Abstract
Numerous studies on positioning technology are ongoing for recognizing the positions of objects accurately. Vision-, sensor-, and signal-based technologies are combined for recognizing the positions of objects outdoors and indoors. While positioning technologies involving wireless communication based on sensors and signals are commonly used in outdoor environments, the performance becomes degraded in indoor environments. Therefore, a vision-based indoor positioning method using a QR code is proposed in this study. A user’s position is measured by determining the current position of a smartphone device accurately based on the QR code recognized with a smartphone camera. The direction, distance, and position are acquired using the relationship between the three-dimensional spatial coordinate information of the camera and the center point coordinates of a two-dimensional planar QR code obtained through camera calibration.
Highlights
Implementation of QR CodeIndoor positioning systems (IPS) are used for locating people or objects in an indoor environment
A quadrangle is created based on the coordinates of the center of four reference symbols in the QR code recognized with a smartphone camera
This paper has proposed a vision-based indoor positioning technology using a smartphone camera and QR code
Summary
Indoor positioning systems (IPS) are used for locating people or objects in an indoor environment. More interest has grown in IPS technologies as they enable a number of location-based indoor tracking solutions, including applications such as behavior recognition, asset tracking, healthcare, and smart building. Location-based services such as geographic information, street view and satellite map have been developed for smartphone users by using the global positioning system (GPS) [1], which works well in outdoor positioning. The performance is not good for indoor positioning as the indoor terminal cannot get the signal from satellites directly. The increased density with increased number of reference tags may generate RF interferences. The Wi-Fi based localization technique is another prominent tool for indoor positioning. Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning [3] have been more widely used in buildings than other local methods like RFID.
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