcutaneous and non-carcass fat deposits than their counterparts. Both single-born lambs and 2016-born lambs had higher meat a* and C* values than their counterparts. In conclusion, a pasture-based feeding system is more suitable for Karacabey Merino lambs than a stall feeding system, if lean meat and/or meat products are preferred. However, it should not be ignored that stall-fed lambs showed a better fattening performance in terms of conformation and fatness, during the same period.

Educational attainment and symptoms of anxiety and depression in young adulthood

Abstract Background Young adulthood is a life phase when mental health problems are common. Although education is known to exert an influence on health, increased knowledge about the links between educational attainment and mental health problems in young adults is needed. The aim of this study was to analyse if educational attainment at the end of upper secondary (U.S.) school (i.e. age 19) predicted self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms two years later. Methods Data was derived from the Swedish population-based cohort study Futura01 (n = 3247; 56% women). Anxiety and depression were measured by self-reports in 2022 (age 21) through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Educational attainment was measured through linked registry information from 2020 (age 19). Linear regression analysis was used. Covariates included parental country of birth, parental education and family type. Results Co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and depression were more common among young adults with a compulsory than a U.S. academic degree (women: b = 0.79, 95% CI 0.49, 1.09; men: b = 0.77, 95% CI 0.37, 1.17). Symptoms of depression only were more common among women with a compulsory degree (b = 0.60, 95% CI 0.20, 1.00), and among participants with a U.S. vocational degree (women: b = 0.51, 95% CI 0.09, 0.94; men: b = 0.50, 95% CI 0.08, 0.91), compared to those with a U.S. academic degree. Symptoms of anxiety only were, in contrast, less common among men and women with a compulsory degree compared to those with a U.S. academic degree, although statistically significant only among women (b=-0.50, 95% CI -0.88, -0.12). Conclusions Educational level in young adulthood was clearly associated with subsequent symptoms of anxiety and depression but the social patterning varied between symptoms. Lower educational level was linked to a higher reporting of co-occurring anxiety and depression and of depression only, while a higher educational level was linked to a higher reporting of anxiety only. Key messages • Young adult educational attainment was negatively associated with symptoms of co-occurring anxiety and depression and of depression only, but positively associated with symptoms of anxiety only. • In young adulthood educational level is associated with anxiety and depression in complex ways. Efforts to improve educational attainment and/or mental health need to consider this complexity.

Determination of the effect of the dam age, birth type, and sex on growth curve traits of hair goat kids.

This study was conducted to investigate the best-fit growth curve and dam age, sex, and birth type effect on growth curve traits of hair goat kids. Monthly 3858 test day body weight (BW) records of 643 hair goat kids from birth to 150days of age were used to determine the best-fit growth curve and estimate growth curve parameters with Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models. The BW records were assigned to three groups: dam age (3, 4, 5, 6, 7years), sex (female, male), and birth type (single, twin). The Gompertz model gave more consistent results than the Von Bertalanffy model according to the goodness of fit criteria. Dam age had no significant effect on any of the growth curve traits. Sex of kids showed a significant effect on maturity index (parameter K) (P < 0.001), estimated mature body weight (parameter A), and weight at point of inflection (IPW) (P < 0.01). Also, birth type had a significant effect on initial/birth weight (parameter B) and parameter K (P < 0.001). Age at point of inflection (IPT) was not affected by any of the factors. Twin kids had a higher maturity index than singles while females higher than males. In conclusion, the Gompertz model was the most suitable model for hair goat kids for selection strategies. For proper selection, the effect of sex and birth type on growth curve traits should be considered by hair goat breeders.

The Effect of Training Program Given to Multiple Pregnants by Motivational Interview Method on Fear of Birth and Delivery Style

Aim: Within the scope of our research, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of the training programs given with the motivational interview attitude given specifically to the mothers with multiple pregnancies on possible fears of childbirth and self-perception. In this direction, case and control studies were conducted with two groups. In summary, it focused on the effect of self-efficacy experienced during birth and self-efficacy experienced at the same time.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Our study was carried out between August 2022 and November 2022 in Adana Seyhan State Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic with 73 multiple pregnant women (intervention: 37, control: 36) who met the study. More than one pregnant mother in the sample was randomly selected according to the intervention and control groups. "Training Program Based on Motivational Interview Method for Fear of Birth" was given to 37 pregnant women in the case group, four sessions individually, once a week.&#x0D; Results: In obtaining the relevant data within the scope of our study; Descriptive Personal Form, Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale (W-DEQ) Versions A and B, Birth Self-Efficacy Scale (DSS) Short Version and Birth Evaluation Form were used. During the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics such as the number of patients and the percentage of gender were recorded. Data are shown as mean±standard deviation, median (percentage). Chi-square test, Independent Groups t test, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, repeated measures ANOVA test and Friedman test were used in statistical analysis.&#x0D; Conclusion: In the training program conducted with the motivational interview approach with pregnant mothers, it was revealed that possible fears of birth were minimized, positive increases were observed in birth self-efficacy, and the effect on birth types was not much. Looking at the results of the research; In order to minimize the fear of birth in the prenatal period and to increase self-efficacy during birth, it is recommended to include it in nursing care in a training program based on the motivational interview approach for fear of birth.

Prevalence of urınary ıncontınence ın women who applıed to a famıly health center ın the Van Provınce

Our aim of this study was to determine the incidence of urinary incontinence in women living in a family health center district in the province of Van, the effect of birth rate and type of delivery on urinary incontinence, the awareness level of women in this subject. This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The study was conducted by face to face survey method in women gave birth who applied to Family Health Center no.1 in Ipekyolu District. 227 women who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The mean number of pregnancies was 4.13 ± 0.71, 83 of the women (36.6%) stated that they had incontinent. 31 (37.3%) reported compression type, 25 (30.1%) stress type and 27 (32.6%) mixed type incontinence, 170 (74.9%) of the women see urinary incontinence as a health problem. The high number of children significantly increases urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus. Women who have had their birth at home have higher urinary incontinence incidence than the women who have had all their births at hospital. Receiving education for 8 years and below increases to see urinary incontinence as a health problem. It is important in terms of women's health to educate women on reproductive health, to make full use of family planning services and to take all necessary measures to make all deliveries in hospital.

Effect of labor pain on placental gene expressions

A close relationship between labor and the placenta is known. The study of gene expression profiles describing the effects of labor on placental tissue has accelerated in recent years. This study aims to compare the expression levels of GDF15, ADM, SERPINE1, NOS3, IL 6, TNF-α genes in placental tissues discarded after vaginal deliveries with labor pain and elective cesarean deliveries before the onset of labor pain. For this purpose, placental tissues of vaginal deliveries with labor pain (n=9) and elective cesarean deliveries without labor pain (n=9) were collected immediately after births. RNA extracted from tissues (umblical cords and deciduas). Gene expression analyzes were performed by Real-time PCR method. TNF-α gene expression levels in decidua and umblical cord tissues in vaginal deliveries with labor pain were higher than in elective cesareans without labor pain, and NOS3, ADM, SERPINE1 gene expression levels were low. GDF15 and IL-6 gene expression levels were high in the umblical cord tissues and were low in the decidua in vaginal deliveries with labor pain compared to elective cesareans without labor pain. The high level of GDF15 gene expression in the vaginal deliveries with labor pain umblical cord tissues was significant (p&lt;0.05). Changes in gene expression between different types of birth may help us to understand how labor pain affects gene expression levels. These results suggest that labor pain affects different tissues in different ways. The “birth experience” of a placenta that has experienced pain stress is absolutely different to others process. Since birth pain is a natural stress, it can be a light in determining the effects of the differences in cesarean section on the baby and the mother. Gene expression alterations may cause labor starting and progressing, or just be an result of labor.

Exploring the Characteristics and Population Trends of Pote Goats in the Lowland Region of Madura Island

This research aims to examine the productivity characteristics, structure, and dynamics of the Pote Goat population, a local Indonesian breed in Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island, East Java Province. The study was conducted on smallholder farms from September 2022 to January 2023. The study encompassed 139 respondents who participated as research subjects, contributing a total of 867 female and male Pote Goats of varying ages. To capture a comprehensive understanding, descriptive methods involving surveys and interviews were employed. The data collection process utilized the purposive sampling technique. The research findings indicate that the Pote Goat population consists of 65.17% females and 34.83% males. The adult male to female ratio is 1:12.20. The annual natality rate is 131.61% (70.78% females, 60.83% males). The kids mortality rate is 8.07% per year (5.77% females, 2.31% males). The mortality rate for goats of various ages is 9.34% (6.57% females, 2.77% males). The NI is 122.27% per year (64.20% females, 58.07% males). The migration rate is 37.37%, and the emigration rate is 12.34%. The average litter size ranges from 1.76±0.54 to 1.98±0.47 head per birth, increasing with the age of the doe. The types of births include twin births (73.48%), single births (14.70%), triplet births (10.39%), and quadruplet births (1.43%). The DPI values range from 30.14 to 33.91 kg per year, increasing with the age of the doe. The kids harvest rate is 291.15% per year.

Association of Maternal Risk Factors with the Prevalence of Caesarean Section Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In the last few years, there has been a gradually increasing rate of caesarean section deliveries worldwide that negatively affects both mothers' and children's health. The present survey intended to explore the relations of common maternal risk factors with the prevalence of caesarean sections. This is a cross-sectional study including 5182 healthy mothers from geographically diverse regions of Greece, which has applied relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria. An elevated 56.4% incidence of caesarean sections was noted. The prevalence of caesarean section deliveries was estimated to be 51.5% in private hospitals and 48.5% in public hospitals. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, excess gestational weight gain, preterm birth, financial status, smoking habits, and private type of birth hospital were considerably associated with a high probability of caesarean section, regardless of several confounders. In conclusion, caesarean section rates are constantly increasing, and various maternal risk factors additively elevate its incidence, which additionally enhances the likelihood of postpartum complications for both the mothers and their infants. Public health procedures and approaches are strongly recommended to notify future mothers of the potential risk factors that may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes of caesarean section delivery, highlighting its use only for emergency medical reasons and also promoting healthier nutritional and lifestyle habits that may reduce the increasing prevalence of caesarean section deliveries.

'It must be right, I saw it on TV!': An observational study of third stage birth practices in popular television programmes.

To examine modern media depictions of the third stage of birth in a selection of UK television representations. Observational study of a sample of televised fictional and real births, audited against current National Institute of Health and Social Care Excellence (NICE) guidance. UK television channels BBC (Call The Midwife and This Is Going To Hurt) and Channel 4 (One Born Every Minute). 87 births from 48 episodes, sampled from the three shows. The primary outcome was the number of births where the cord was clamped at more than 1 min after birth. Secondary outcomes included place and type of birth, measures of dignity and paternal involvement. Overall, the timing of cord clamping was clearly shown in 25/87 (29%) of births, of which only 4/25 (16%) occurred at more than 1 min in screen time. The place of birth and caesarean section (CS) rate changed according to the series perspective and era; graphic explicit images were shown, but these related to CS detail. UK television shows have accurately depicted changes in place, culture and type of birth over the last century. They provide the public with a view of new rituals but an inaccurate picture of good quality care. Early cord clamping was shown in most births, even those set after 2014. No programme informed viewers about the safety aspects. When showing outdated practices, broadcasters have a public health duty to inform viewers that this is no longer recommended.

Spatial multilevel analysis of age at death of under-5 children and associated determinants: EDHS 2000–2016

ObjectiveThis study examines trends, spatial distribution and determinants of age at death of under-5 children in Ethiopia.DesignThis study used secondary data from the 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic...