Turkic World Research Articles

KAZAT AKMATOVUN İKİ SATIR HAYAT ÖYKÜSÜNDE YAPI VE İZLEK

Man has to consciously consume the concept of time to keep pace with the changing nature of the material and spiritual world. Proper use of the time concept helps to define the self-consciousness of the individual's vital experience. Kazat Akmatov is one of the writers who are conscious of the concept of time in their vital experience, who use it consistently, and who carry out the values of self consciousness and self in the same time with the values of the country where they live. The issues that Kazat Akmatov lived during his life in 1941-2015 in his works in terms of Soviet policies and their counter-destructive and destructive plans are not ordinary choices. In his works, Akmatov has dealt with not only the Kyrgyz people, but all the positive and negative situations of the people of the Turkish world in general. In this study, Akmatov's Two Row Life story was evaluated in terms of structure and structure. In the introductory part of the work, there are phases of the examination of the structure and the concept of the trace, and under the heading of the "Two Row Life" story. These steps; perspective and narrator in narrative, I am perspective and narrator, time in narrative, space in narrative, world of people and narrative in narrative.

“WOMEN AND FAMILY LIFE” IN PROVERBS IN TURKEY TURKISH AND GAGAVUZ TURKISH

<p class="ql-align-justify">Proverbs, which are societal phrases expressed by communities by transferring centuries-old life experiences to certain patterns, provide important clues to the philosophy, cultural codes, beliefs, lifestyles, and systems of thought of these communities. These concise quotations, which represent “summaries” of societies, have an important place in the Turkish language. Proverbs are found in almost every source written in the Turkish language, starting from the Orhun&nbsp;inscriptions and reaching elimination. Even the proverbs in the earliest Turkish sources have been transferred from the ancient to the present day and are used daily in variants of the Turkish language.&nbsp;Gagavuz Turkish and Turkey Turkish, which belong to the same written language group of Turkic, are two languages&nbsp;&nbsp;with cultural and morphological similarities. The religious beliefs of the Gagavuz, who are referred to as the “Christian Turkish community” in the sources, and some of the experiences brought by their religions are separated, while many common characteristics of the Anatolian Turkish community are reflected in their lifestyle, traditions, and customs. Among these cultural elements, proverbs feed and develop from the same source. In this study, Gagavuz Turkish, one of the Oguz group’s written languages, and proverbs in Turkey Turkish are compared with regard to the subject of women and family.&nbsp;This study aims to include as many prominent proverbs as possible under the heading of “women and family life”. The proverbs in these two languages are compared semantically to examine the importance of the family in Turkish society, specifically the role of the man, the place of the child in the family and brotherhood, and the family proposition and progeny. The similarities or differences in the proverbs from the two language variants are described by providing examples that reveal the existence of women and family life in these communities.&nbsp;

Struggling for the Kurdish vote: religion, ethnicity and victimhood in AKP and BDP/HDP rally speeches

ABSTRACTThis study explores the competition for Turkey's Kurdish vote through the instrumentalization of religion, ethnicity and victimhood in political competition. This becomes possible through the study of rally speeches of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – AKP), the pro-Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi – BDP) and the Peoples’ Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi – HDP), in Turkey's June 2011 and June 2015 general elections. The AKP campaigns framed the resolution of the Kurdish issue along with an updated version of the ‘Turkish Islamic Synthesis’. The issue of ethnicity was toned down in contrast to the idea of common victimhood of pious Turkish and Kurdish Muslims in republican Turkey. On the other hand, the BDP/HDP moved from a more ethnic-oriented and exclusive identity approach in 2011 to a more inclusive, liberal and extrovert agenda based on a civic definition of Turkish national identity in 2015. Religion and victimhood appear as the two most enduring symbolic resources for political party mobilization.

The Flagship Institution of Cold War Turcology

The study of the cultural Cold War, the untold story of how the USA and the USSR employed and often exploited the academia and the arts for war purposes, is now a particularly fruitful line of inquiry, but it has scarcely reached the field of Turkish studies. This article focuses on the Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü (TKAE), founded in Ankara in 1961. Ostensibly, the TKAE was an academic institute, doing research on the Turkic world; however, its political objectives, as I attempt to show, went far beyond the scholarly confines of academia. I will first describe the Cold War environment in which the TKAE was born by putting this institution into its international and domestic contexts in two separate sections. Proving the convergence of American interests and the interests of right-wing Turkish elites is going to be my goal here. Next, I will provide information about the foundation of the TKAE, its institutional structure, membership, aims and activities. Finally, I will conclude by discussing what the TKAE episode teaches us in understanding Cold War Turkey.

Sinological Origins of Turcology in 18th-century Europe

The present article undertakes an interrogation of the genealogy of the Turkish cultural area. Challenging some readings influenced by subsequent institutional and disciplinary boundaries, I propose to focus on the period preceding the first institutionalizations in order to capture the process of intellectual autonomization of the field of Turcology and to point out the role that early-European sinologists played in the identification and delimitation of a Central Asian Turkish world. This account is intended to contribute to recent attempts to historicize the study of Orientalist knowledge production, informed by a socio-cultural approach to knowledge, allowing us to grasp the dynamics relating to the connections and circulations in the global context of the early modern era. The question is one of an open and complex process – marked by constraints and possibilities – that can only be understood by means of close and subtle contextualized analysis.

Determining the Turkish World Perceptions of Candidate Social Studies Teachers through Word Association Test

Determining the Turkish World Perceptions of Candidate Social Studies Teachers through Word Association Test

Türk Dünyasında Kimlik Arayışları ve İbn Haldun

Ibn Haldun, who made the ethic, economy and philosophy the topic of philosophy, is not a classical philosopher. Ibn Haldun’s ideas has been very effective in the tradition of Turk and Islamic philosophy. This study examined socio-economic transformation of Turkic world with the emphasis in social and cultural dimensions. The internal and external social dynamics are discussed for the transformation process in light of Ibn Haldun’s ideas.

Are your cross‐ethnic friends ethnic and/or national group identifiers? The role of own and perceived cross‐ethnic friend's identities on outgroup attitudes and multiculturalism

AbstractWe investigated how own ethnic and national identities and perceived ethnic and national identities of close cross‐ethnic friends may predict outgroup attitudes and multiculturalism among Turkish (majority status, N = 197) and Kurdish (minority status, N = 80) ethnic group members in Turkey (Mage = 21.12, SD = 2.59, 69.7% females, 30.3% males). Compared with Turkish participants, Kurdish participants were more asymmetrical in rating their cross‐ethnic friend's identities relative to their own, reporting higher ethnic identity, but lower national identity for themselves. Own ethnic identity was negatively associated with attitudes and multiculturalism, whereas own national identity was positively associated with only attitudes. Perceived cross‐ethnic friend's national identity was positively related to both outgroup attitudes and multiculturalism. Shared national identification (high levels of own and friend's national identity) led to most positive outgroup attitudes and highest support for multiculturalism. Findings were discussed in the light of social identity and common ingroup identity models.

Emergence of a New Written Culture: The use of Hebrew script among the Krimchaks and the Karaim

Conversion to a religion usually has a positive impact on the written culture of a given community. The conversion may or may not result in the adoption of a new writing system. In the Turkic world, we find examples for both cases. The Karaims, by their conversion into Karaitism, adopted the Hebrew script. They used the Hebrew alphabet up till the beginning of the 20th century in their everyday life for writing; for example, private letters and secular and religious texts in Karaim.Another Turkic speaking group, the heterogeneous Rabbanite community of Krimchaks (whose majority is of Sephardic origin) also used the Hebrew script to write their vernacular.Some characteristics of the writing systems of the Karaim and of the Krimchaks have been described, but no comparative research has thus far been carried out. In this study, the peculiarities of the Hebrew alphabet used by both Turkic speaking peoples will be discussed and illustrated. For instance, the new characters, which were introduced in order to indicate specific Turkic phonetic values, and the ways the same Hebrew vowel sign or letter is used in the different Krimchak and Karaim manuscripts.

ЭКСТРЕМИЗМ И ТЕРРОРИЗМ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ТУРЦИИ

In this article, a brief background on history of political extremism and terrorism in Turkey is followed by a review of illegal groups that are presently active on its territory as well as those that are either not active, or declared an end to violence, or were crashed by the authorities. Special attention is paid to history and current state of the Kurdish problem in Turkey and in the broader region, and to violent and other activity by the Kurdish Workers’ Party. The article also addresses the problems of countering radical Islamist organizations, both domestic and transnational, and how the Turkish authorities’ approach to the ISIL factor has changed over time. The author concludes that, on the one hand, Turkey faces a range of real terrorist threats to its security posed both by domestic radicals and by transnational terrorist groups and networks. Turkey’s proximity to main regions and base of ISIL’s activity and its role as the key transit untry for mass in-and-out flows of foreign fighters linked to ISIL have resulted in heightened level of terrorist threat to Turkey itself. This became one of the impulses that pushed Turkey to stepping up its control over the Turkish-Syrian border and to a certain review of its position on the conflict management and peace process in Syria, including Turkey’s participation in joint talks with Russia and Iran and in ceasefire control measures in Syria. On the other hand, the fight against terrorism is often used by the Turkish authorities both to counter domestic (religious)-political opposition and to advance ideas of Neo-Ottomanism in the Middle East and in the Turkic world.

Тюркский мир: актуальные проблемы

The article reports on the international conference “Turkic World: Actual Problems,” which took place at the Ural Federal University in October 2017. In the conference took part scientists from Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan.

Махмуд Кашгари - основоположник ареальной лингвистики

Mahmud Kashgaria’s work - “The dictionary of Turkic languages” (“Divan lugat at-tyurk”) is the complex work of comparative-historical linguistics, a lexicography, anthropological linguistics, areal linguistics, a linguistic culture, dialectology. In article the historical questions are considered and its communication with “The map of the Turkic world of the XI century”, the content of “Divanu lugat at-tyurk” in its close coorelation with the “Map” is discovered which is the annex to dictionary reveals. The author of article notes that Mahmud Kashgaria has revealed interrelation of dialectic features of Turkic tribes with their geographical habitat and also language similarity of Turkic tribes. In the conclusion are told that in the history of world linguistics “Divanu lugat at-tyurk” is the first work on areal linguistics.

Doprinos Omera Sejfetina standardizaciji turskog jezika

The paper explores the views of Turkish writer Omer Seyfettin (1884-1920) on the standardization of the Turkish which was of the highest national and cultural significance for the Turkish nation at the beginning of the 20th century. Omer Seyfettin is one of the founders of the Turkish short story, a prominent representative of the National literature era (1911-1923), a fighter for the new ie. the Turkish language cleansed of Arabic and Persian constructions and words and basically spoken and comprehensible to all. Omer Seyfettin takes a prominent place as a story teller who selected the topics, messages and, above all, the simple Turkish language to awaken Turkish national consciousness, pointed to moral values ​​and sought to affirm national ideals. In addition to his stories, a very important part of his work is composed of numerous essays and newspaper articles devoted to language issues. Despite his young age, Omer Seyfettin demonstrates great erudition and language competence that, with a convincing and flowing style, make his articles an interesting and inspiring source for exploring the roads and paths of a recent history of the Turkish language. Deeply aware that every nation lives in its own language, Omer Seyfettin argued the fundamental language reform, the rejection of an elite, reputed and unnatural so-called Ottoman Turkish language and the establishment of Istanbul's Turkish language as a standard that is understandable to the entire Turkish world from Bosphorus to China.

ARAP HARFLİ METİNLERDE SÖZBAŞI K-/G- AYRIMI İÇİN YENİ BİR TANIK

Initial k->g- alternation seen in front wovel-words on Western Turkic mainly took place in Old Anatolian Turkic. As it is known in Arabic letters are not two separate letters for consonants k- and g- in Old Anatolian Turkic and both of them are written with kef. Therefore, in the transcription of the initial k-/g- consonants was usually based on the situation in modern Turkey Turkish. However, some researchers stated that in some manuscripts such as Fetihnāme-i Sultan Mehmed, Kur’an Tercumesi, Garibnāme was used three point kef to separate k- and g-. Today, in these manuscripts some words vocalized with k- were written in forms of gendu, genduz, gey, gisi, gici etc (Kaymaz, 1996: 660-661; Korkmaz, 2005: 490). In this study, one of the texts which distinguish k- / g- will be introduced. This text is copy of Sazeli of Kisas-i Enbiya translated in 15th century. This copy has been translated into Arabic manuscript called Ebū Isĥāķ Aĥmed eŝŜaǾlebi’nin Kitābu Ǿara’isu’l-mecālis fį ķiśaśu’l-enbiyā, from the Old Anatolian Turkic. Translator is Ebu’l-Fazl Mūsā bin Ĥāci Ĥuseyin elIznįķį. Inasmuch as there is not any separation of k- and g- in Arabic letters, in words written with these consonants it is impossible to understand from the script which is meant k- and g-. Nonetheless in Old Turkic initial k-, is noy become g- in West Turkic in any case. In West Turkic –including Turkey Turkish- the words as kor- > gor-, koŋul > goŋul, koz > goz, kok > gok, underwent a change of k- > g- regularly. In addition to this today, with taking into account the words as kisi, kendi, korpe in Old Anatolian Turkic texts written with Arabic letters, it is asserted that initial k- are not gin these words. But, it is discriminated initial k- and g- in Sazeli transcript of Kisas-i Enbiya. In the manuscript while it is used kef for initial k-, it is used three point kef for g-. With this study, it is aimed that adding a new study to the Old Anatolian Turkic texts written with Arabic letters which discriminate initial k-/g- as Fetihnāme-i Sultan Mehmed, Kur’an Tercumesi, Garibnāme. In this point, this study is an important source data with regard to discriminating initial k-/g-.

2013 TÜRK KÜLTÜR BAŞKENTİ OLMASININ ARDINDAN ESKİŞEHİR

Eskisehir became the capital of the Turkish World in 2013. This has provided Eskisehir a number of achievements in the field of cultural tourism as well as in the field of culture. Within this event, more than 400 events and 350 projects have been organized for a year. In this context, approximately 100 thousands of people from 20 countries have accommodated during different periods and 300 thousands of people have visited the city for a one-day period. Hotels in the city worked with a 90% average occupancy rate during this time. In addition, the Turkish industrialists and businessmen in Turkish World came to the city in connection with this event and Eskisehir was introduced to the Turkish World by this means. Thus, being the culture capital of Turkish World has brought a great value to the city

A Variety of Turkish in Mid-south Turkey: Arabic-Turkish Inter-language

Studies on inter-language in the second language acquisition field have been of paramount importance in recent years. In line with such studies, thus with this study we aim to show oral production samples of adult Arabic speakers of Turkish (N=10) through elicited data in natural conversation settings, and to analyze the data morphosyntactically and lexically based on the inter-language hypothesis. Analysis of the gathered data indicates that the participants produced the target language quite competently and fluently by showing morphosyntactic and lexical variations in their output. The results obtained from intralingual communication, where only Arabic speakers are involved, suggest that the variety in question displays relative variations from the standard dialect in two domains mentioned above. Findings concerning Arabic and non-Arabic speakers present a rather different picture in that the variety gets much closer to the standard Turkey Turkish, and tend to support literature review emphasizing the importance of inter-language variation from socio-ecological and socio-cultural viewpoints. The study implies that second language acquisition might be attained in adulthood.

Theological, Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of the Great Scholar of the Turkic World Husam Al-Din Al-Syghnaqi

The paper considers the development of the spiritual culture and art in the Turkic World, values ofthe medieval Islam and Turkic culture, the works of the medieval scientist Husam al-din al-Syghnaq...

Models of Projected Image Formation of Destinations and Accommodation Establishments. An Analysis of Tour Operator Control in Promotion and Price Strategies

Goal and objectives of the dissertationThis dissertation has been developed based on a collection of four papers that deal with two large areas. On the one hand, the first two papers refer to the price structure of holiday packages offered by tour operators and the main goal is to analyse the control exerted by these intermediaries through their marketing strategies, as well as how quality and environmental indicators affect the price of the tourism product of the main sun and beach destinations. On the other hand, the second part of the thesis analyses tour operators' promotional strategies to represent the destinations and tourism establishments. The purpose of the last two papers is to propose and validate a measuring tool which is universal, innovative, comparable and dynamic, to examine the image projected by tourist destinations and accommodation establishments.MethodologyA detailed content analysis was conducted. It examined the information published by the main European holiday groups (TUI and Thomas Cook) in the tourism catalogues over a 9-year period (2005-2014). In particular, the descriptions analysed comprised the destinations and package holidays offered in 5 countries and 15 destinations: Spain (Mallorca, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Lanzarote), Turkey (Turkish Riviera, Turkish Aegean coast and Istanbul), Egypt (Cairo, Luxor & Aswan, Marsa Alam & Berenice, Sharm el Sheikh, Hurghada), Malta and Cyprus (Southeast Coast and West Coast). In total, 5,789 packages, 1,057 visual representations of tourist destinations and 17,187 of tourist establishments were evaluated.For the first two papers, several ordinary least squares linear regression analyses were conducted based on the methodology of hedonic prices. On the other hand, in papers 3 and 4, we developed a methodology based on combined techniques of content analysis and dynamic indexes of the projected image.ResultsThe first paper analysed the degree of control exerted by tour operators through their promotional variables and their marketing policies on the price of holiday packages. This degree of influence varied depending on the promoted destination. Overall, the concepts and brands developed by tour operators have a positive economic impact on prices which is worth highlighting, as well as the fact of belonging to hotel chains. However, the establishments that belong to the tour operator, or those where there is some kind of agreement or bond with the intermediary, have a negative impact; thus, the negotiated prices will be lower and the tour operator will be able to increase their margins of the package holiday. In turn, and related to the specialization of tour operators in the promotion of package holidays, there is a positive relevance on the price of certain market segments worth mentioning; particularly singles with a modern lifestyle, vacation clubs which offer a wide range of sports and leisure activities, active tourists who want to be in touch with nature, single parent families, couples and Wellness and Spas. In this regard, the influence of services like a gym, Spa and Wellness, underlines the need to invest in health and well-being. Additionally, some quality indicators, such as the category awarded and promoted by the tour operator, as well as the awards and certifications obtained by the establishments, had a significant impact on the price of the holiday package. Lastly, the steep rise in the use of mobile devices, even during the holidays, renders it relevant to mention how the availability of wireless connections (Wi-Fi) has a significant and positive impact on the price, compared to internet services offered using physical computers.Regarding paper 2, which analyses in detail the economic impact of different quality and environmental parameters featured in the description of holiday packages, the analysis on the classification systems revealed that the category exposed by the tour operator has a greater explanatory power on the price of the package than the official category assigned by each country's public institutions. …

Halim Sabit’in “Altaylara Seyahat” Notları ve Osmanlı Dönemi Türk Yurdu Dergisi’nde Türk Dünyası İlgisi

Turk Yurdu journal began to be published in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, it has made a historic mission by instilling confidence in the nation to become a great state again with a goal of Turkish Realm and helped afflicted Turkish people to internalize national identity due to loss of territory. Situated among the founders of Journal Russian origin Turkists, they introduced the fact of Turkish world to Ottoman people who has been trapped to Anatolia. Halim Sabit who has been published his Turkish world travel notes in the form of a series of articles, he is one of the representatives of the approaches aiming to strengthening of ties between Ottoman and Russian Turks and development make it stronger in the future. Halim Sabit’s “Travel to Altay” notes has a historical importance with the information given on Turkish people who has living in different countries in the early 20th century; their political, social, cultural, economic situation and information about what they think about each other. Halim Sabit has faced intense interest for Turkey in Turkish countries and his impressions has been published by Turk Yurdu journal for six years to create a public interest. This article focuses on the Turkism idea’s one of the publication way Turk Yurdu journal’s interest on Turkish world via Halim Sabit’s “Travel to Altay” notes which has emerged after the II. constitutional monarchy. Keywords: Turk Yurdu Journal, Turkish world, nationalism, Russian Turks, jadidism

Examination of accessibility for disabled people at metro stations

According to World Health Organization (WHO), 10% of the population in developed countries and 12% of the population in developing countries are disabled people. And also researches by TUIK, in 2003, 12% of the population in our country are disabled. The problems that are faced in daily life, do not only affect disabled people but also their family. Therefore, it is said to be that half of our population have a disabled life. According to Scherrer, “Anyone, who has handicaps, is not a disabled person in an accessible place. But healthy person will become disabled in a place without accessibility.” (Scherrer 2001). Accessibility can be provided through the continuity of interrelated daily activities without any interruption. When the connection between the activities breaks off, we cannot mention about accessibility. Accessibility is not only plays an important role on disabled people by providing daily activities and physical requirements without any interruption but also by sustaining to live as independent individuals in society. Therefore, we have to re-design our urban accessibility to achieve uninterruptible and independent daily life in cities. In our country, disabled people also have difficulties to access indoors and outdoors and also have to face significant problems to be included in daily life despite the current regulations and laws. However, disabled people are entitled to have all social and cultural benefits independently as healthy people do. Realization of this act can be possible, if we re-design our buildings, transportation systems and the city life to achieve the accessibility requirements of disabled people. All around the world and also in our country, various laws, design rules and standards are tried to level the playing field on accessibility for public transportation systems with their service stations. However, despite of ensuring laws, regulations and standards on accessibility, lack of reglementation and enforcements, as well as insufficient user’s knowledge cause our cities inaccessible. Therefore, we have to increase the awareness of our community on accessible city life and transportation systems rather than make laws and hope for recovery. In this context, a case study is intended to examine the approaches on barrier-free design and level of accessibility at metro stations in Turkey. With the scope of this case study, current informative, stimulating and guiding regulations, vertical and horizontal implementations on circulation areas at metro stations are examined by an accessible design control list Accessible design control list consists of 28 questions that have been selected from Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Policies-People with Disabilities and Elderly General Service Accessibility check Lists and Turkish World Handicapped Foundation- Outdoors and Indoors Accessibility Check Lists. With the help of question we can examine the passengers’ expectations on the quality of informative, stimulating and guiding signboards at entrance, circulations and surroundings of metro stations; except the legislations related to the product sizes and constraints that designers or professionals have to obey The questions are answered by disabled passengers who use Kadikoy Ayrilik Cesme main transmission metro station. Disabled passengers are divided into two subject groups. First subject group consist of 5 visually impaired and partially impaired people. The second subject group consist of 7 wheelchair users. Experimentally, asked all the subject groups to make a journey beginning from the entrance of metro station to the train platforms without getting any help. After they completed their journey, they were requested to answer the questions of control list and describe the positive and negative situations from their experiences. According to the result of examining the approaches on barrier-free design and the level of accessibility at Ayrilikcesme main transmission metro station, there are distinctive data detected which are inacceptable accessible solutions for wheelchair users and/or visually impaired people. In this context, to realize an accessible city life in our country, we have to take some significant decisions on training well-informed professionals, constituting the common shares on standardization of buildings, increasing the community awareness on accessibility and innovating technologies for all disabled groups