Turkic World Research Articles

The Policy Of The Soviet Union Against Turkish World; Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria

Bu çalışma Stalin döneminin en önemli politikacısı Beria’nın Sovyetler Birliği’ndeki Türk soylu etnik gruplara yönelik siyasetini, döneme ait geçmiş ve güncel eserler ışığında irdelenmiştir. Beria'nın Türkiye'nin Türk Dünyası ile ilişkisini kesmeye yönelik acımasız siyasi faaliyetleri döneme damgasını vurmuştur. Bu makale; Stalin döneminde, Türkiye-Sovyetler Birliği ilişkileri nezdinde Azerbaycan başta olmak üzere Sovyetler çatısı altında yaşayan Türk soylu soydaşlarımıza yapılan haksızlıkları tanıtma amacını gütmektedir. Ayrıca Abhazya Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nin Sohum veya Sohumi (Abhazca AQWA)’a bağlı Merheuli/Megrel köyünde fakir bir ailede doğan Sovyet politikacının biyografisi ve siyasi faaliyetlerinin Türk Dünyasına verdiği zararlar hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.
 Bununla birlikte Beria’nın Sovyetler Birliği ve özellikle de Stalin’in emir ve talimatları doğrultusunda Türk aydınlara karşı uyguladığı işkence/suikastlarla ilgili faaliyetlerine de değinilmektedir.Çünkü politikacılar arasındaki asılsız iftiralar sonucunda birçok yönetici; “ya ölümle” ya da “sürgünle” tehdit edilmiş veya öldürülmüştür.

Syncope Through Gemination in Turkish: Exploring the Role of Sufficiently Identical Flanking Consonants

This paper investigates the interplay of syncope and gemination in modern Standard Turkish, underlining the crucial function of sufficiently identical flanking consonants (SIFCs) in this process. Syncope, typified by the elimination of a vowel within specific phonological contexts, holds the potential to give rise to gemination. A thorough analysis of varied spoken language data uncovers the conditions that govern syncope, countering prevalent literature which postulates syncope as a lexical process; instead, our findings suggest it to be phonological in nature. Attention is then directed towards syncope-induced gemination, emphasizing the catalytic role of SIFCs. This focus further underscores the indispensable role that SIFCs perform in facilitating this complex process. Moreover, the unique interplay between syncope and the potential for gemination is systematically explored, disclosing intricate patterns of consonant interaction within the Turkish language. The findings suggest that Turkish phonology exhibits a compelling alignment with gemination language characteristics, yielding thought-provoking insights into phonological processes such as vowel deletion and consonant gemination. The results of this novel research initiative contribute significantly to the expanding body of studies on syncope and gemination, shedding light on the intricate interplay between the two in Turkish, while also providing insights for the examination of analogous phenomena in other languages.

İki Akdeniz’in Kurucusu Kaygusuz Abdal – Maiyet, Maksat, Mahiyet

The historical information about the biography of Kaygusuz Abdal; is inversely proportional to his recognition in the tradition and history of literature. As much as Kaygusuz's poetry and ideas are concerned, precise information about his biography is less explored. Although Kaygusuz is the most frequently cited name in almost every Bektashi poetry collection, and all recent histories of Turkish literature mention him as an important person in the literary history of the Turks however the biographical information that should be available about him is insufficient. There is almost a consensus that he lived in the second half of the 14th century and the first half of the 15th century. There is no consensus on where and when he died and where he was buried. The issue that Kaygusuz is the founder of Alawi and Bektashi literature is also discussed in two stages, historically and literary. Some state that Kaygusuz's founding feature carries both a literary and a historical notion, as his views are based on the interpretation of many issues in Bektashism. Here, Kaygusuz Abdal's life is discussed as a part of constituent phenomena. The one who gave birth to the reality of Kaygusuz spread it and kept it alive; the connection of the entourage, purpose, and essence has been construed. In most of the traces of Turkish literature and as a part of Turkish historiography, Kaygusuz has been referred to as the founder of Alawi and Bektashi literature. He is especially mentioned as the founder of Bektashism in Egypt. How it is mentioned is also important. There will be a discussion on the tension line here. An approach has been developed on Kaygusuz's history and his entourage, as well as the part of his legendary life that is thought to belong to him. To define a personality like Kaygusuz, to reveal the phenomenon of Kaygusuz, it is essential to turn to the common perception and to focus on the issues that make up the common way of understanding a historical and legendary poet, Sufi. Then Kaygusuz's intention; as a notion that grounds or defines intentions, the place of travel in the history of culture will be tried to be understood through the position of Egypt in the Turkic World and the Islamic world. In the last part, Kaygusuz's personality and qualities that determine his place in Alawi and Bektashi literature and the history of Turkish literature, in general, will be defined through the Mediterranean, the beginnings problem, and the paradigms of founding.

CENTRAL ASIA IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF IRAN AND TURKEY

The paper provides a historical overview of the geopolitical contest between Iran and Turkey in Central Asia and analyzes the current geopolitical development in the region. The establishment of the Organization of Turkic States at the 8th summit of the Turkic-speaking nations in Istanbul has not only been a watershed in the history of the Turkic world, yet this event has brought new changes to the geopolitical configuration in the region. The sanctions imposed after the Russian annexation of Crimea and the conflict in the south-east of Ukraine had a significant impact on the Russian economy. In this regard, the countries of Central Asia, especially in the first place Kazakhstan, whose economy is closely interconnected with Russia, are experiencing serious economic difficulties.

THE POLITICAL VISION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES: AN ANALYSIS OF THE TURKIC WORLD VISION 2040

After 1991, the phenomenon of the Turkic world turned from an ideological dream to a political reality, with the independent Turkic states becoming equal and sovereign subjects in the international system and international politics. In this process, many cooperation organizations (TURKSOY, TURKPA, TWESCO, etc.) were established among the Turkic states. The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), established in 2009 as the umbrella organization of the Turkic world cooperation organizations, became even stronger with the membership of Uzbekistan in 2019. The 2021 Istanbul Summit and 2022 Samarkand Summit of the OTS are extremely important for the future of cooperation in the Turkic world. In this study, the political vision for the OTS and the Turkic World Vision - 2040 will be analyzed.

Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un Orta Asya Türk Dünyası İle İlgili Müşahedeleri

In his poems, Mehmet Akif Ersoy expresses the troubles and sufferings of the Central Asian, Caucasian and Balkan nations that were left unclaimed during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, the issue of Central Asia and its problems in Ersoy's works will be discussed. The research draws attention to the backwardness, poverty and suffering of the local people of the Turkish world. Akif takes his place among the most important poets of Turkish Literature with his originality of the world of thought and his strong style in the language of poetry. The unique features of the poet's poems played an important role in Akif's special place among many poets of his time. The world view shaped around these values in Akif's works of understanding of Turkishness and Islam attracted attention not only in Anatolia but also in other places. Akif clearly describes some of the negative situations experienced by the geography of the Turkish World in his works. By drawing attention to the problems of the society in which he lives, he investigates how the problems arise and looks for ways to solve them. Akif also attaches special importance to the Turkish world living in the geography of the Islamic world. The poet, who describes the difficulties and poverty in the Turkish world in his works, tells the general situation in the Turkish world. In his work, Süleymaniye Chair, Abdürreşid İbrahim sheds light on the important issues of the region with his own words. The information about Central Asia in the poet's works reflects the understanding of national unity and integrity. Akif's influences in the Turkish World increased with Sırat-ı Müstakim, and it was effective in his transformation into a man of action. In this article, the characteristics of Akif, which are considered remarkable by the poets of the Turkish World, are discussed. In the examination, in which the interest shown by some Turkish World Poets to Akif's poems and personality is reflected in comparative texts, the identification of poets who had direct contact with Akif or who carried his influence into their poems, and the context in which they were affected, were evaluated considering the social and political conditions of the period. This study was carried out in order to determine the themes such as the problems of the Central Asian Turkish World, independence, awakening, underdevelopment and poverty in the works of Mehmet Akif Ersoy. In order to achieve this aim, qualitative research and comparison method was used in this study. In order to collect data in the research, the document analysis method from the qualitative research motifs was used. The data obtained are also given within the framework of the work “Safahat”. Key Words: Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Türk World, Safahat, Suleymaniye Kursusunde, Sırat-ı Müstakim.

The Formation of Oriental Studies in Azerbaijan: History, Traditions, Schools (19<sup>th</sup> — First Half of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century)

The article is devoted to the formation and development of Oriental studies in Azerbaijan. It gives a special place to his connection with the Turkic world and the culture of the Near and Middle East. Particular attention is paid to the personalities associated with the origin and formation of Azerbaijani Oriental studies from the second half of the 19th century up to the middle of the 20th century, as well as the First Turkological Congress of 1926; scientific institutions and departments, including the Oriental Faculty of Baku State University, the Society for the Survey and Study of Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijan State Research Institute, the Azerbaijan Branch of the Transcaucasian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Azerbaijan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the development of Azerbaijani Oriental studies in the 1950s and 1960s, research in the field of Arabic studies, Turkology, Iranian studies, the contribution of Azerbaijani scholars in these areas of Oriental studies.

PRAYER, VIRD AND ZIKR IN CENTRAL ASIAN FOLK MEDICINE

It is of great importance for us to unearth and examine such Turkic texts, which are important both in terms of history and geography of Turkic world and shed light on a large part of it. Finding and examining historical texts written in Central Asia is one of the important steps to be taken, especially in Turkic medical history studies. One of these values is the reflection of Yesevilik and Sufism, which reflects the culture, Islamic understanding and philosophy of Turkiс tribes’ life, in prayers and virds, which are important actions for mental and physical health. The manuscript “Dastūr al-‘Ilāj” written in the Chagatai language by Sultan Ali Tabīb Khorasani, who was chief physician in palace of Kyoskunju Khan of 16th century, is discussed. In the text, various prayers and rituals are used in addition to the drugs and classical methods used in the treatment of various diseases. In this classical and traditional medicine book written in the 16th century Central Asia, the treatment methods of various diseases, its functions and reasons of prayers used with drugs will be explained with examples. In the study, the meaning and importance of prayer and its effect in traditional medicine, that is, in folk medicine, as well as the fact that it is a supportive and auxiliary power and method besides medical treatment on the basis of domestic and foreign sources compiled from various scientific publications, the importance of spiritual treatment used on the basis of prayer, its psychodynamics are still up-to-date in Turkic culture. It has been emphasized that our spiritual values and mystical views play an important role in not being forgotten. Keywords: Traditional Medicine In Turks, Spiritual Treatment, Religious Rituals, Yesevilik, Historical Medical Texts.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES MEMBER COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF POWER ELEMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS IN TERMS OF SMART POWER

The main problematics of this article are the accelerated transformation in power, the emergence of new power elements, and the lack of quantitative power performance analyses in the context of the Turkic World. In this direction, it is aimed to evaluate the performance of the Organization of Turkic States member countries Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkey, based on the elements of hard and soft power. This study focuses on the transformation in the concept of power. It combines theoretical and quantitative analyses for power resources, and country performance analysis was carried out with ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment), one of the effective Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods. The main theoretical results reached; that hard power alone is no longer sufficient, and in the new world conditions, structuring in line with smart power is inevitable. The main quantitative results reached by power performance evaluations for countries are; States other than Turkey are quite inadequate in soft power, and these countries are better in hard power performance than soft power, contrary to the post-cold war conditions. However, today, the strategy at the forefront of political power is to focus on soft power. All these are essential shortcomings in terms of smart power potential.

Labeling the Other in Turkey Turkish Dialects

Herhangi bir ayırt edici özelliği (biyolojik, fiziksel, kültürel veya psikolojik) bulunan hemen hemen her bireyin alışılmışın dışındaki bu niteliği, beraberinde yeniden tanımlanmayı (damgalamalar, kalıp sözler veya yargılar, lakaplar) getirir. Toplumda ilişkisel süreçlerde ortaya çıkan etiketleme (Ör. saldırgan, kör, katil, madde bağımlısı) adı verilen tanımlama süreçle-rinde, başkalarının etiketlenen bireye bakışının hatta kişinin kendine bakışının dahi değişmesi, yeniden şekillenmesi söz konusudur. Farklı sosyal çevreleriyle düşünüldüğünde sürekli değişim halinde olan insan, kendini tanımlarken ben olarak kendi özneliğini merkezde kabul eder ve kalan tüm ögeleri pek çok farklı özelliğiyle (ırk, renk, cinsiyet, dil, sakatlık vd.) öteki olarak konumlandırır: ben ve ötekiler. Bu çalışmada bireylerin toplum içerisindeki ben ögesini tanıma, anlama süreci boyunca istemli veya istemsiz olarak karşısında konumlandırdığı öteki özelindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etiketleme biçimleri tespit edilecek ve böylelikle öteki’yi etiketlemenin dilsel ve kültürel kodları ortaya konulacaktır. Çalışma, Türkiye Türkçe-si’nin ana ağız gruplarından Random yöntemi ile seçilecek metinler üzerinde yapılacaktır.

THE IMAGE OF MAGZHAN IN THE WORKS OF FELLOW POETS

In modern Kazakh literary studies, one of the main directions of research work is the relationship between biographies and the creative laboratory of local poets and writers, a significant role is assigned to the reflection of life situations in works of art. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the poetic and civic personality of M. Zhumabayev, an outstanding representative of Alash literature, his best works of poetry and prose, journalism, in the field of pedagogy, translation – through the poetic works of local poets. Poets of the North Kazakhstan region K. Salykov, M. Kangozhin, E. Zikibaev, E. Shaimerdenov, Z. Akimzhanov, K. Musyrman, B. Kozhakhmetov with great gratitude dedicated their poems to Magzhan. Based on the poetic works of these authors, one can see the civil personality of Magzhan from among the figures of Alash, his place in the Turkic world and the spiritual culture of the Kazakh people, his contribution to the development of national literature.

Higher Education and Lifelong Education Systems of Turkey, TRNC and Turkic World States

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti ve Türk Dünyası Devletleri’nin yükseköğretim (ön lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora) ve hayat boyu öğrenme eğitim ve öğretim sistemlerinin yapısını incelemek ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmasını sağlamaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmeye yönelik veriler, bu devletlerin her biri ile ilgili alanyazından, basılı bilimsel ve resmî kaynaklardan, ilgili devletlerin bakanlıklarının resmî internet ağlarındaki verilerden toplanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler analiz edilirken betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, betimsel analiz yöntemi aşamaları dikkate alınarak eğitim dilleri, yükseköğretim (ön lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora), hayat boyu öğrenme eğitim ve öğretim temaları oluşturulmuş; araştırma kapsamında ulaşılabilen, değerlendirmeye alınan kaynaklar belirlenen bu temalar kapsamında incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler tanımlanarak doğrudan alıntılarla desteklenmiş ve verilerin özgün hâline bağlı kalınarak yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, Türk Devletleri’nin yükseköğretim ve hayat boyu öğrenme eğitim ve öğretim sistemlerinin yapısında benzerliklerin ve farklılıkların olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlardan hareketle, araştırmanın sonunda Türk Devletleri’nin eğitim ve öğretim sistemindeki ortak noktaların, farklılıkların ve iyi uygulamaların birbirine aktarılarak artan bir katkıyla devam ettirilmesine ve daha fazla geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Türk Dünyasında Birlik Fikrinin Kökenleri

As the Turks outside the Ottoman Empire lost their independence from 1885 and the ideas such as Ottomanism and Pan-Islamism were overwhelmed with the zeitgeist, the idea of unity emerged as a worldview and a new image of civilization in the Turkic World, which reinterpreted its civilizational identity within the framework of a multilevel reconstruction period. This study addresses the reconstruction of the centuries-long historical and cultural heritage of the Turkic world by the representatives of this idea based on the unity of language, i.e. having language as a unifying element, from a historical perspective. In this framework, studies published in five different languages were analyzed.

The Potential of the Organization of Turkic States in Ensuring the Security of the Turkic World

В глобализирующемся мире каждая страна сталкивается с угрозами национальной безопасности, такими как терроризм, экстремизм, сепаратизм и тд. В этом контексте, в то время как многие страны собираются под эгидой международных организаций, некоторые из них боряться за устранение выше упомянутых угроз в рамках многостороннего сотрудничества. Естественно, свою долю в этой ситуации получают и тюркские государства. Исходя из этого, целью данной статьи является исследование потенциала Организации тюркских государств в обеспечении безопасности тюркского мира. Для достижения цели статьи обсуждаются вопросы, угрожающие безопасности тюркского мира, и значение Организации тюркских государств с точки зрения обеспечения этой безопасности. В этом контексте, во-первых, пытались определить место тюркского мира в международной системе и влияющие на него факторы. Источником статьи являются ранее опубликованные статьи и работы отечественных и зарубежных исследователей по данной теме, данные официальных организаций, тексты официальных договоров и соглашений. Статья написана методом качественного исследования с использованием всех собранных данных и источников. В результате исследования, было установлено, что в целях обеспечения безопасности тюркского мира, были некоторые важные документы, в том числе документ «Концепция тюркского мира до 2040 года», были проведены ряд исследований, мероприятий такими организациями как TÜRKPA, TÜRKSOY и Тюркской академией в рамках Организации, для укрепления сознания «мы», которое составляет краеугольные камни безопасности.

THE ROLE OF TURKEY IN THE SECOND KARABAKH WAR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CENTRAL ASIA

The role of the Turkey and the reasons for the support of Azerbaijan in the Second Karabakh war are under consideration. The armament provisions and the regular joint exercises showed the military support of Turkey for Azerbaijan as well as the opportunity for Turkey to demonstrate its military and technological capabilities in the Second Karabakh war. It is determined that the Turkish weaponry showed the weakness of the military planning and technologies of russia. It is suggested that using of the Turkish drones in the Karabakh war changed the concept of war. It is established that Central Asian nations are beginning to view Azerbaijan as a bridge to the West and as a matter of outstanding role of Turkey in the Second Karabakh war this new image of Azerbaijan will only increase Turkey’s advances in the Turkic republics of that area. It is determined that Turkey can expand eastward over the Caspian Sea thanks to Azerbaijan's geographic position, which will be important in stabilizing Turkey's approach to Central Asia. The most vivid example of this is the planned corridor that passes from southern Azerbaijan to Nakhichevan, an exclave of Azerbaijan. The Second Karabakh War's aftermath and the Turkish leadership's sequential official travels to Central Asian nations are instructive of the growing importance of the Central Asia for Turkey. The institutional and military backgrounds of increasing cooperation with Central Asian countries is revealed as well. It is concluded that nationalistic and panturkic rhetoric and practice being currently on the agenda of foreign policy of Turkey aimed at Central Asia. If previously Turkey cooperated with Central Asia on the low politics, after the Second Karabakh war Turkey turned to high politics questions, using the low politics as the background for high politics issues. Based on their shared language and racial heritage, Turkey and Central Asian nations are forming a strategic, security, and military partnership. The emergence of political dimension in the cooperation is illustrated by the Turkic unanimity in the position paper “Turkic World Vision – 2040”.

In The Context Of Eurasianist Political Discourses In Turkey Turkish Foreign Policy Under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s Era

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de 1990’lardan itibaren ortaya çıkmaya başlayan Avrasyacı siyasal söylemlerin savunduğu dış siyasetin köklerinin, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk dönemi Türk dış siyasetinde bulunup bulunmadığını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Makalede Mustafa Kemal’in ulusal kurtuluş mücadelesine önderlik etmeye başladığı 1919’dan, ölümüyle iktidarının son bulduğu 1938’e kadar olan zaman dilimindeki Türk dış siyasetine odaklanılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, Mustafa Kemal’in sözleri ve uygulamaları dâhil olmak üzere elde edilen veriler, tarihsel bağlamda döneme hâkim zihniyet de göz önünde bulundurularak, Avrasyacı siyasal söylemlerin parametreleri çerçevesinden çözümlenmiştir. Türkiye’deki Avrasyacı siyasal söylemlerin çoğuna hâkim olan ortak bir takım parametrelerin, Mustafa Kemal dönemi Türk dış siyasetinin de temel özellikleriyle örtüştüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Türkiye'deki Avrasyacı siyasal söylemlerin çoğu, antiemperyalizm, tam bağımsızlık, uluslararası işbirliği, Türkiye’ye önderlik rolü yükleme ve Batı karşıtlığı gibi ortak parametrelerde birleşmektedir. Mustafa Kemal dönemi Türk dış siyaseti de; bir takım parametreler için vurgu yoğunluğu içinde bulunulan konjonktüre göre değişse de, kararlı biçimde tüm bu parametrelere uygun karakterde olmuştur. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’deki Avrasyacı siyasal söylemlerin savunduğu dış siyaset için, Türkiye’nin yeterli tarihsel tecrübe mirasına sahip olduğu söylenebilir.

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC SYSTEM OF WORDS COMMON IN MODERN TURKISH AND KAZAKH

The article examines the vocabulary (according to the materials of lexicographic works), lexical usage and semantics, semantic structure of polysemantic words and linguistic-semantic features that indicate the integrity of the Turkic world. The national composition of the modern Turkish population, attempts to learn Kazakh and Turkish languages, the degree of names and spelling, the same meaning or the same meaning of names in the Kazakh and Turkish languages, and degrees of discrepancy (mismatching), among them the question of which language is used by residents of the region in priority order is considered. The aim of the article is to determine the amount of common vocabulary in the Kazakh and Turkic languages and to conduct a comparative study of their meanings, to identify the difficulties arising in teaching the two languages as the foreign language words whose meanings are changed, to show the Turkic basis of common vocabulary, to analyze the change of meaning using comparative and historical method. The scientific significance and practical of the article lie in the fact that the linguistic data, evaluation (prediction) of some words in the past and future in a practical sense, the availability of conclusions, the validity and scientificity of judgments and conclusions were not previously known, and if they were known, they were collected in practice and analyzed in a scientific sense as a special object of research. As a result of the research, in order to study lexical-semantic processes in related languages, it is necessary to consider them in comparative and historical-comparative aspects.

ABAY, YUNUS EMRE VE AHMET YESEVİ’NİN DİLİNDEKİ TÜRK LEHÇELERİ ARASI DİLSEL ÖZELLİKLER

Abay Qunanbayuli, is one of the important literary man that has left his mark in the nineteenth century Kazakh cultural life. He is known as the greatest poet of Kazakh Turks. Abay wrote his works in Kazakh Turkish, but since he continues the tradition of Chaghatay Turkish, those who speak Karluk and Oghuz group dialects can easily understand his works. In the work, elements that are rarely used in contemporary Kipchak dialects, but whose origin is Oghuz Turkish, are also found in his poems. Although Aḥmad al-Yasawī's Dīvān-ı Hikmet, who lived long before than Abay, was written during the Karakhanid period, its copies written in Chaghatay Turkish have survived. Despite this situation, we can say that we have come across a few Oghuz Turkish elements from the new copy. In this article, the poets of different periods and regions of the Turkish world, Aḥmad al-Yasawī, Yūnus Emre and Abay Qunanbayuli, were examined by comparing the words specific to Kipchak or Oghuz Turkish. In the study, Yūnus Emre was chosen as the representative of the Oghuz group and Aḥmad al-Yasawī as the representative of Eastern Turkish close to the time of Yūnus. Abay has also been shown as the representative of the Kipchak group more recently. Thus, it was revealed that common elements were preserved in three large groups. Accordingly, it has been concluded that the influence of the linguistic and cultural tradition of the Göktürk, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid, Khwārazm, Chaghatay and Kipchak Turkish periods continues to a significant extent in terms of vocabulary in the written language of both geographies. Keywords: Abay, Aḥmad al-Yasawī, Yūnus Emre, Oghuz Turkic, Kipchak Turkic, Chaghatay Turkic.

Idiomized Compund Emotional Verbs in Turkey Turkish

Türkçedeki kalıp sözlerin büyük bir bölümü deyimlerden oluşmaktadır. Geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olan deyimler anlatım esnasında çekime girip fiil olarak da görev yapabilmektedir. Deyimleşmiş birleşik fiil olarak adlandırılan bu dil birimlerinin önemli bir bölümü hareketten ziyade zihinsel bir devinimi tasvir etmektedir. Zihin fiili veya mental fiil olarak değerlendirilen bu unsurların en önemli alt bileşenlerinden biri de duygu fiilleridir. Türkiye Türkçesinde bulunan deyimleşmiş duygu fiillerini tespit etmek ve sınıflandırmak maksadıyla oluşturulan bu çalışmada öncelikle kalıp söz, deyim, deyimleşmiş birleşik fiil, duygu ve duygu fiili kavramları tartışılmıştır. Sonrasında ise nitel araştırma tekniklerinden içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak Türkiye Türkçesi deyim sözlükleri taranmış ve duygu ifadesi taşıyan deyimleşmiş birleşik filler belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen birleşik fiiller yüklemleri esas alınarak alfabetik olarak sıralanmıştır. Duygu fiilleri iki aşamalı bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Birinci aşamada fiilin taşıdığı duygu ifadesi olumlu (+) ve olumsuz (-) olarak değerlendirilmiş, ikinci aşamada fiile hâkim olan duygu, temel duygular bağlamında belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, duygu ifadesi taşıyan 707 deyimleşmiş birleşik fiil tespit edilmiştir. Bir kısmı birden çok duyguyu yansıtan bu fiillerden 201’i (%27,6) olumlu, 507’si (%69,6) olumsuz, 20’si (%2,7) ise kullanıldıkları bağlama göre hem olumlu hem de olumsuz duygu ifadesi taşımaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmaya dâhil edilen fiillerde 70 farklı duygu tespit edilmiştir. Ortaya çıkan tabloda olumsuz duygu fiilleri ile üzüntü, öfke, korku gibi olumsuz duyguların ağırlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu durum Türk kültüründe olumlu duyguların nispeten daha açık, olumsuz duyguların ise metaforlar vasıtasıyla örtük bir şekilde ifade edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Aru Sultan Diplomatic Mission: Historical and Political Excursion

The article is devoted to the first research and introduction of facts about the personality of Aru Sultan, the first diplomatic representative of the Kazakh State in 1557-1576 at the Tudor court of Queen Elizabeth I of England, the first representative of the Islamic world and the first representative of the Turkic world in England in the 16th century.