Two-dimensional Code Research Articles

Preparation of water polyacrylate coated trademark fabrics and its inkjet printing performance

Trademark fabric was prepared with the water polyacrylate as a coating agent and a compound of kaolin and CaCO3 as filler to study the fabric’s digital inkjet printing performance. Results showed that a 7:5 ratio of kaolin and CaCO3 in the fabric produced uneven pores; the best ink absorption, quick-drying performance and the best printing sharpness and the highest colourfastness to crocking. The coating slurry included 100 g water, 25 g EC-507 modified styrene acrylic emulsion, 75 g compound filler (kaolin and CaCO3 according to mass ratio 7:5), 1.5 g dispersant and 0.375 g crosslinking agent. The optimised coating process was a baking temperature of 150 °C and a baking time of 90 s. The fabric was printed upon using an Epson label printer, producing a printing pattern with good printing sharpness (e.g. lines had no bleeding phenomenon, text and patterns were clear, colours were better and printed two-dimensional codes were scannable).

Effect of Intermediate Principal Stress on the Bearing Capacity of Footings in Soft Rock

The bearing capacity for footings is a fundamental scientific problem in civil engineering. The evaluation of the bearing capacity of footings usually does not take into account the effect of the intermediate principal stress. In practice, the intermediate principal stress has certain influences on the strength of geomaterials (e.g., rock and soil) or concrete. In this paper, a series of numerical solutions are presented to evaluate the bearing capacity of footings in a soft rock foundation via a two-dimensional finite difference code (FLAC) with a strain hardening/softening constitutive model based on the unified strength theory (UST). The values of the bearing capacity factor Nc and Nγ for strip, circular and square footings in a soft rock foundation were evaluated using the strain hardening/softening constitutive model. The effect of the intermediate principal stress on the bearing capacity of strip, circular and square footings in a soft rock foundation was analyzed. The results of the numerical computation show that the intermediate principal stress has a significant influence on the bearing capacity and failure mechanisms of a soft rock medium. The influence of the intermediate principal stress on the peak and residual values of the bearing capacity for a strip footing is much greater than for circular and square footings. Research works for the reasonable estimation of the bearing capacity of footings in soft rock are facilitated by this study.

Failure Characteristics and Mechanism of Multiface Slopes under Earthquake Load Based on PFC Method

Understanding the failure mechanism and failure modes of multiface slopes in the Wenchuan earthquake can provide a scientific guideline for the slope seismic design. In this paper, the two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D) and shaking table tests are used to study the failure mechanism of multiface slopes. The results show that the failure modes of slopes with different moisture content are different under seismic loads. The failure modes of slopes with the moisture content of 5%, 8%, and 12% are shattering-shallow slip, tension-shear slip, and shattering-collapse slip, respectively. The failure mechanism of slopes with different water content is different. In the initial stage of vibration, the slope with 5% moisture content produces tensile cracks on the upper surface of the slope; local shear slip occurs at the foot of the slope and develops rapidly; however, a tensile failure finally occurs. In the slope with 8% moisture content, local shear cracks first develop and then are connected into the slip plane, leading to the formation of the unstable slope. A fracture network first forms in the slope with 12% moisture content under the shear action; uneven dislocation then occurs in the slope during vibration; the whole instability failure finally occurs. In the case of low moisture content, the tensile crack plays a leading role in the failure of the slope. But the influence of shear failure becomes greater with the increase of the moisture content.

Entanglement Renormalization of Thermofield Double States.

Entanglement renormalization is a method for "coarse graining" a quantum state in real space, with the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz as a notable example. We obtain an entanglement renormalization scheme for finite-temperature (Gibbs) states by applying the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz to their canonical purification, the thermofield double state. As an example, we find an analytically exact renormalization circuit for a finite-temperature two-dimensional toric code that maps it to a coarse-grained system with a renormalized higher temperature, thus explicitly demonstrating its lack of topological order. Furthermore, we apply this scheme to one-dimensional free boson models at a finite temperature and find that the thermofield double corresponding to the critical thermal state is described by a Lifshitz theory. We numerically demonstrate the relevance and irrelevance of various perturbations under real space renormalization.

A coupled experimental and numerical simulation of concretejoints' behaviors in tunnel support using concrete specimens

The experimentally tested modelled specimens were simulated by a two-dimensional particle flow code to study the behavior of rock mass surrounding a tunnel interacted with a nearby rock joint or discontinuity. The specially prepared specimens are tested in the laboratory and the measured results are provided. Then a numerical modelling of these tests is accomplished by a calibrated two-dimensional particle flow code to study the rock tunnel behavior while interacting with a neighboring joint. The two-dimensional discrete element code was calibrated using Brazilian tensile test. Then the modelled specimens are provided so that various configurations of tunnel cross sections and the neighboring joints were tested under uniaxial compression condition. This study showed that the tensile cracks are the most dominant mode occurred in these modelled samples. The wing cracks initiated from the joint tips when the joints interacted in a position less than that of the tunnel height. These cracks are then propagated and interacted with the tunnel ceiling. When the joint interacting the tunnel head and the interaction angle is negative the tunnel can be in a stable position considering the joints effect on its instability situation. But for positive interaction angles and the case of joint existing near the tunnel head, the wing cracks may initiate and propagate towards the tunnel ceiling. As the distance of joint from the tunnel ceiling is increased its effect on the tunnel instability is decreased because the failure stress is increased. The number of joints and their distance with the tunnel boundary (ceiling) have also a profound effect on the stability condition of the tunnel. The failure stress reached its maximum value for the increase from -30 to -60 degrees or increase from 30 to 60 degrees. The failure stress also decreased as the number of notches and their lengths increased. In all these interaction scenarios, the corresponding numerical and experimental values compared and it is concluded that the failure stresses are very close to each other which verified the accuracy and applicability of the proposed modeling technic.

Stress shadow effect during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing with different wellbore arrangements

Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was simulated using a two-dimensional universal distinct element code (UDEC). Five fracturing stages were considered along horizontally (i.e. parallel to the minor principal stress direction)- and diagonally (i.e. inclined to the minor principal stress direction)-positioned wellbores within the pay zone, where the spacing between wells was changed to 50 m and 100 m. Progressive fracture propagation and the evolution of stress shadow with sequential multi-stage fracturing were monitored. A marked stress shadow was observed for closer well spacings under both horizontal and diagonal well arrangements, leading to a significantly asymmetric fracture propagation about the wellbore. The diagonal well arrangement showed a nearly unidirectional fracture propagation after the first stage for the closer well spacing case. Fractures of sequential stages predominantly developed in alternating directions at greater well spacings irrespective of the wellbore arrangement. Progressive fracture development also showed that fractures created at earlier stages could further extend due to the stress shadow of later fracturing stages, and this effect is more pronounced for closer well spacings. After five stages, the overall fracture lengths indicate that a higher fractured area was created by horizontal well arrangement for any case of well spacing. Finally, the importance of optimizing the fractured area and fracture controllability to contain the fractures within the pay zone was highlighted.

Design of power decommissioning material management system based on RFID technology

Due to the existence of many interference factors, the recognition rate of the existing power decommissioning material management system is low when reading material labels, so a power decommissioning material management system based on RFID technology is designed. In the hardware part, RF transmitting circuit and receiving circuit are designed to collect and process the specific information of decommissioning material tags in real time. In the software part, the main performance requirements of the system are determined according to the business process of power decommissioning materials management. Radio frequency identification technology is used to identify the communication tag of decommissioning electrical materials, and the system function module is designed to realize the data transmission between the system function module and the non-contact communication tag. The experimental results show that the label recognition rate of the system designed in this paper is 10.08% and 6.17% higher than that of the management system based on one-dimensional bar code recognition technology and twodimensional bar code recognition technology, respectively. The system has good ability of reading and identifying the labels of decommissioning materials, which is conducive to improving the information management level of power enterprise.

Research on QR image code recognition system based on artificial intelligence algorithm

Abstract The QR code recognition often faces the challenges of uneven background fluctuations, inadequate illuminations, and distortions due to the improper image acquisition method. This makes the identification of QR codes difficult, and therefore, to deal with this problem, artificial intelligence-based systems came into existence. To improve the recognition rate of QR image codes, this article adopts an improved adaptive median filter algorithm and a QR code distortion correction method based on backpropagation (BP) neural networks. This combination of artificial intelligence algorithms is capable of fitting the distorted QR image into the geometric deformation pattern, and QR code recognition is accomplished. The two-dimensional code distortion is addressed in this study, which was a serious research issue in the existing software systems. The research outcomes obtained after emphasizing on the preprocessing stage of the image revealed that a significant improvement of 14% is observed for the reading rate of QR image code, after processing by the system algorithm in this article. The artificial intelligence algorithm adopted has a certain effect in improving the recognition rate of the two-dimensional code image.

Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction

Realizing the potential of quantum computing requires sufficiently low logical error rates1. Many applications call for error rates as low as 10−15 (refs. 2–9), but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error rates near 10−3 (refs. 10–14). Quantum error correction15–17 promises to bridge this divide by distributing quantum logical information across many physical qubits in such a way that errors can be detected and corrected. Errors on the encoded logical qubit state can be exponentially suppressed as the number of physical qubits grows, provided that the physical error rates are below a certain threshold and stable over the course of a computation. Here we implement one-dimensional repetition codes embedded in a two-dimensional grid of superconducting qubits that demonstrate exponential suppression of bit-flip or phase-flip errors, reducing logical error per round more than 100-fold when increasing the number of qubits from 5 to 21. Crucially, this error suppression is stable over 50 rounds of error correction. We also introduce a method for analysing error correlations with high precision, allowing us to characterize error locality while performing quantum error correction. Finally, we perform error detection with a small logical qubit using the 2D surface code on the same device18,19 and show that the results from both one- and two-dimensional codes agree with numerical simulations that use a simple depolarizing error model. These experimental demonstrations provide a foundation for building a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computer with superconducting qubits.

Information signs on the labeling of leased goods and their purpose

The article discusses the structure of marking as a means of commodity information about leased goods. It has been established that information signs are the most important element of marking. Their classification into groups and subgroups is carried out; the purpose of certain types and varieties of information signs, most common on leased goods, is revealed. The defi nitions of the main terms, as well as their advantages in use, are presented. The division of barcodes into linear and two-dimensional ones and the advantages of two-dimensional codes are considered.

Challenges for Developing and Marketing a Brayton-Cycle-Based Power Genset Gas Turbine Using Supercritical CO2 and a Compressor Design for Simple Recuperated Cycle

AbstractSince the 1960s, the idea of using supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) as the working fluid in a Brayton power cycle has been entertained (Angelino, 1968). But due to technical limitations of the time, the idea did not progress forward much. Presently, due to the availability of more know-how, better technological platform, and advanced analysis tools, many believe it is time to revisit the idea of using s-CO2 as the working fluid for power generation. Among various working fluids, s-CO2 has several significant advantages over other fluids. Primarily, the attractive qualities of s-CO2 are high efficiency, much smaller turbomachinery size and plant footprint (and therefore lower capital cost), and the potential for full carbon capture. However, the realization of these benefits will depend on overcoming several technical, engineering, and materials science challenges. Even though theoretically, the concept is highly attractive and promising, there are yet major hurdles to be passed, namely, the designing, developing, and testing a reasonable size (10 MWe or higher) prototype of a s-CO2 Brayton-cycle-based power gas turbine. This paper reviews the s-CO2 Brayton cycle technologies for power generation and critically assesses the recent challenges and development status. Further, a two-dimensional in-house code was utilized to design an impeller for an s-CO2 simple recuperated Brayton cycle, generating 10-MWe power. The results were validated first with Eckardt’s design which is often referred to as a benchmark due to the most extensive measurements he performed on centrifugal compressors. Then, a centrifugal compressor was designed by the present authors for a simple recuperated cycle, and the results were reported in detail. The results show that the designed compressor has a wide operation range, making it a viable option to be employed for the commercialization purpose of a 10-MWe s-CO2 Brayton cycle.

MULTISENSORY COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DRUGS DYDROGESTERONE, TROXERUTIN AND ADEMETIONINE USING BARCODES

The aim of this study is to develop a universal, rapid and affordable method for the identification of dydrogesterone, troxerutin, and ademetionine in drugs by multisensor digital colorimetry using a unique two-dimensional code. The developed approach can be applied to rapid detection of counterfeit drugs at the preliminary stage of the analysis (before using more expensive specialized equipment). Materials and methods. To implement the proposed approach, the substances of dydrogesterone (“Abbott Biologicals B.V.”, Netherlands), troxerutin (JSC “Interfarma”, Prague, Czech Republic) and ademetionine (LLC “Farmamed”, Moscow, Russia) , troxerutin capsules 300 mg (LLC “Pranafarm”, Samara, Russia), lyophilisate for an intravenous solution and the intramuscular administration “Heptral” ® (ademetionine) 400 mg (“Abbott Laboratories”, GMBH, Germany), tablets “Duphaston” ® (dydrogesterone) 10 mg (“Abbott Healthcare Products B.V.”, Netherlands), were used. A multisensor colorimetry method has been implemented using the following set of 8 sensors (C 1 -C 8 ): an intact solution – a 96% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution – C 1 ; 1 mM alcoholic solution of anthraquinone green (CAS#4403-90-1) – C 2 ; a 0.2% aqueous solution of 3-methylbenzothiazolinone hydrazone (CAS#1128-67-2) – C 3 ; a 0.2% methyl orange aqueous solution (CAS#547-58-0) – C 4 ; a 1 mM alcoholic solution of sulforhodamine B (CAS#3520-42-1) – C 5 ; a 1 mM alcoholic solution of 1-hydroxypyrene (CAS#5315-79-7) – C 6 ; 1 mM alcoholic solution of allura red AC (CAS#25956-17-6) – C 7 ; a 1 mM aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride – C 8 . Transparent flat-bottomed polypropylene plates with 96 cells, with a cell volume of 350 µl (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA, cat. No. 430341) were used as a base for the chip. For obtaining raster images, an Epson Perfection 1670 office flatbed scanner (CCD-matrix) with a removable cover was used. The obtained digital images of the cells were processed using the ImageJ software (Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health, USA; http://imagej.nih.gov/ij) with a 24-bit RGB color model (8 bits per channel). Results. The adequacy of the developed approach was confirmed by the analysis of the above-listed drugs. It has been shown that the results obtained have no statistically significant differences from the values determined by the spectrophotometric method. Conclusion. The possibility of using multisensor digital colorimetry for pharmaceutical analysis has been shown. The developed methods for the identification of the active substances can serve as a good supplement to the more expensive traditional methods.

Effect of Reynolds number on amplitude branches of vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder

The effect of Reynolds number on curves of the transverse-only motion amplitude of a circular cylinder with the body mass m∗=0.935 and the damping ratio ζ=0.00502 in the turbulent flow range is investigated systematically using a two-dimensional in-house code developed based on lattice Boltzmann method. Large eddy simulation is chosen as the turbulence model to describe viscous, incompressible and Newtonian fluid and the immersed boundary method is used to impose the boundary condition on the moving cylinder surface. Multi-block model is adopted to improve the accuracy and the computational efficiency. It is well established that when the variation of Reynolds number changes with the reduced velocity, there are three branches in the motion amplitude curve of a low mass cylinder, including initial, upper and lower branches connected by two jumps. However, in the present work, Reynolds number and reduced velocity are considered as independent parameters. Detailed results are provided for the variations of motion amplitude, motion frequency and lift coefficient against the reduced velocity in the lock-in region at different fixed Reynolds numbers. The results show that at a fixed Reynolds number the motion amplitude curve has two branches. At lower range of Reynolds number calculated, there are only initial and upper branches, and at higher range, there are only upper and lower branches. Also, the motion amplitude against the Reynolds number near the jumps is studied when the reduced velocity is fixed. It shows that the values of amplitude near the jumps are very sensitive to Reynolds number.

Entanglement clustering for ground-stateable quantum many-body states

Despite their fundamental importance in dictating the quantum mechanical properties of a system, ground states of many-body local quantum Hamiltonians form a set of measure zero in the many-body Hilbert space. Hence determining whether a given many-body quantum state is ground-stateable is a challenging task. Here we propose an unsupervised machine learning approach, dubbed the Entanglement Clustering ("EntanCl"), to separate out ground-stateable wave functions from those that must be excited state wave functions using entanglement structure information. EntanCl uses snapshots of an ensemble of swap operators as input and projects this high dimensional data to two-dimensions, preserving important topological features of the data associated with distinct entanglement structure using the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). The projected data is then clustered using K-means clustering with $k=2$. By applying EntanCl to two examples, a one-dimensional band insulator and the two-dimensional toric code, we demonstrate that EntanCl can successfully separate ground states from excited states with high computational efficiency. Being independent of a Hamiltonian and associated energy estimates, EntanCl offers a new paradigm for addressing quantum many-body wave functions in a computationally efficient manner.

Cost of Universality: A Comparative Study of the Overhead of State Distillation and Code Switching with Color Codes

Estimating and reducing the overhead of fault tolerance (FT) schemes is a crucial step toward realizing scalable quantum computers. Of particular interest are schemes based on two-dimensional (2D) topological codes such as the surface and color codes which have high thresholds but lack a natural implementation of a non-Clifford gate. In this work, we directly compare two leading FT implementations of the T gate in 2D color codes under circuit noise across a wide range of parameters in regimes of practical interest. We report that implementing the T gate via code switching to a 3D color code does not offer substantial savings over state distillation in terms of either space or space-time overhead. We find a circuit noise threshold of 0.07(1)% for the T gate via code switching, almost an order of magnitude below that achievable by state distillation in the same setting. To arrive at these results, we provide and simulate an optimized code switching procedure, and bound the effect of various conceivable improvements. Many intermediate results in our analysis may be of independent interest. For example, we optimize the 2D color code for circuit noise yielding its largest threshold to date 0.37(1)%, and adapt and optimize the restriction decoder finding a threshold of 0.80(5)% for the 3D color code with perfect measurements under Z noise. Our work provides a much-needed direct comparison of the overhead of state distillation and code switching, and sheds light on the choice of future FT schemes and hardware designs.

Fine Mesh Finite Difference acceleration method based on the Generalized Equivalence Theory for the 2-D MOC transport calculation

Normally, the pin-cell-based Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) method is directly used to accelerate the high-fidelity neutron transport calculations. However, the acceleration effect still has a bottleneck due to the fact that only the pin-cell homogenized flux can be used to update the fine-mesh flux, such as the flat-source-region flux for MOC calculation. In this paper, a Fine Mesh Finite Difference (FMFD) method based on the Flat Source Region (FSR) level is proposed and implemented in a two-dimensional transport code using Method Of Characteristics (MOC). FMFD could avoid the mapping error from pin-cell-wise mesh to fine FSR mesh. However, the solution of the FMFD system is time-consuming since the scale of the FMFD system is much larger than that of the pin-cell-based CMFD system. Therefore, Two-Level (TL) acceleration scheme is performed where the pin-cell-based CMFD is used to accelerate the solution of FMFD system. Both of these two acceleration methods are based on the Generalized Equivalence Theory (GET). Fourier analysis and numerical results show that FMFD with TL is more efficiency than conventional CMFD.

A Traceability Public Service Cloud Platform Incorporating IDcode System and Colorful QR Code Technology for Important Product

At present, the epidemic situation of COVID-19 is raging rampantly in the whole world, affecting the hearts of billions of people. The new coronavirus has been detected in many foods and agricultural products. At the same time, vaccines and medicines to prevent or treat COVID-19 are also stepping up research and development and gradually put into use. The quality and safety of foods, medicines, and agricultural products are directly related to the lives and health of people. There are many potential dangers and hidden risks of accidents in the production, sale, and transportation of dangerous goods and special equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively monitor and record the workflow of the above productions or goods. In this paper, we developed an important product traceability public service cloud platform (IPTPSCP) based on batch identification and record keeping with International Two-Dimensional Code Object Identifier System (IDcode) coding rules. Through a case study of the tea factory that produces and sells Xinyang Maojian tea, a test and implementation of IPTPSCP was shown by designing a colorful QR code to prevent the traceability information from being forged in batches. Judging from the overall effect of the practical application of more than a dozen settled enterprises, IPTPSCP has improved the efficiency of data collection and monitoring by about 13%. The results show that the IPTPSCP can be considered as an effective tool to guarantee the quality and safety of products. Besides, since it is not required for the enterprise to invest much money and manpower to develop software, IPTPSCP reduces the cost of implementing product traceability by about 36%.

Design of Face QR Code Recognition System based on PCA

This article discusses the face two-dimensional code recognition technology, using the PCA algorithm to study the dimensionality reduction processing process of the face image. Based on the analysis of QR encoding and decoding methods, the generation of face two-dimensional codes is realized. Choose 140 pictures in ORL face database as the experimental data set, study the face two-dimensional code recognition system, and realize a process of face recognition. The experimental results show that the face image data has a large dimension, and the principal component analysis method can be used to obtain the key data. Through the experiment, PCA can be used to reduce the dimensionality to obtain the effective information of the face, and to encode and decode the two-dimensional code. The ZXing two-dimensional code open source library called by the experiment has high experimental efficiency, which is beneficial to improve the operating efficiency of face two-dimensional code recognition and facilitate the machine to complete the simulation.

Patient Satisfaction in Shanghai Hospitals

The objective of this paper is to study patients’ satisfaction degree with the hospital, environment, medical service and staff in several hospitals in Shanghai. With the questionnaire survey method, two-dimensional code is set up in every department to investigate satisfaction degree of patients. The research data input, collection and analysis are used the tools of Excel and SPSS19.0. A total of 6144 questionnaires were obtained. Analysis of objective data shows that patients’ satisfaction degree with every department is 4.41 (3.05–4.92). And subjective data analysis shows that patients’ satisfaction degree with facial faculties, surgery, internal medicine, outpatient department, infusion room, general practice, emergency treatment, pharmacy department, neurology, rehabilitation department, traditional Chinese medicine department, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology department, health service station and the others is as follows: 0.75, 0.28, 0.22, [Formula: see text]0.09, 0.32, 1.00, [Formula: see text]0.12, [Formula: see text]0.14, 0.63, 1.00, 0.60, [Formula: see text]0.09, 0.33, 1.00, 0.14. And patients’ satisfaction degree with service, environmental, convenience, medicine, order, administrative management, logistic service and time is as follows: 0.84, 0.91, 0.17, 0.91, [Formula: see text]0.16, 0.01, [Formula: see text]0.46, [Formula: see text]0.49. The difference of patients’ satisfaction degree between each department is related to patients’ special status, especially when treat is difficult and disease is severe. Because of different links with patients’ need, these factors have different influences on patients’ emotional tendencies. Hospitals should enhance patients’ satisfaction degree by optimizing resource allocation and department order, reducing waiting time, increasing visiting time, improving administration, attaching importance to logistics and intensifying infrastructure construction.

Implementation of QR Code Recognition Technology Using Smartphone Camera for Indoor Positioning

Numerous studies on positioning technology are ongoing for recognizing the positions of objects accurately. Vision-, sensor-, and signal-based technologies are combined for recognizing the positions of objects outdoors and indoors. While positioning technologies involving wireless communication based on sensors and signals are commonly used in outdoor environments, the performance becomes degraded in indoor environments. Therefore, a vision-based indoor positioning method using a QR code is proposed in this study. A user’s position is measured by determining the current position of a smartphone device accurately based on the QR code recognized with a smartphone camera. The direction, distance, and position are acquired using the relationship between the three-dimensional spatial coordinate information of the camera and the center point coordinates of a two-dimensional planar QR code obtained through camera calibration.