Turkey Statistical Institute Research Articles

A Case Study of Determining Energy Efficiency in Squirrel Cage Induction Motor According to IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Standard

Efficiency and sustainability are the most important and focused issues today. Industrial systems are the main working field to reduce energy consumption because of its share in the total amount of energy. According to TSI (Turkey Statistical Institute) data, industry sector in Turkey consumed 47.1% of total electrical energy in 2013. Electric motor-based systems are the important type of electrical loads in the industry. In the European Union, these systems are estimated to account for about 70% of all industrial electricity consumption. Since 1998, the motor producers and the standard organizations are trying to classify electrical motors by efficiency with standard methods. Nowadays, in EU and the other relevant countries, the IEC standard methods are used to determine the efficiency class of the induction motors. The latest standard was published in December 2014 with the code IEC 60034-2-1. In this study, an IE3 class 22 kW 4 poles induction motor was tested and the efficiency value was calculated by using IEC 60034-2-1 standard method. And the results were evaluated according to eco-design requirements for electric motors (EU 640/2009). The study covers all tests and calculation steps clearly in this paper.

Examining the Factors Affecting the Problem of Experiencing Difficulties while Online Shopping in Turkey with Categorical Data Analysis

The growth of Internet use, along with the ever-evolving and changing technology, has shifted trade made by traditional methods to electronic media. Although there are several definitions, online shopping can be defined as any step in the reciprocal exchange of money, commodities, or services between the buyer and seller through the use of internet technologies. Online shopping has evolved into one of the most important mega-trends in the world economy, with a broad scope. The scope of Internet buying activities is quite broad, extending from individuals to other businesses, governments, and other relevant organizations, and it is possible to reach any market or consumer through quick communication. As a result, economic, political, legal, institutional, cultural, social, and other aspects influence online shopping activities.
 When purchasing goods or services through the Internet, buyers encounter a variety of problems. The goal of this study is to look into the socio-demographic and economic elements that are important in cases when people experience problems with their online purchases. The study used a micro data set from the 2021 Information and Communication Technology Usage Survey in Households conducted by Turkey Statistical Institute. The research's sampling method is a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling. The factors connected to the problems individuals have with online purchases have been determined using binary logistic regression analysis.
 In the last three months, 52.4% of the men in the research said they had problems with purchases made through the website or mobile application. According to the study, 51.9% of individuals in the eastern region reported having difficulty with transactions made through the website or mobile application. As a result of the research, it has been discovered that education level, income level, age, gender, profession, family size, financial transactions conducted over the Internet, and regional characteristics are all linked to experiencing problems with online shopping.

MAIN ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE DETERMINATION OF HAPPINESS: A RESEARCH ON TURKEY

The concept of happiness includes many elements such as social and physical environment, demographic characteristics, economic conditions and expectations. Today, the topic of happiness has increasingly become a signifıcant issue in economics. This study examined the effects of health, education, and household incomes on happiness. This study utilized the data Life Satisfaction Survey prepared for the 2004-2019 period (TSI) by Turkey Statistical Institute. This study used the ordered Logit approach, and the variable coefficients were evaluated using Odds-Ratio and Marginal Effects. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that health has the most significant effect on happiness. Findings also show that while income statistically has a significant positive impact on happiness, education has a negative impact but does not have a statistically significant relationship.

Analysis of the factors affecting credit card use and online shopping attitudes of households in Turkey with the bivariate probit model

This study investigated the factors that affect households' credit card usage and online shopping attitudes. The dataset of the study was provided by the Turkey Statistical Institute. The bivariate probit regression model was used in the work. As a result, it was determined that demographic, economic and environmental factors have significant effects on credit card use and online shopping attitudes. Knowing the characteristics of credit card and internet shopping users in light of the results, helps banks and shopping sites to determine advertising strategies. It will enable policy makers to raise awareness and protect the consumer and to implement them to stimulate the economy.

EXAMINING SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOME FACTORS AND NUMBER OF PRISONERS IN TURKEY: A GWR ANALYSIS

The crime phenomenon requires an economic as well as a sociological analysis in terms of its occurrence, its causes and its consequences. In this study, the effects of socio-economic factors on crime were investigated by using Multiple Linear Regression and Geographical Weighted Regression Methods. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors that have an effect on crime, as well as to analyze which of the regression methods used gives more effective results. Method comparisons were made using R square and Akaike's Information Criterion. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the Geographic Weighted Regression gave more effective results than the Multiple Linear Regression. In the study, Turkey's 81 provinces were included in the analysis and used the data of the year 2019. The number of prisoners is dependent variable, migration, literacy rate and unemployment rate are independent variables. The data used in this study are taken from the official web address Turkey Statistical Institute. Analyzes were made using the statistical R program.

The potential of Agrivoltaic systems in TURKEY

Turkey is located in unique geographic position and it is like a bridge between the continents of Asia and Europe. Besides this, it lying partly between 36°–42° NL and 26°–45° EL in the Northern Hemisphere. Turkey has total surface area 780,043 km2 and its land use areas’ 31.1% is agricultural lands. Turkey Statistical Institute (TUIK) state that Turkey’s population is 83.155 million in 2020. Population growth rate of country is 13.9% as annually. On account of Turkey’ vary topographical characteristics, it has available many climate zones. These are Mediterranean Climate that is hot, dry summers and rainy, mild winters, the Black Sea Climate that is although in the coastal area cool summer and warm winters, snowy the higher parts climate is snowy and cold, also the Terrestrial Climate have high temperature differences between day and night-summer and winter. In addition to the Marmara Climate shows all of above side climate characteristics due to transition between the Terrestrial, Black Sea and Mediterranean climates. Turkey is situated in a geography quite lucky in terms of solar energy. Although it is geographically well located, it is limited in terms of agricultural land. Agrivoltaic systems are a good concept in terms of expanding the agricultural lands and increasing the efficiency of the produced electricity from solar systems. Agrivoltaic system is a kind of term or method which is combination of growing crops and producing electricity on the same land. In solar plant, to produce 1 MW electricity requires approximately 20.000 m2 land. The total installed capacity is 6493 MW of Solar Power Plants in 2019, in Turkey. When calculated require area to total produce capacity in Turkey, it is obtained that approximately 130 km2 area is needed. In addition, in term of the suitable agricultural products to be grown are vegetables between the PV panel arrays and 25% of agricultural crops produced in Turkey are vegetables. This study aims that presentation to the potential of Agrivoltaic system especially considering three cities in Turkey.

INTERNET SPEED ISSUE OF TURKEY

The internet, used by a large population around the world, has become a part of daily life. The internet is used in scientific research, education, commerce, health, communication, banking, tourism, transportation and many similar fields. The need for internet increases in parallel with digitalization and becomes more and more important day by day. Especially during the covid-19 epidemic, providing education over the internet and doing some work from home over the internet has more increased dependence on the internet. Turkey has one of the 20 largest economies in the world by economy size. It is an important country with a population of approximately 84 million. According to the Turkey Statistical Institute (TurkStat) data, in 2020, 90.7% of house in Turkey have access to the internet and the proportion of individuals using the internet is 79.0%. In Turkey, which is one of the important countries of the world and where the use of the internet is widespread, the internet is not at the desired speed. According to the latest report of Speedtest, founded by Ookla in 2006, which measures internet speed most accurately and regularly publishes the "Speedtest Global Index", Turkey is ranked 103 out of 175 countries with Fixed Broadband Internet Speed. Moreover, the 30.51 Mbps download speed is far below the global average of 96.98 Mbps. It is remarkable that the internet speeds of countries that are incomparable to Turkey in terms of economic size and some of which can be called island states are higher than Turkey. These countries are Andorra, Macau (SAR), Liechtenstein, San Marino, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Southern Cyprus Greek Region, Armenia, Montenegro, Kosovo, The Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Guyana, Laos, Madagascar, Belize, Dominica, North Macedonia, Côte d'Ivoire, Saint Kitts and Nevis. Turkey has passed to 4,5 G as of April 1, 2016 to increase the speed of the internet. Despite this, Turkey's internet speed is relatively slow and this is an important ergonomic problem. Low connection speeds negatively affect both education and all sectors where the internet is used during the global epidemic. In this study, the reasons for the slow internet speed in Turkey are examined and various solutions to the problem are proposed.

Türkiye’nin ve Tarım Bölgelerinin Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Düzeyindeki Değişimlerin Son On Yıl (2010-2019) ve Gelecek Yıllar (2020-2030) için Değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) verilerine göre Türkiye’nin ve on tarım bölgesinin; son 10 yıla (2010-2019) ait tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyi gösterge değerleri (kW ha-1, traktör sayısı 1000 ha-1, ha traktör-1, makina traktör-1) belirlenmiş ve gelecek yıllar (2020-2030) için kW ha-1 değeri trend analizi yardımıyla tahmin edilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye’nin on tarım bölgesi ve Türkiye genelinde yıllara göre mekanizasyon düzeyi göstergelerinden kW ha-1 ve traktör 1000 ha-1 değerleri artmış, makina traktör-1 değeri ise azalmıştır. kW ha-1 değeri; en yüksek Ege Bölgesinde (2.86-3.72 kW ha-1), en düşük Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde (0.35-0.44 kW ha-1) oluşmuş, Türkiye genelinde son on yılda ortalama %3.22 artış göstermiş ve 1.67-2.22 kW ha-1 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Gelecek yıllar (2020-2030) için kW ha-1 değeri; Türkiye ve tüm tarım bölgelinde yıllara göre artış göstereceği tahmin edilmiştir. Gelecek yıllar (2020-2030) için ortalama artış değerleri %0.89-3.18 arasında gerçekleşeceği öngörülmektedir. kW ha-1 değeri; Türkiye geneli için 2020 yılında 2.27, 2025 yılında 2.55 ve 2030 yılında 2.84 olması tahmin edilmektedir. Makina traktör-1 oranındaki azalma; on yıllık süreçte makina sayılarındaki artış oranlarının traktör sayılarındaki artış oranlarından daha az olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.

Türkiye’de İllerin Sağlık Göstergeleri Açısından Kümeleme Analizi İle Değerlendirilmesi

This study aims to divide the provinces in Turkey into clusters in terms of health status and healthcare delivery indicators by using cluster analysis and determinate the differences between these clusters. The data used in this study were obtained from the database of Turkey Statistical Institute. Infant mortality rate, crude mortality rate and life expectancy at birth were considered as indicators of health status; and the number of physicians, nurses and hospital beds per hundred-thousand people were considered as healthcare delivery indicators. The Hierarchical clustering method was applied in the study and the Ward connection method was used. Based on the results of this study, the provinces of Turkey are divided into 4 clusters in terms of health indicators. It was observed that the fourth cluster, which mainly includes Eastern and Southeastern provinces, has the highest infant mortality rate; life expectancy at birth is lowest; the number of physicians, nurses and hospital beds per hundred-thousand people was the lowest. It was determined that the first cluster, which includes big and relatively more socio-economically developed provinces such as Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, has the highest life expectancy at birth; the highest number of physicians, nurses and hospital beds per hundred-thousand people. As a result, there are significant differences in terms of health indicators among regions and provinces in Turkey. It is recommended to develop specific policies for disadvantaged regions or provinces to minimise these differences.

Hayvansal Atıkların Potansiyel Biyogaz Enerji Değerinin Belirlenmesi: Antalya Örneği

Increasing the world population will increase the demand for new energy sources in the future. Waste generated as a result of agricultural activities can be considered as a sustainable energy source. Animal manure that occurs from livestock activities can be shown as an energy source if managed properly. Antalya province and its region, where agriculture and tourism are intense, have been chosen as the study area. In the study, taking into account the data of Turkey Statistical Institute in 2019, for cattle animal breeding the numbers of dairy and beef cattle; for ovine animal breeding the numbers of sheep and goats; for poultry, the numbers of laying hen, turkeys, geese and duck were evaluated. Manure amounts and potential biogas energy values were calculated considering the animal numbers of Antalya province in 2019. The amount of electricity and natural gas energy that can be obtained in this potential biogas energy is also calculated. The obtained results are compared with the relevant literature and calculations are made for the existing biogas potential. As a result of the research, it was calculated that the amount of manure that can be obtained from animal waste in Antalya province could be 3,821.86 million kg and the potential biogas energy could be 45.57 million MJ. It has been calculated that the total amount of biogas that can be obtained is equivalent to approximately 253.23 million kWh of electrical energy or 43.90 million m3 of natural gas energy. As a result, considering the energy need of Antalya province, it can be said that an economic gain can be achieved by utilizing animal wastes for energy production.

The analysis of the recent periods of oat market in Turkey

Recently, the demand for sufficient and safe food has been increasing, and alternative food sources have gained importance. Oat, which is in the cereals group, is used in animal breeding besides being a human food. Turkey, while in the twentieth in the world in terms of production, is ranked thirty-second in terms of efficiency. The purpose of this study, the production quantity of oat market in recent years in Turkey, cultivation area, yield, average selling price, exports, imports, and foreign trade balance to evaluate. In the research, the statistical data of the Turkey Statistical Institute and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the relevant sector reports, and other studies were used. Trend analysis was conducted in the research, and projections were carried out until 2025, using data from 2000 and 2019. According to the obtained results, in the next period, oat cultivation areas in Turkey, production volume, yield, and prices will tend to rise at different rates. The regression coefficients of these increases were determined as 52.67%, 11.72%, 75.8%, and 98.25%, respectively. On the other hand, it is expected that exports will increase, imports will decrease and foreign trade balance will turn positive, and their regression coefficients are determined as 20.23%, 49.79%, and 50.4%, respectively. It has been determined that the production amount and yield are based on climatic conditions and low productivity is a problem. The problem of low yield can be solved by measures such as developments in agricultural technologies, certified seed, variety improvement, and inclusion in the crop pattern in irrigated farming. In addition, increasing the amount of public agricultural support, and extension activities can increase cultivation, production and productivity. This research also provides useful results in terms of covering up-to-date data on oats.

Şanlıurfa İli Süt Sığırı İşletmelerindeki Süt Verim Kaybına Isı Stresinin Etkisi

Bu çalışma, Şanlıurfa ilinin ilçelerine ait sıcaklık nem indekslerini (SNİ) hesaplayarak ısı stresinin süt kayıpları üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri setini Diyarbakır Meteoroloji Bölge Müdürlüğünden temin edilen Şanlıurfa ilinin 10 ilçesine ait 1999-2019 yılları arasındaki meteorolojik veriler ile Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan (TUİK) alınan 2019 yılı sağmal inek sayıları oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, ilin tüm ilçelerine ait mayıs-eylül ayları arasındaki SNİ değerleri, SNİ değerinin alansal dağılımı, inek başına günlük süt kayıpları ile günlük toplam süt kayıpları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, SNİ değerlerinin kritik değerleri aştığı ay ve ilçeler dikkate alındığında yüksek SNİ değerlerine bağlı olarak oluşan inek başına günlük süt kaybının en yüksek olduğu ilçe ağustos ayında 10.828 g ile Şanlıurfa merkez, en düşük olduğu ilçe ise haziran ayında 163 g ile Hilvan olarak tespit edilmiştir. Böylece SNİ kaynaklı süt kayıplarının en fazla temmuz ve ağustos aylarında şekillendiği ve en çok etkilenen ilçelerin ise Şanlıurfa Merkez ve Akçakale olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca TUİK’ten alınan Şanlıurfa il ve ilçelerinin 2019 yılına ait 2 yaşın üstündeki toplam süt inek sayıları kullanılarak elde edilen toplam ortalama günlük süt kayıplarının en fazla yaşandığı ilçe ağustos ayında 27283 kg ile Siverek, en az yaşandığı ilçe ise haziran ayıda 71 kg ile Bozova olarak tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu aylarda en fazla kaybın yaşandığı ilçeler süt ineği popülasyonuna bağlı olarak Şanlıurfa merkez, Akçakale ve Siverek olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Şanlıurfa süt işletmelerinde, özellikle temmuz ve ağustos aylarında, ısı stresi nedeniyle önemli süt verim kayıplarının yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Isı stresi ve süt kaybını önlemek için yüksek çevre sıcaklığının olduğu dönemlerde bakım-yönetim uygulamalarının iyileştirilmesi faydalı olacaktır.

Süt Keçisi Yetiştiren İşletmelerin Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirliği ve Aile Geçimi İçin Sürü Büyüklüğünün Tespiti

Bu çalışma ile yeter geliri sağlayabilmek için ekonomik olarak sürdürülebilir süt keçisi yetiştiriciliğinin etkisinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Damızlık Koyun-Keçi Yetiştiriciler Birliğine üye olan işletmelerden oransal örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen, 30 işletme ile anket yapılmak suretiyle, işletmelerin teknik sürü analizi ve aile geçimliliğinde ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik için sürü büyüklüğü belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen parametreler süt verimi (2,1 lt), sürü büyüklüğü (168,21 baş ), sağılan hayvan sayısı (82,54 baş), süt pazarlama oranı (%96,75)‘dır. Süt üretim masraflarının % 52,30‘unu değişken masraflar, % 47,70‘ini ise sabit masraflar oluşturmaktadır. Toplam üretim masrafları içinde en yüksek payı %43,88 ile yem masrafları almaktadır. İşletmelerde keçi yetiştiriciliğinden sağlanan toplam gayri safi üretim değerinin %68,34‘ünü süt, % 27,06‘sını Prodüktif Demirbaş Kıymet Artışı, % 4,60‘ını gübre geliri oluşturmaktadır. İşletmelerde 1 lt süt maliyeti 1,73 TL (0,36 Dolar), (2018 yılı 1 Dolar kuru ortalaması 4,81 TL) olarak hesaplanmıştır. 1 kg keçi sütü fiyatı olan 3 TL (0,62 Dolar), (Çanakkale, Türkiye, satış fiyatı, 2018) dikkate alındığında; İşletmelerin ortalama olarak litre başına 1,27 TL/lt, (%42) kar elde ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Hesaplanan parametreler ile bir sağmal keçiden bir üretim döneminde sadece süt satışından 602,27 TL (125,21 Dolar) kar elde edilmiştir. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu 2018 yılı yoksulluk çalışma sonuçlarına göre dört kişilik bir ailenin yoksulluk sınırı aylık 6.609 TL olarak bildirilmektedir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda ortalama süt verimi 2,10 kg olup 225 gün ortalama sağım süresi ile bundan elde edilen kar göz önünde bulundurularak yapılan hesaplama sonucunda dört kişilik bir ailenin yoksulluk sınırını karşılayacak sağmal keçi sayısı 131 baş olarak belirlenmiştir.

Comparative Theoretical Analysis of Biomass and Energy Potentials of Usable Maize and Wheat Stalk Wastes: Example of Sakarya Province

With the increase in the population in the world and in our country, the energy requirement related to consumer demands is constantly increasing. In our country, although wind, sun, etc. energy sources are used in energy production, fuels of fossil origin (coal, natural gas, oil etc.) are used more in energy production. Renewable energy sources, which are alternative due to the decrease in fossil fuel reserves, negative environmental effects and inability to meet the energy needs in the future, come to the fore. In this study, Turkey Statistical Institute (TUIK) according to the 2015-2019 year data, Sakarya at the central and districts in cultivation areas for cultivated of using the amounts of maize and wheat product (da) average waste, dry matter, and volatile dry matter, methane and energy their potential has been determined. As a result of the calculations, it has been determined that the maize sap waste amount has the highest 25695.68 tons of waste and 201197.15 MJ energy potential in Adapazarı district in 2017. Among the wheat stalk wastes, in 2017, Geyve district had the highest 269.95 tons of waste and 2113.72 MJ energy respectively.

Investigation of factors that affect the frequency of alcohol use of employees in Turkey

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-demographic and economic factors affecting the frequency of alcohol use by employees aged 15 and above in Turkey. Method: In this study, the micro data set obtained from the Turkey Health Survey, which was conducted by the Turkey Statistical Institute between 2008 and 2016, was employed. The factors affecting the frequency of alcohol use by employees were determined by employing ordered logistic regression, ordered probit regression, and generalized ordered probit regression analyses. Results: According to the analysis results, it was concluded that the best model was the generalized ordered probit regression. The results of this model showed that, gender, age, education level, occupational status, marital status, income level, psycho-social support status and survey year were the variables affecting the frequency of alcohol use. Conclusion: In the development of preventive strategies in regarding alcohol use, male individuals, individuals between the ages of 25–55, individuals with university degrees, divorced/widowed individuals, administrators, professionals, individuals from low-income segments, and depressed individuals, who are receiving psycho-social support, should be considered as priorities and more attention should be paid to these groups.

Türkiye, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Muş İlinde Çayır Mera Yem Bitkileri ve Hayvancılığın Bugünkü Durumu

Hayvancılıkta karlı bir üretim için, yem maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi gerekmektedir. 2018 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) resmi verileri üzerinden yapılan hesaplamalara göre, Türkiye 18,6 milyon büyükbaş hayvan birimine (BBHB) denk gelen hayvan varlığının toplam kaba yem ihtiyacı 85 milyon tondur. Ancak Türkiye‘nin toplam kaba yem üretimi toplamı 59 milyon ton olup, bunun 10 mil. tonu çayır meralardan, 18 milyon tonu yem bitkilerinden, 31 milyon tonu diğer bitkisel artıklardan karşılanmaktadır. Ülkedeki toplam kaba yem açığı 26 milyon ton olup, bu da toplam ülkenin toplam kaba yem ihtiyacının %30‘una tekabül etmektedir. Kaliteli kaba yem açığı ise bunun çok üzerindedir. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde ise kaba yem açığı 3,5 milyon ton (% 19) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Muş‘ta ise üretilen kaba yemin, mevcut hayvan varlığına yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hayvancılığın genel olarak meraya dayalı olarak yapıldığı Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde üretilen yem bitkileri miktarı da Türkiye ortalamasının üzerindedir. Türkiye kaba yem açığının kapatılması için mera alanlarının ıslahı ve tekniğine uygun kullanılarak bu alanlardan daha yüksek verim alınması, tarla tarımı içerisinde yem bitkileri ekim alanlarının artırılması gerekmektedir. Kaba yem açığının kapatılması ile daha yüksek hayvansal üretim elde edilebilecek, girdi maliyetleri düşebilecek ve hayvan üreticilerin gelir seviyesi artacak ve hayvansal ürünlerin fiyatı düşebilecektir. Çalışmada Türkiye, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Muş İli çayır mera yem bitkileri durumu, kaba yem üretim durumu, kaba yem açığı konuları irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

The analysis on the logit model of unemployment problem of young people and its decisive in Turkey

Gençler, ülkelerin gelişmesinde önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Türkiye’de toplam nüfus içerisinde gençlerin payı fazladır. Türkiye’nin bu anlamda önemli adımlar atıyor olması gerekmekte ancak son yıllarda giderek artan genç işsizlik oranlarından Türkiye’nin genç nüfusa istihdam olanağı sağlayamadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Genç işsizlik sorunu, Türkiye için oldukça karmaşık ve kompleks bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu sorunun çözümü için öncelikle genç işsizlik olgusunun temel nedenlerinin saptanması ve sorunun çözümüne yönelik uygun politika önermelerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından yapılan Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi (2019) verilerinden yola çıkılarak, gençlerin işgücü piyasasına katılımını etkileyen mikro faktörler (eğitim, cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, hane içerisindeki konum, hane büyüklüğü yerleşim türü) İkili (binary) Logit Analiz ile incelenmiştir. Analizden elde edilen sonuçlara uygun olarak genç işsizliği sorunun çözümüne yönelik uygun politika önermeleri ortaya koyulmuştur.

Evaluation of waste management using clustering algorithm in megacity Istanbul

Industrialization and urbanization are increasing with the effect of globalization worldwide. The waste management problems are rising with the rising population rate, industrialization, and economic developments in the cities, which turned into environmental problems that directly affect human health. This study aims to examine waste management performance in the districts located in the city of Istanbul. To ensure that the districts are clustered in terms of the similarities and differences base on waste management. On this occasion, the authorized unit managers of the districts in the same cluster will be able to establish similar management policies and make joint decisions regarding waste management. In addition, the division of districts into clusters according to the determining indicators can provide information about the locations of waste storage centers. Also, these clusters will form the basis for the optimization constraints required to design appropriate logistics networks. Waste management performance of 39 districts in Istanbul in 2019 was compared by taking into consideration domestic waste, medical waste, population, municipal budget, and mechanical sweeping area. The data were obtained from The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) and Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). One of the non-hierarchical clustering methods, the K-means clustering method, was applied using IBM SPSS Modeler data mining software to determine the relations between 39 districts. As a result, the waste management performance of the districts was evaluated according to the statistical data, similarities and differences were revealed by using the determined indicators.

EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF SME’S LISTED IN THE BIST SME INDUSTRIAL INDEX BY USING TOPSIS MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD

In this study, the financial performances of SMEs listed in the BIST SME Industrial Index are evaluated by using TOPSIS multicriteria decision-making method. The data of the study acquired from annual financial statements that reported between the 2016-2018 period. Financial performance ranks of SMEs are determined for each year and thus comparative financial performances of SMEs are detected.BIST SME Industrial Index is an index that includes stocks of industrial SMEs traded in BIST Stars, BIST Main, and BIST Emerging Companies markets. SMEs have great importance for the Turkish economy, with their dynamizing roles and with their crucial roles in regional development and job creation. According to the Turkey Statistical Institute data, Turkish SMEs constitute 99.8 % of all enterprises in Turkey. At the same time, Turkish SMEs provide 72.7% of total employment, 62% of total sales, and 58% of the total investments of the Turkish Economy.Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is one of the multicriteria decision-making methods that commonly used in the evaluation of financial performances of firms. The TOPSIS method is based on two main points: the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution. With the help of the TOPSIS method, the distances positive ideal solutions and negative ideal solutions of all options are calculated. Options are ranked according to their proximity to the positive ideal solution and their distance to the negative ideal solution.

Evaluation of cancer-related deaths in Turkey between 2009-2018: An epidemiological study

Aim: Determination of cancer incidence and mortality data for all countries is essential for cancer control. These data can affect public health and clinical service planning. In this study, we aimed to examine the variability of cancer deaths in Turkey in terms of age groups, gender, geographic region, and years according to the cancer types between 2009-2018. Methods: In this epidemiological study, cancer-related mortality statistics data presented at the website of Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI) were used. Cancer-related deaths between 2009-2018 were evaluated in terms of ratio to total deaths, age groups, cancer types, geographical regions, and gender. Data were presented as percentages. Results: Cancer-related deaths were observed to increase between 2009-2018. The highest cancer-related mortality rate was seen in the Marmara Region, while it was lowest in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. Cancer-related death rate was higher in males than females, and it was highest in the 65-74 years age range. The most common cause of death in males is lung cancer, and in females, breast cancer. Conclusion: Cancer is responsible for 1/6 of all deaths in the world. Similarly, cancer-related deaths are responsible for approximately 1/5 of all deaths in our country. The risk of cancer in >60 years age group is higher in males than in females. In our country, all kinds of cancers, except female cancers, cause more deaths in males than females.