Camel Research Articles

Effects of feeding level on body weight, hump size, lipid content and adipocyte volume in the dromedary camel

Les effets de la suralimentation et de la sous-alimentation sur les reserves lipidiques chez le dromadaire ont ete mesures chez 14 chamelles divisees en trois lots : un lot suralimente - sous-alimente (OV-UN), un lot sous-alimente - suralimente (UN-OV) et un lot temoin (CTRL). Apres 4 semaines d'adaptation un schema experimental croise a ete applique pendant 16 semaines comprenant 2 periodes de 8 semaines chacune. L'apport energetique des 3 niveaux d'alimentation representait 17, 68 et 134 % des besoins energetiques theoriques d'entretien respectivement pour le regime sous-alimentation, temoin et suralimentation. Le poids vif et les parametres barymetriques ont ete mesures chaque semaine. Les biopsies de la bosse pour la determination de la taille des adipocytes et la teneur en lipides ont ete realisees mensuellement. La suralimentation a un effet significatif sur le poids vif, la taille de la bosse et sa teneur en lipides ainsi que sur le volume des adipocytes. Le poids de la bosse augmente de 71 % pour le lot OV-UN et de 19 % pour le lot UN-OV. La teneur en matiere grasse augmente de 52,9 a 63,6 % pour le lot OV-UN et de 54,2 a 64,7 % pour le lot UN-OV. Des evolutions similaires sont observees pour le volume des adipocytes qui augmente de 138 a 253 pL et de 275 a 346 pL pour les lots OV-UN et UN-OV, respectivement. La sous-alimentation a un effet inverse avec une diminution du poids de la bosse de 41 % pour le lot OV-UN et de 4 % pour le lot UN-OV. La teneur en lipides de la bosse diminue egalement significativement de 63,6 a 53,0 % pour le lot OV-UN et de maniere non significative de 58,0 a 54,2 % pour le lot UN-OV. De meme, la sous-alimentation diminue significativement le volume des adipocytes de 253 a 167 et de 292 a 275 pL pour les lots OV-UN et UN-OV, respectivement. Une correlation hautement significative est observee entre le volume des adipocytes de la bosse et sa teneur en lipides. La faible vitesse de variation de la taille de la bosse, de sa teneur en lipides et de la taille de ses adipocytes sont probablement des particularites liees aux mecanismes d'adaptation du dromadaire a la sous alimentation dans les zones arides. (Resume d'auteur)

Australia Culls Ships of the Desert

Australia Culls Ships of the Desert

The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse

The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse

Serological Evidence Of Rabies Virus Infection Of Slaughter Camels (Camelus Dromedarus) Imported To Nigeria

A survey of antibodies against rabies virus was carried out in camels imported for slaughter at Maiduguri municipal abattoir in Borno State, Nigeria. Out of the 256 camel sera tested, 18 (7%) had complement-fixing antibody against rabies virus antigen. Significant difference (P Keywords : Rabies, complement fixation test, dromedary camels, Nigeria Tropical Veterinarian Vol. 23 (3 &4) 2005: pp. 78-82

The Production and Characterization of Novel Heavy-Chain Antibodies Against the Tandem Repeat Region of MUC1 Mucin

Camelidae are known to produce immunoglobulins (Igs) devoid of light chains and constant heavy-chain domains (CH1). Antigen-specific fragments of these heavy-chain IgGs (VHH) are of great interest in biotechnology applications. This paper describes the first example of successfully raised heavy-chain antibodies in Camelus dromedarius (single-humped camel) and Camelus bactrianus (two-humped camel) against a MUC1 related peptide that is found to be an important epitope expressed in cancerous tissue. Camels were immunized against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the tandem repeat region of MUC1 mucin and cancerous tissue preparation obtained from patients suffering from breast carcinoma. Three IgG subclasses with different binding properties to protein A and G were purified by affinity chromatography. Both conventional and heavy-chain IgG antibodies were produced in response to MUC1-related peptide. The elicited antibodies could react specifically with the tandem repeat region of MUC1 mucin in an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Anti-peptide antibodies were purified after passing antiserum over two affinity chromatography columns. Using ELISA, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, the interaction of purified antibodies with different antigens was evaluated. The antibodies were observed to be selectively bound to antigens namely: MUC1 peptide (tandem repeat region), human milk fat globule membrane (HMFG), deglycosylated human milk fat globule membrane (D-HMFG), homogenized cancerous breast tissue and a native MUC1 purified from ascitic fluid. Ka values of specific polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies were estimated in C. dromedarius and C. bactrianus, as 7 × 1010 M− 1 and 1.4 × 1010 M− 1 respectively.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of Thiamphenicol in Camels and Sheep

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of Thiamphenicol in Camels and Sheep

Detection of BVDV Associated with Mortalities in Camels

Detection of BVDV Associated with Mortalities in Camels

Production of novel recombinant single-domain antibodies against tandem repeat region of MUC1 mucin.

Recently, the existence of "heavy-chain" antibody in Camelidae has been described. However, as yet there is no data on the binding of this type of antibody to peptides. In addition, there was not any report of production of single-domain antibodies in two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus). In the present study, these questions are addressed. We showed the feasibility of immunizing old world camels, cloning the repertoire of the variable domain of their heavy-chain antibodies, panning and selection, leading to the successful identification of minimum-sized antigen binders. Antigen-specific fragments of the heavy-chain IgGs (V(HH)) are of great interest in biotechnology because they are very stable, highly soluble, and react specifically and with high affinity to the antigens. In this study, we immunized two camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) with homogenized cancerous tissues, synthetic peptide, and human milk fat globule membrane (HMFG), and generated two V(HH) libraries displayed on phage particles. Some single-domain antibody fragments have been isolated that specifically recognize the tandem repeat region of MUC1. The camels' single-domain V(HH) harbor the original, intact antigen binding site and reacted specifically and with high affinity to the tandem repeat region of MUC1. Indeed soluble, specific antigen binders and good affinities (in the range of 0.2 x 10(9) M(-1) to 0.6 x 10(9) M(-1)) were identified from these libraries. This is the first example of the isolation of camel anti-peptide V(HH) domains.

Some studies on renal affections in camels

Some studies on renal affections in camels

The Iconography of A Camel Fight

The Iconography of A Camel Fight

Histological Notes on the Ovary, Oviduct, Uterine Horn, Uterine Body and Cervix of a Two-humped Camel (<i>Camelus bactrianus</i>)

Histological Notes on the Ovary, Oviduct, Uterine Horn, Uterine Body and Cervix of a Two-humped Camel (<i>Camelus bactrianus</i>)

Accounting Data and Bank Future Failure: A Model for Indonesia

Bank or Depository institution failures are widely perceived to have greater adverse effects on the economy and thus are considered more important than those of other types of business firms. In part, banks failures are viewed to be more damaging than other failures because of a fear that they may spread in domino fashion throughout the banking system. Thus, the failure of an individual bank introduces the possibility of system wide failures or systemic risk. This perception is widespread. It appears to exist in almost every country at almost every point in time regardless of the existing economic or political structure. As a result, bank failures have been and continue to be a major public policy concern in all countries and a major reason that banks are regulated more rigorously than other firms. This research investigates and presents a model of bankruptcy prediction for the Indonesian banking system using accounting data. The study evaluates to what extent balance sheet (BS) and the off- balance sheet (OBS) items, as prescribed in the CAMEL (Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Management, Earning and Liquidity) ratings system, can be used as an early warning of bank failure. The study also investigates what are really the most important determinants of bank failure. This research may provide the Indonesian Banking Supervision Agency with a new tool that may help them in developing an early warning system for predicting future possible problems in the Indonesian banking system.

From Joe Camel to Hip, Fit Girls!

From Joe Camel to Hip, Fit Girls!

OF RUKHS AND ROOKS, CAMELS AND CASTLES

rukh. They say that this is an animal that looks like a camel (ba'lr). He has two humps, and tusks. One has to be wary of all the parts of his body: his flesh, his blood, his spittle and his dung. No animal can pass him when he has sighted it, for he can run faster than the wind and overtakes all other animals. If an animal fleeing from him gets high up in a tree or on another high place where he cannot reach it, he stops in front of it and spreads his tail so that it has the shape of a big shovel. Then he pees in it and throws his urine to the animal he is pursuing. His tail is membrane-like, so that it can easily be spread and used to hold something. If the fleeing animal then [several letters unreadable] comes down, he defaecates on it. If his urine or faeces land on an animal, it dies. The rukh in chess is called after him, because it is stronger than all the other pieces.

The carpet programming environment for solving scientific problems on parallel computers

Cellular automata can be used to design high-performance applications in several science and engineering fields. This paper describes the development of scientific applications using CARPET, a high-level programming language based on the cellular automata theory. CARPET is a programming language designed for supporting the development of parallel high-performance software abstracting from the parallel architecture on which programs run. It exploits the computing power of a highly parallel computer while releasing a user from using explicit parallel constructs. A CARPET implementation has been used for programming cellular algorithms in the CAMEL parallel environment. A CARPET user may write programs to describe the actions of a very large number of simple active agents interacting locally. During execution the CARPET run-time environment allows a user to observe, also in a graphical format, the global results that arises from parallel execution. Aider describing the main constructs of CARPET, the paper discusses how the language can be effectively utilized to solve real-world complex problems, such as landslide simulations, and it shows performance figures.

Twinning in camels

Twinning in camels

Camels and Weaving

Camels and Weaving

Of Rukhs and Rooks, Camels and Castles

Of Rukhs and Rooks, Camels and Castles

On the morphology of the liver in the two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus).

The liver of a two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus) was examined by means of gross anatomy and histology. The liver appeared characteristically as an enlarged triangle in visceral aspect, and showed the following lobation: the left lateral and medial lobes, the right lobe, the caudate lobe and the quadrate lobe. These findings were similar to those for the one-humped camel. Histologically, a distinct lobulation, a typical arrangement of the interlobular connective tissue, and the trias was confirmed.

Mortalité du chamelon et mesures envisagées dans des troupeaux de systèmes pastoraux au Nord Kenya. Point de vue

Une analyse comparative des pratiques, de la production et de la productivité de trois systèmes pastoraux camelins (Rendille Gabra et Somali) au Nord Kenya a été réalisée par la technique d'analyse généalogique, les questionnaires sur les pratiques et une approche de modélisation bioéconomique. Sur la base des données généalogiques provenant de 1 506 chamelons Rendilles (RE), 789 Gabra (GA) et 1 206 Somali (SO), nés entre 1980 et 1995, cette étude présente une information quantitative sur l'importance des pertes et leurs causes sous-jacentes. L'effet des pertes sur la productivité globale du troupeau a été évalué pour les trois systèmes par l'intermédiaire d'un modèle bioéconomique. Le taux de mortalité moyen des chamelons de 0-1 an a été de 27 p. 100 chez les RE, 22 p. 100 chez les GA et 31 p. 100 chez les SO avec une variabilité importante selon l'année (respectivement 5-87, 12-67 et 11-42 p. 100). La mortalité des chamelons SO a été significativement plus élevée chez les mâles que chez les femelles (35 vs 28 p. 100). Les maladies ont été à l'origine de la plupart des pertes (59, 71 et 82 p. 100 respectivement chez les RE, GA et SO). Les mortalités dues à la sécheresse (respectivement 22, 21 et 1 p. 100), aux prédateurs (9, 6 et 7 p. 100) et aux accidents (2, 5 et 3 p. 100) ont été d'importance mineure. Celles qui étaient liées à des causes inconnues ont représenté 7 à 10 p. 100 de l'ensemble des pertes des trois systèmes. Quelques maladies majeures, comme le syndrome entéritique, les maladies cutanées, la septicémie et les infections par les tiques, ont été responsables de 66, 83 et 65 p. 100 des pertes dans les trois systèmes respectifs. L'analyse des causes de mortalité et des modes de gestion associés a montré qu'en modifiant la gestion du colostrum on pouvait réduire la mortalité considérablement. Cependant, les pastoralistes n'appliquent pas à leurs méthodes les changements recommandés par les personnes de l'extérieur, même si des résultats prometteurs leur sont garantis. Ils évalueront d'abord ces propositions de changement à la lumière de leurs connaissances sur les relations de cause à effet à l'intérieur de leur système de production. C'est d'abord en comprenant le raisonnement de ces éleveurs que des activités de recherche et de développement pourront être identifiées pour les systèmes de production pastoraux.