Types Of Thyroid Disorders Research Articles

Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Patients in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals at Palakkad: A Prospective Study

Introduction: In the present study, the prevalence and pattern of thyroid disorders in patients attending two tertiary care hospitals with different co morbidities were assessed. Aim: The aim was to find the prevalence of different types of thyroid disorders and prevalence of different comorbidities in patients with hypothyroidism. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study by verifying patient's data records, using pre-designed questionnaire and direct patient interview. 120 cases were collected during a 4 months study period from both the tertiary care hospitals. The biochemical parameters were glycemic control (fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, blood pressure, thyroid profile (TSH, free T3, and free T4) and other routine laboratory investigations. These parameters were verified and assessed. Results: Prevalence of thyroid disorders were seen more in female population and no. of patients with hypothyroidism was high. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidty presenting with hypothyroidism. Among the diabetic population with hypothyroidism, females were more prevalent. Conclusion: This study suggests that in the female population, T2DM and Hypothyroidism are prevalent both individually and jointly.

Thyroidectomy Outcomes

Describe trends and outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Retrospective search of national inpatient database. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2009 was searched using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for thyroidectomy. Data extraction included patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and associated diagnoses. Subgroup analysis was performed on mortalities; bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to examine predictors of complications. In the United States, 59,478 patients were admitted and underwent thyroidectomy in 2009. Their mean (SD) age was 53.0 (16.4) years. Mean (SD) length of stay was 3.0 (6.9) days, and mean (SD) total charges was $39,236 ($73,679). Total thyroidectomy was performed in 53.6% of patients; 33.2% underwent unilateral lobectomy. Most common thyroid disorders included nontoxic nodular goiter (36.0%) and malignant neoplasm (30.3%). There were 363 (0.61%) mortalities, with a mean (SD) age of 65.5 (15.2) years, length of stay of 13.9 (15.2) days, and total charges of $218,855 ($191,977). Of all patients, 6.18% had hypocalcemia and 0.77% had hypoparathyroidism; the incidence of vocal cord paresis was 0.85% unilaterally and 0.34% bilaterally. Multivariate analysis revealed predictors of complications following thyroid surgery were female sex (P = .0001), total thyroidectomy procedure (P < .0001), hospital location and teaching status (P = .0060), hospital bed size (P = .0054), type of thyroid disorder, and underlying patient comorbidities. Reporting of normative data for thyroidectomy facilitates comparison. Hospitalizations for patients undergoing thyroidectomy require significant resource utilization. Predictors of complications include female sex, type of thyroid disorder and procedure, hospital location and teaching status, hospital bed size, and patient comorbidities.

The association between depression and thyroid disorders in a regionally representative Canadian sample

A subsample of six provinces (n = 67,621) from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey was used to determine the gender-specific prevalence of depression among those with and without thyroid disorders. Information was not available on the type of thyroid disorder. Logistic regression analyses were conducted todetermine the odds and socio-demographic correlates of depression among those with and without thyroid disorders. Women had a significantly higher prevalence of thyroid disorders (9.3%) and depression (6.6%) than men (2.4% and 3.7%, respectively). Thyroid disorders were associated with 22% higher odds of depression in women after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, but no association was found in men. Among women with and without thyroid disorders, younger age, lower income, and limitations in Activities in Daily Living (ADL) were associated with higher odds of depression. Results suggest that women with thyroid disorders are more vulnerable to depression, and socio-demographic correlates of depression are similar among women with and without thyroid disorders.

Proportion of various types of thyroid disorders among newborns with congenital hypothyroidism and normally located gland: a regional cohort study

To determine the proportion of the various types of thyroid disorders among newborns detected by the neonatal TSH screening programme, with a normally located thyroid gland. Patients and methods Of the 882 575 infants screened in our centre between 1981 and 2002, 85 infants with a normally located gland had persistent elevation of serum TSH values (an incidence of 1/10 383). Six of these 85 patients were lost to follow-up and were therefore excluded from the study. During follow-up, patients were classified as having permanent or transient hypothyroidism. Among the 79 patients included in the study, transient (n = 30, 38% of cases) and permanent (n = 49, 62% of cases) congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was demonstrated during the follow-up at the age of 0.7 +/- 0.6 years and 2.6 +/- 1.8 years (P < 0.0001), respectively. The proportion of premature births was significantly higher in the group with transient CH (57%) than in the group with permanent CH (2%) (P < 0.0001). A history of iatrogenic iodine overload was identified during the neonatal period in 69% of transient cases. Among permanent CH cases (n = 49), patients were classified as having a goitre (n = 27, 55% of cases), a normal sized and shaped thyroid gland (n = 14, 29% of cases) or a hypoplastic gland (n = 8, 16% of cases). The latter patients demonstrated global thyroid hypoplasia (n = 3), a right hemithyroid (n = 2), hypoplasia of the left lobe (n = 2), or asymmetry in the location of the two lobes (n = 1). Patients with a normal sized and shaped thyroid gland showed a significantly less severe form of hypothyroidism than those with a goitre or a hypoplastic thyroid gland (P < 0.0002). Among permanent CH cases, those with a goitre (n = 27) had an iodine organification defect (n = 10), Pendred syndrome (n = 1), a defect of thyroglobulin synthesis (n = 8), or a defect of sodium iodine symporter (n = 1), and in seven patients no aetiology could be determined. Among permanent cases with a normal sized and shaped thyroid gland (n = 14), a specific aetiology was found in only one patient (pseudohypoparathyroidism) and two patients had Down's syndrome. Among those with a globally hypoplastic gland, a TSH receptor gene mutation was found in two patients. A precise description of the phenotype can enhance our understanding of various forms of neonatal hypothyroidism as well as their prevalence and management. It also helps to identify cases of congenital hypothyroidism of unknown aetiology, which will need to be investigated in collaboration with molecular biologists.

Deafness with sporadic goiter. Pendred's syndrome.

Deafness is encountered in association with 3 types of thyroid disorders: adult myxedema, endemic cretinism, and Pendred's syndrome. Impairment of hearing occurs in approximately one-half of the patients with adult myxedema; hearing loss improves in about one-half of these patients after treatment with thyroid extract.^1-3Otologic examination shows the auditory impairment to be of perceptive, conductive, or mixed type. The aural anatomical changes and the type of hearing deficit present may vary with the degree of severity of the thyroid disease. Thus, the deafness may be conductive if edema of the middle ear or eustachian tube is present; or perceptive, due to an intralabyrinthine hypertension based upon myxedematous infiltration affecting the endolymphatic circulation. If the myxedema is severe and prolonged, chromatolysis of central nervous system nerve cells may occur and serve as a basis for perceptive deafness.⁴ In endemic cretinism and in Pendred's syndrome,<i>all</i>patients suffer from