Turmeric Oil Research Articles

Combustion Analysis on Compression Engine by using Blends of Methyl Ester, Diesel and Turmeric Oil as an Additive

Combustion Analysis on Compression Engine by using Blends of Methyl Ester, Diesel and Turmeric Oil as an Additive

Effect of Piston Geometry on Performance Characteristics of VCR Engine with and without EGR when Fueled with Blends of Methyl Ester

The growing population and exhaustion of fossil fuels necessitate our search for new sources of energy. The study for this research encompasses an amalgamation of interest in alternative fuels, advanced engine technology such as variable compression ratio VCR, engine component modification, and a methodical approach to testing for assessing the effects on key performance of the engine. A 3.5 kW compression ignition (CI) engine was fueled with blends of behada, chicken fat, and turmeric oil methyl ester. Engine operating parameters, such as the compression ratio (CR), rate of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and piston top geometry, are optimized to maximize engine performance. CI engine was modified by changing the piston head (square and tangential groove top) for methyl ester diesel blend operations. In the study, diesel fuel is designated as B00 and methyl ester as B20. The influence of compression ratio (CR16 and CR18) with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR 0% and EGR 10%) was evaluated. The key performance indicators: brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are investigated. Results indicate that an increase in BTE accompanies an increase in load, suggesting enhanced thermal efficiency with increased power output. The consequence of VCR is also investigated, and it is determined that a higher CR results in a higher BTE due to an increase in compression pressure and temperature, thereby enhancing combustion. Due to the re-combustion of unburned hydrocarbons with the addition of EGR at a 10% rate, BTE increases further. Utilizing a piston geometry with tangential grooves and methyl ester blends also contributes to increased BTE. BSEC increases with increasing load, with an important rise observed when operating at maximum capacity. However,at CR 18, BSEC decreases as a result of enhanced combustion efficiency. EGR has different effects on BSEC depending on the geometry of the piston and the kind of fuel used. Enhanced air-fuel blending and re-combustion of unburned hydrocarbons reduce the BSEC of the engine. The tangential groove top piston operates with 10% EGR. Similar to BSEC, BSFC decreases with increasing CR and improves with the use of a piston with a tangential groove and 10% EGR operation. AFR decreases as the consumption of fuel increases to meet the power demand, and higher CR values result in a lower AFR. EGT rises with load, and CR18 has a lower EGT than CR16 as a result of a higher compressing temperature and pressure. 10% EGR operation reduces EGT by decreasing the concentration of oxygen in the combustible area.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Buffer and Application of Herbal Teat Dip on the Milk Composition of Lactating Rathi Cattle

Background: Nowadays, there is an increasing demand among the consumers for clean milk or superior quality milk and milk products. The current scenario of dairy sector in India showcases a low productivity among the indigenous dairy breeds which requires the employment of nutritional and managemental interventions to improve the milk quality as well as performance of lactating cattle. The use of buffers like trisodium citrate and herbal post milking herbal teat dip are part of such interventions. The current study is aimed at evaluating the effect of such interventions on the milk quality of lactating Rathi cattle. Methods: Twenty-four cattle were selected at LRS, Bikaner and divided into four treatment groups consisting of six cattle each. The experiment was conducted for 60 days, where T1 group was used as control, T2 group was given the basal diet along with oral supplementation of buffer trisodium citrate @ 30 mg/kg body weight, T3 group received the basal diet along with the topical application of herbal teat dip (aloe vera, turmeric, lemon extract and castor oil) and T4 group was given the basal diet along with a combination of oral supplementation of trisodium citrate @ 30 mg/kg body weight as well as the topical application. The milk samples of the experimental animals were examined for milk fat per cent, milk SNF per cent, milk lactose per cent and milk protein per cent. Result: The results of the study revealed that there was a significant effect (P less than 0.05) of buffer supplementation and application of herbal teat dip on milk fat per cent, whereas it was highly significant (P less than 0.01) for milk SNF per cent between the control and treatment groups. There was no significant effect observed in milk lactose percent or milk protein per cent.

Turmeric Essential Oil Constituents as Potential Drug Candidates: A Comprehensive Overview of Their Individual Bioactivities.

The therapeutic properties of turmeric essential oil have been extensively documented in both preclinical and clinical studies. Research indicates that its primary active compounds are promising candidates for addressing a wide range of pathologies, exhibiting anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, cardiovascular, hypoglycemic, dermatological, hepatoprotective, neurological, antiparasitic, antiviral, insecticidal, antifungal, and antivenom activities. While numerous compounds possess similar potential applications, the isolated active constituents of turmeric essential oil stand out due to their unique pharmacological profiles and absence of toxicity. This literature review meticulously compiles and analyzes the bioactivities of these constituents, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action, reported pharmacological effects, and potential therapeutic applications. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of currently available clinical and preclinical findings related to individual turmeric essential oil compounds, while also identifying critical knowledge gaps. By summarizing these findings, this work encourages further research into the isolated compounds from turmeric oil as viable drug candidates, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.

Potential of turmeric essential oil and wood vinegar for controlling golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Potential of turmeric essential oil and wood vinegar for controlling golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Study on the inhibition of the growth of skin pathogens by turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) essential oils

In Vietnam, turmeric is grown in Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Lam Dong, Quang Ngai, Nghe An, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Son La, Vinh Phuc and other provinces. The study's goal was to examine the chemical components and antimicrobial activity of turmeric essential oils on skin pathogens, which is critical. By the GC-MS method, nineteen chemical components in turmeric essential oil have been identified, of which six are hydrocarbons (such as 39.42% monoterpenes and 3.58% sesquiterpenes), and the rest are oxygenated hydrocarbons (8.09% alcohols, 3.12% aldehydes, and 44.24% ketones). The turmeric essential oils exhibited inhibitive effects on all of the test organisms. They showed excellent in vitro antimicrobial activity against all the tested skin pathogens, including gram-positive bacteria and yeast strains, with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.13 to 21.64 mm in diameter. The turmeric essential oils were most active against antibiotic-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 0.15 μL/mL). The MICs for turmeric essential oils ranged from 0.06 μL/mL to 0.68 μL/mL for all test microorganisms. These research results are a valuable premise for the development of research and the application of turmeric essential oil in medicine.

Plasticulture film coextruded with essential oils: sustainable protection of salad crops

ABSTRACT Plasticulture has revolutionised Farming production. In salad cultivation, the snail is the main pest that can cause significant economic losses. The present study focuses on the design of a new industrial mulching material co-extruded separately with three essential oils: cade, turmeric and cumin oil. Experimental tests carried out on a pilot system confirmed the repellent effect against this mollusc and the protection of lettuce weight loss by about 30%. Adhesion tests by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrate anti-adhesion properties of 80% when bioactive oils are incorporated into the industrial formulation of the plastic film. Application of the predictive theoretical approach confirms that the adhesion scores cannot be explained by the total adhesion energy and total hydrophobicity energy. This proves that these effects are the result of bioactive activity. This research work offers an innovative, practical and ecologically responsible alternative to protect lettuce crops against nuisances and pests.

Zedoary turmeric oil injection ameliorates lung inflammation via platelet factor 4 and regulates gut microbiota disorder in respiratory syncytial virus-infected young mice

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced lung inflammation is one of the main causes of hospitalization and easily causes disruption of intestinal homeostasis in infants, thereby resulting in a negative impact on their development. However, the current clinical drugs are not satisfactory. Zedoary turmeric oil injection (ZTOI), a patented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for clinical management of inflammatory diseases. However, its in vivo efficacy against RSV-induced lung inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.PurposeThe present study was designed to confirm the in vivo efficacy of ZTOI against lung inflammation and intestinal disorders in RSV-infected young mice and to explore the potential mechanism.Study design and methodsLung inflammation was induced by RSV, and cytokine antibody arrays were used to clarify the effectiveness of ZTOI in RSV pneumonia. Subsequently, key therapeutic targets of ZTOI against RSV pneumonia were identified through multi-factor detection and further confirmed. The potential therapeutic material basis of ZTOI in target tissues was determined by non-target mass spectrometry. After confirming that the pharmacological substances of ZTOI can reach the intestine, we used 16S rRNA-sequencing technology to study the effect of ZTOI on the intestinal bacteria.ResultsIn the RSV-induced mouse lung inflammation model, ZTOI significantly reduced the levels of serum myeloperoxidase, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and thymic stromal lymphoprotein; inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-10 and IL-6; and decreased pathological changes in the lungs. Immunofluorescence and qPCR experiments showed that ZTOI reduced RSV load in the lungs. According to cytokine antibody arrays, platelet factor 4 (PF4), a weak chemotactic factor mainly synthesized by megakaryocytes, showed a concentration-dependent change in lung tissues affected by ZTOI, which could be the key target for ZTOI to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, sesquiterpenes were enriched in the lungs and intestines, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory and regulatory effects on gut microbiota.ConclusionZTOI can protect from lung inflammation via PF4 and regulate gut microbiota disorder in RSV-infected young mice by sesquiterpenes, which provides reference for its clinical application in RSV-induced lung diseases.

Optimization of guar gum-based anti-browning coating for prolonging the shelf life of cut potatoes

The impact of guar gum (GG), crude algae ethanolic extract (CAEE), and turmeric essential oil (TEO) incorporated edible coating formulations on the quality of cut potatoes was investigated at room temperature (27 ± 3 °C, 70–85 % RH) storage using a rotatable central composite design. Besides, 30 % glycerol, 5 % calcium chloride, and 3 % ascorbic acid (w/w) were added to the coating solution as additives. The surface color, respiration rate, water vapor transmission rate, visible mold growth, and sensory analysis were assessed after seven days of storage. The inclusion of ascorbic acid and TEO in edible coating demonstrated a more effective delay in browning. The coated potatoes had lower OTR, CTR, and WVTR values for GG concentrations of 0.5 to 1 g/100 mL than the control. Compared to additives, higher concentrations of GG improved response parameters. The WVTR value of coated potatoes was significantly impacted by the interaction between CAEE and TEO with GG. Incorporating CAEE and TEO into the formulations of guar gum led to a reduction in the permeability of the coating to oxygen and water vapor. The seven days of extended shelf life compared to two days of control were observed with the optimized coating formulation. Furthermore, the application of the coating treatment proved effective in preventing enzymatic browning and creating a barrier against moisture and gases, contributing to prolonged freshness during extended storage periods.

Unraveling the antimicrobial activity of nutmeg and turmeric essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp.

The consumer demand for a reduction in the use of synthetic additives in food has been providing a greater search and incentive for the food industries to use new alternatives for food preservation. Among them, there is the initiative to use essential oils (EOs) due to their antimicrobial properties, coming from specific compounds in their compositions. However, in view of limitations related to the use of EOs, as well as their susceptibility to oxidation and degradation, the possibility arises of employing protection methods such as microencapsulation to minimize the impairment of the benefits associated with the application of EOs. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial effect of turmeric and nutmeg EOs against microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp., as well as the microparticles of the EOs involved. Analyses of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the developed microparticles, as well as the verification of the synergistic inhibitory action between these oils, were carried out. For free oils, antimicrobial action was evidenced against the vast majority of microorganisms tested, with free nutmeg EO having a better antimicrobial effect than free turmeric oil. In contrast, for encapsulated oils, only antimicrobial action was noted against strains of Listeria. Furthermore, the synergism of free oils did not potentiate the antimicrobial action. Regarding the alternative of microencapsulation of EOs, it was obtained that the results in which chitosan was used as wall material were more promising than when gelatin was used as wall material.

Effect of West Indian Bay Leaf (Pimenta racemosa) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Essential Oils on Preserving Raw Chicken Breasts.

While the use of chemical preservatives in meat may appear to be tremendously advantageous, they have long been purported to increase the risk of incidence of certain types of cancers. Consequently, many people have opted for minimally processed alternatives. This consumer shift has placed substantial pressure on the food industry to implement more natural alternatives to these synthetic preservatives in the meat industry. Research on plant extracts as potential agents for food additives is increasing. The bioactive components present in West Indian bay leaf and turmeric essential oils have a promising potential for use as novel, green preservatives in the meat industry. Raw chicken breast samples (28 g) were each treated with different volumes (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL) of the essential oil of West Indian bay leaf or turmeric or their mixture (1:1 to make up a final volume of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL). Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluations were performed on the fresh and treated samples stored for 14 days at 4 °C. The West Indian bay leaf oil had a higher extraction yield and total phenolic content, while the turmeric oil had a higher total flavonoid content. The most effective treatments, compared to the control, significantly (p<0.05) minimized the pH increase by 13.9 % (1.5 mL bay leaf oil), reduced texture loss by 44.8 % (1.5 mL oil mixture) and reduced protein loss by 98.9 % (1 mL bay leaf oil). Most treated samples had reduced microbial loads, with the turmeric oil showing the highest efficacy against lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Treated samples had significantly higher (p<0.05) sensory scores than the control on the final day of storage, with the 1.5 mL oil mixture proving to be the most effective, as the storage life of the chicken breast sample was extended by 6 days. This study has shown for the first time that the essential oil from turmeric and West Indian bay leaf can extend the shelf life of raw chicken breast and highlights the potential of the oil as natural preservative agents in lieu of synthetic alternatives.

The Influence of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) essential oils on the growth of Rhizoctonia sp. in vitro

Rhizoctonia sp. is a soil-borne pathogen that causes damping-off in various forestry plant seedlings. Using plant-based pesticides is a disease control solution that is more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides. Essential oil is a component that can be used as a biopesticide because it contains antifungal properties, such as the compounds in patchouli and turmeric essential oils. This study examines the inhibition of patchouli and turmeric essential oils and their combinations with various concentrations on the growth of the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia sp. in vitro. Observations were made using patchouli, turmeric, and a combination of patchouli and turmeric essential oil with concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) and PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth). The in vitro pathogen inhibition test results showed that the type and concentration of oil in PDA significantly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia sp.. In contrast with PDB, only oil concentration significantly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia sp.. The combination of patchouli and turmeric essential oils with a concentration of 10% on PDA and turmeric essential oil with a concentration of 10% on PDB showed the highest inhibitory response.

GC-MS and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Analysis for Detection and Quantification of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) Essential Oils Adulteration.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; White turmeric essential oil (WTEO) is known to have high commercial value since it has been used to improve immunological function, increase blood circulation, ease toxin clearance and stimulate digestion. However, there is no standard to regulate the specific characteristics of white turmeric essential oil. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop an analytical technique for WTEO authentication from vegetable oils, namely palm oil (PO), coconut oil (VCO) and soybean oil (SO), using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics, as well as GC-MS spectroscopy. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The WTEO was obtained by hydrodistillation method. Pure WTEO and vegetable oils were scanned in the MIR region (4000-650 cm&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) of FTIR spectroscopy and the spectra were further analyzed using chemometrics. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The extraction yielded 0.103% v/w WTEO, a dark purple color with a specific pungent odor. Discriminant analysis separated pure WTEO and adulterated WTEO with 100% accuracy at wave numbers 4000-650 cm&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. The best PLS regressions to quantify SO, VCO, PO and concentration in WTEO were at wave numbers 4000-1100, 1400-1050 and 2100-650 cm&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The FTIR and chemometrics combination effectively authenticates white turmeric essential oil from any possible adulterants, such as vegetable oil.

ANALYSIS OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA LINN) ESSENTIAL OIL FROM DIFFERENT GROWING LOCATIONS USING FTIR/GC-MS SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED TO CHEMOMETRICS AND ITS WOUND HEALING ACTIVITIES

Objective: This study aims to determine the wound-healing activity of turmeric essential oil (TEO) collected from seven growing locations in West Sumatra, classify it based on fingerprint patterns of IR spectra combined with chemometrics, and identify their metabolite profiling using GC-MS spectroscopy.&#x0D; Methods: Fresh turmeric rhizome was extracted by the hydrodistillation method. TEO classification was carried out by PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis) was used for predicting characteristic functional groups and metabolites (VIP&gt;1) in TEO. Wound healing activity was performed using in vitro fibroblast cell proliferation and migration assay. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level.&#x0D; Results: PCA analysis based FTIR spectra was able to determine highland and lowland-originated TEO. The metabolites responsible for TEO classification were α-Phellandrene and D-limonene. The result showed that TEO originating from both lowlands and highlands enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation and fibroblast cell migration.&#x0D; Conclusion: The combination of IR spectral fingerprint patterns and chemometric analysis could classify TEO based on the height location of growth. The results showed that the altitude of the growing location had no significant effect on the wound-healing activity of TEO from West Sumatra (p&gt;0.05).

Monoterpenes as Medicinal Agents: Exploring the Pharmaceutical Potential of p-Cymene, p-Cymenene, and γ-Terpinene

This review highlights the therapeutic propeties of monoterpenes, particularly γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and p-cymenene, found in essential oils derived from various plants. These compounds are known for their analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. γ-Terpinene is recognized for its potent antioxidant propeties and is a constituent of oils from plants such as cumin and thyme. p-cymene, found in over 100 plant species, is noted for its antiviral and antibacterial properties and is considered safe by IFRA standards. p-Cymenene, with its distinct aroma, is detected in parsley and turmeric oils and is known for its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial properties of γ-terpinene and p-cymene are highlighted, demonstrating their effectiveness in treating various skin conditions and reducing airborne microbes. Their selective antimicrobial activity preserves the integrity of the microbiome, offering a balanced approach to infection control. The anti-inflammatory properties of γ-terpinene are emphasized, with studies indicating its role in modulating cytokine production, underscoring its potential in the treatment of inflammation. Additionally, its antinociceptive effects suggest that it is a safe analgesic. In cancer treatment, the antiproliferative effects of γ-terpinene and p-cymene are being explored, highlighting their potential for targeted cancer therapy. This review aims to consolidate knowledge about these monoterpenes and promote a deeper understanding of their medical applications and safety. The knowledge gained is expected to stimulate further research, potentially leading to innovative applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields and harnessing the potential of -terpinene, p-cymene, and p-cymenene.

Research on production and testing of antifungal activity Phytophthora spp. causing fruit rot and Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose of silver nanoparticles, chitosan and turmeric resin bioproducts

In this paper, the research team made samples of bio-products (BN) of turmeric resin combined with silver nanoparticles and chitosan and investigated the factors affecting the production of BN preparations. Specifically, the results of research on the production of BN preparations including ingredients, additives, mixing ratios, and technological parameters have been calculated and tested to obtain nano-preparations with the highest durability and dispersion. The experimental results obtained the optimal set of parameters for production at a pilot scale of 5 litres/batch are the ratio of active ingredients/additives =3/1, the optimal temperature for the mixing process is 40-45oC, the stirring speed is 500 rpm, and the time is 60 minutes. From here, we have successfully fabricated 18 samples of BN1-BN18 preparations with colours ranging from light yellow to dark yellow. Antifungal activity was tested against Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose disease and fruit rot disease caused by Phytophthora spp., the results showed that BN1-BN18 products exhibited good antifungal activity, and antifungal activity increased gradually when the content of turmeric oil resin increased.

Effects of turmeric, ginger, cinnamon, and garlic essential oils on HSP70, NFκB, oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative markers in broiler chickens.

In recent years, the use of natural bioactive compounds derived from spices has garnered significant interest in poultry production due to their potential to modulate immune responses and oxidative stress. An investigation into the roles of spices essential oils (EO) on inflammatory cytokines, HSP70 and oxidative markers of broiler chickens was conducted in this study. Four spices consisting of garlic, ginger, turmeric, and cinnamon were processed to obtain their respective EO. Two hundred 1-d-old arbo acre broilers were allotted to 5 treatments consisting of B1 (control), B2 (garlic EO), B3 (ginger EO), B4 (Turmeric EO), and B5 (cinnamon EO), with EOs administered to drinking water at 30% (v/v) in a 49-d trial. Blood was sampled for assessment of hematological parameters, and serum obtained were assayed for inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activities, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels using standard procedures. Results obtained revealed that cinnamon EO enhanced erythrocytic indices, leukocyte profile, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and interleukin 10, lowers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), enhanced HSP70 and higher 8-OHdG levels in chicken. Garlic EO enhanced monocytes and superoxide dismutase, while reduced IFN-γ and HSP70, but increased IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) NFκB in broiler chickens. Ginger EO also enhanced erythrocytic indices, total antioxidant activity, lowered IFN-γ and lipid peroxidation, while turmeric EO enhanced total antioxidant activity, catalase and lowered IFN-γ and increased 8ohdg in broiler chickens. In conclusion, this study revealed that ginger and turmeric EO were more beneficial in preventing oxidative DNA damage, cinnamon EO enhanced serum oxidative status and lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines, while garlic EO reduced HSP70 in broiler chickens.

Turmeric essential oil improves intestinal integrity, immunological parameters, and performance of broiler chickens under cyclic heat stress.

This study aimed to examine whether dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with turmeric essential could mitigate the effects of cyclic heat stress conditions. Intestinal and immunological parameters and gene expression were evaluated during the grower phase. A total of 320 21-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized design with a 4 (diet) × 2 (environment) factorial arrangement and eight replications of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without essential oil (EO, negative control) and three diets containing low (100 mg kg-1), intermediate (200 mg kg-1), or high (300 mg kg-1) levels of turmeric EO. In the heat stress group, dietary supplementation with turmeric EO at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 improved body weight, feed conversion, breast yield, and relative liver weight. These supplementation levels reduced villus width, increased villus/crypt ratio, reduced the H/L ratio, and improved hepatic (HSP70 and SREBP1) and intestinal (OCLN) gene expression in birds under heat stress. These findings support the hypothesis that turmeric EO can be used to improve or restore intestinal integrity, modulate inflammation parameters, and, consequently, enhance the performance of broilers challenged by cyclic heat stress.

Study on influence of distillation duration on yield and composition of turmeric leaf essential oil

Study on influence of distillation duration on yield and composition of turmeric leaf essential oil

Identification of a novel aromatic-turmerone analog that activates chaperone-mediated autophagy through the persistent activation of p38.

Introduction: Aromatic (Ar)-turmerone is a bioactive component of turmeric oil obtained from Curcuma longa. We recently identified a novel analog (A2) of ar-turmerone that protects dopaminergic neurons from toxic stimuli by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). D-cysteine increases Nrf2, leading to the activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a pathway in the autophagy-lysosome protein degradation system, in primary cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells. In this study, we attempted to identify novel analogs of ar-turmerone that activate Nrf2 more potently and investigated whether these analogs activate CMA. Methods: Four novel analogs (A4-A7) from A2 were synthesized. We investigated the effects of A2 and novel 4 analogs on Nrf2 expression via immunoblotting and CMA activity via fluorescence observation. Results: Although all analogs, including A2, increased Nrf2 expression, only A4 activated CMA in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, A4-mediated CMA activation was not reversed by Nrf2 inhibition, indicating that A4 activated CMA via mechanisms other than Nrf2 activation. We focused on p38, which participates in CMA activation. Inhibition of p38 significantly prevented A4-mediated activation of CMA. Although all novel analogs significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38 6h after drug treatment, only A4 significantly increased phosphorylation 24h after treatment. Finally, we revealed that A4 protected SH-SY5Y cells from the cytotoxicity of rotenone, and that this protection was reversed by inhibiting p38. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the novel ar-turmerone analog, A4, activates CMA and protects SH-SY5Y cells through the persistent activation of p38.