Trustworthy Organizations Research Articles

Phishing Website Detection

Abstract: Phishing is an online threat where an attacker impersonates an authentic and trustworthy organization to obtain sensitive information from a victim. One example of such is trolling, which has long been considered a problem. However, recent advances in phishing detection, such as machine learning-based methods, have assisted in combatting these attacks. Therefore, this paper develops and compares four models for investigating the efficiency of using machine learning to detect phishing domains. It also compares the most accurate model of the four with existing solutions in the literature. The work carried out in this study is an update in the previous systematic literature surveys with more focus on the latest trends in phishing detection techniques. This study enhances readers' understanding of different types of phishing website detection techniques, the data sets used, and the comparative performance of algorithms used. Our findings show that the model based on the K means clustering is the most accurate of the other four techniques and outperforms other solutions in the literature.

A Blockchain-Based Privacy Preserving Intellectual Property Authentication Method

With the continuous advancement of information technology, a growing number of works, including articles, paintings, and music, are being digitized. Digital content can be swiftly shared and disseminated via the Internet. However, it is also vulnerable to malicious plagiarism, which can seriously infringe upon the rights of creators and dampen their enthusiasm. To protect creators’ rights and interests, a sophisticated method is necessary to authenticate digital intellectual property rights. Traditional authentication methods rely on centralized, trustworthy organizations that are susceptible to single points of failure. Additionally, these methods are prone to network attacks that can lead to data loss, tampering, or leakage. Moreover, the circulation of copyright information often lacks transparency and traceability in traditional systems, which leads to information asymmetry and prevents creators from controlling the use and protection of their personal information during the authentication process. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, tamper-proof, and traceable attributes, addresses these issues perfectly. In blockchain technology, each node is a peer, ensuring the symmetry of information. However, the transparent feature of blockchains can lead to the leakage of user privacy data. Therefore, this study designs and implements an Ethereum blockchain-based intellectual property authentication scheme with privacy protection. Firstly, we propose a method that combines elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) encryption with digital signatures to achieve selective encryption of user personal information. Subsequently, an authentication algorithm based on Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARK) is adopted to complete the authentication of intellectual property ownership while encrypting personal privacy data. Finally, we adopt the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to store large files, solving the problem of blockchain storage space limitations.

Ensemble Model for Detecting Phishing and Trojan using Latest Machine Learning Technique

Phishing is an online threat where an attacker impersonates an authentic and trustworthy organization to obtain sensitive information from a victim. One example of such is trolling, which has long been considered a problem. However, recent advances in phishing detection, such as machine learning-based methods, have assisted in combatting these attacks. Therefore, this paper develops and compares four models for investigating the efficiency of using machine learning to detect phishing domains. It also compares the most accurate model of the four with existing solutions in the literature. These models were developed using artificial neural networks(ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees (DTs), and random forest (RF)techniques. Moreover, the uniform resource locator’s (URL’s) UCI phishing domains dataset is used as a benchmark to evaluate the models. Our findings show that the model based on the random forest technique is the most accurate of the other four techniques and outperforms other solutions in the literature.

Stuttering on Instagram: What is the focus of stuttering-related Instagram posts and how do users engage with them?

PurposeInstagram has become a popular platform for sharing and seeking health-related information, including stuttering. However, concerns have been raised about the accuracy, confidentiality, and potential negative impact of such information. This study aims to examine how stuttering is defined and understood on Instagram, and how users engage with related content. MethodsWe analyzed highly engaged Instagram posts with the hashtag "#Stuttering" published within a year and their corresponding comments using thematic analysis. ResultsThe results revealed four main themes and nine sub-themes that highlighted different understandings of stuttering on Instagram, including the need for intervention, emotional impact on people who stutter, positive meanings, and mental health implications. User engagement varied based on the nature of the post, with users showing appreciation, objections, seeking advice, celebrating success stories, mocking, or advocating for people who stutter. ConclusionAlthough Instagram can serve as a means of normalizing stuttering and highlighting success stories, it raises concerns about the promotion of non-evidence-based treatments and the use of stuttering for political or entertainment purposes. This study emphasizes the need to critically evaluate health-related information presented on social media platforms. To provide reliable information to PWS and their families who seek information on social media, it is recommended to promote evidence-based information on stuttering through trustworthy organizations such as the National Stuttering Association or the Stuttering Foundation, particularly on special occasions like International Stuttering Awareness Day.

Strategi Pemasaran Online dan Pencegahan Penipuan Eradigitalisai

Online marketing, also known as digital marketing, involves promoting products or services through digital mediums such as the Internet, mobile devices, and social platforms. It involves using different strategies to achieve business goals, such as increasing brand awareness, generating leads or customers, increasing sales, and building relationships. customer system. Phishing is a technique in which scammers attempt to trick victims into providing personal information such as passwords, credit card numbers, or other financial information by pretending to be a trustworthy organization through fake email or fake website.

Detecting Phishing Domains Using Machine Learning

Phishing is an online threat where an attacker impersonates an authentic and trustworthy organization to obtain sensitive information from a victim. One example of such is trolling, which has long been considered a problem. However, recent advances in phishing detection, such as machine learning-based methods, have assisted in combatting these attacks. Therefore, this paper develops and compares four models for investigating the efficiency of using machine learning to detect phishing domains. It also compares the most accurate model of the four with existing solutions in the literature. These models were developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees (DTs), and random forest (RF) techniques. Moreover, the uniform resource locator’s (URL’s) UCI phishing domains dataset is used as a benchmark to evaluate the models. Our findings show that the model based on the random forest technique is the most accurate of the other four techniques and outperforms other solutions in the literature.

Partnerships Said to Be Key to Equitable Care

Partnerships Said to Be Key to Equitable Care

Block-A-City: An Agricultural Application Framework Using Blockchain for Next-Generation Smart Cities

Conventional lifestyles and working methods are motivated by rising trends and new technologies to form smart cities. Distributed chains are growing to computerize with a highly complicated framework. It is becoming an essential source of additional advantages in today's digital and smart city. Customers or users of smart cities are highly concerned about the quality of food and farm products. On the other hand, tracking the source information is challenging and, preserving its provenance throughout the supply chain network. Traditional supply chain networks are centralized, where a third party does the trading. These centralized systems lack of quality transparency and distribution accountability. Therefore, we provide a promising approach with a unique strategy for converting conventional agriculture to smart agriculture, concerning smart cities, considering blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) features. The blockchain technique is responsible for maintaining the immutability of the existing network. Still, it faces problems resolving fundamental issues in the distribution chain, like the trustworthiness of the different involved members, transaction responsibility, and real-time tracking. As a result, a trustworthy organization with traceability, conviction, confirmed transportation, and transparent mechanisms in the e-farm supply chain is proposed. Ethereum is used to deploy the proposed smart contract. Testing with the Hyperledger caliper measuring tool shows performance evaluation of several factors such as latency, throughput, resource consumption transaction per second, and so on are assessed. The findings support the effectiveness of the recommended strategy.

Widening or narrowing inequalities? The equity implications of digital tools to support COVID-19 contact tracing: A qualitative study.

BackgroundAs digital tools are increasingly used to support COVID‐19 contact tracing, the equity implications must be considered. As part of a study to understand the public's views of digital contact tracing tools developed for the national ‘Test and Protect’ programme in Scotland, we aimed to explore the views of groups often excluded from such discussions. This paper reports on their views about the potential for contact tracing to exacerbate inequalities.MethodsA qualitative study was carried out; interviews were conducted with key informants from organizations supporting people in marginalized situations, followed by interviews and focus groups with people recruited from these groups. Participants included, or represented, minority ethnic groups, asylum seekers and refugees and those experiencing multiple disadvantage including severe and enduring poverty.ResultsA total of 42 people participated: 13 key informants and 29 members of the public. While public participants were supportive of contact tracing, key informants raised concerns. Both sets of participants spoke about how contact tracing, and its associated digital tools, might increase inequalities. Barriers included finances (inability to afford smartphones or the data to ensure access to the internet); language (digital tools were available only in English and required a degree of literacy, even for English speakers); and trust (many marginalized groups distrusted statutory organizations and there were concerns that data may be passed to other organizations). One strength was that NHS Scotland, the data guardian, is seen as a generally trustworthy organization. Poverty was recognized as a barrier to people's ability to self‐isolate. Some participants were concerned about giving contact details of individuals who might struggle to self‐isolate for financial reasons.ConclusionsThe impact of contact tracing and associated digital tools on marginalized populations needs careful monitoring. This should include the contact tracing process and the ability of people to self‐isolate. Regular clear messaging from trusted groups and community members could help maintain trust and participation in the programme.Patient and Public ContributionOur patient and public involvement coapplicant, L. L., was involved in all aspects of the study including coauthorship. Interim results were presented to our local Public and Patient Involvement and Engagement Group, who commented on interpretation and made suggestions about further recruitment.

Adaptability in Communication Technology in Increasing Performance of Conventional Taxi Companies

Internal factors and external factors influence performance. Collapse industry taxis in Indonesia seen from drop drastic total company taxis, namely 35 companies in 2014 and the remaining only four companies in 2016 were one consequence of the decline in the performance of several company taxies conventional form factor external. There has been disruption with the present company transportation based on App that appears to spread globalization in life public including in organization. However, because the emergence of application-based transportation companies as external factors is difficult to avoid, established taxi companies need to make organizational efforts internally to improve company performance through communication organization. Communication organization is essential for a company on various scales to maintain employees, take care stability company, and grow the business, so connection good Among leaders and employees needs building. Something organization will bring meaningful existence similar vision and mission to which direction the organization that. Without the presence of vision, mission, and goals through communication, a solid and reasonable organization are impossible for the organization to keep going, develop, adapt, and perform well. But with vision communication trustworthy organization, existence development technology very open communication opportunity for the organization for doing change or shift in the world of disruption along with the development of the times.

Artificial Intelligence as a Service for Immoral Content Detection and Eradication

Social media is referred to as active global media because of its seamless binding thanks to COVID-19. Connecting software such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, WeChat, and others come with a variety of capabilities. They are well-known for their low-cost, quick, and effective communication. Because of the seclusion and travel constraints caused by COVID-19, concerns, such as low physical involvement in many possible activities, have arisen. Depending on their information, knowledge, nature, experience, and way of behavior, various types of human beings have diverse responses to any scenario. As the number of net subscribers grows, inappropriate material has become a major concern. The world's most prestigious and trustworthy organizations are keenly interested in conducting practical research in this field. The research contributes to using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a service (AIaaS) for preventing the spread of immoral content. As software as a service (SaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS), AIaaS for immoral content detection and eradication can use effective cloud computing models to leverage this service. It is highly adaptable and dynamic. AIaaS-based immoral content detection is mostly effective for optimizing the outcomes based on big data training data samples. Immoral content is identified for semantic and sentiment evaluation, and content is divided into immoral, cyberbullying, and dislike components. The suggested paper's main issue is the polarity of immoral content that can be processed using an AI-based optimization approach to control content proliferation. To finish the class and statistical analysis, support vector machine (SVM), selection tree, and Naive Bayes classifiers are employed.

THE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Police is an organization whose activities significantly contribute to sustainable development goals implementation. The nature and subject of its activity are related to maintaining relations with the society with which it is in constant interaction. At the same time, an important issue, as in the case of other public organizations, is the social responsibility of the police. Its dimensions determine the creation of an atmosphere conducive to social participation next to the police in national security. In the effective implementation of a model of social responsibility of the police, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of internal factors (the police) and external factors (the police and its stakeholders) influencing the results of this process. For the police, being a responsible organization does not mean only fulfilling all formal and legal requirements. To be perceived as a trustworthy organization, it must think and act in terms of the future, see and consider various implications, take into account human dignity, observe fair rules of operation, respond quickly to the comments and suggestions of stakeholders.

The Interplay of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and Individual Social Responsibility (ISR) towards Enhanced Organizational Resilience in MNCs

Individual Social Responsibility (ISR) is becoming a fundamental pillar for companies with transparent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies. This approach leverages the inseparability of an individual's cultural and socioeconomic from contextual factors such as environmental, social, economic, and stakeholder perspectives. This paper will focus on the enhancement of organizational resilience through positive interaction between ISR and CSR. CSR is the result of evolutionary practices responding to the fulfillment of society’s demand for more ethical, transparent, and trustworthy organizations. However, research indicates that CSR cannot be effective without adherence to the ISR principles aligned with the demanded premises and values.

Privacy Rating: A User-Centered Approach for Visualizing Data Handling Practices of Online Services

<roman><b>Background:</b></roman> Many countries mandate transparency and consent when personal data are handled by online services. However, most users do not read privacy policies or cannot understand them. An important challenge for technical communicators is empowering users to manage their online privacy responsibly. <roman><b>Literature review:</b></roman> Research suggests that privacy visualizations may alleviate this problem, but existing approaches are incomplete and under-researched. <roman><b>Research questions:</b></roman> 1. How can we design a privacy rating that optimally empowers users with different levels of knowledge about and awareness of online privacy&#x003F; 2. How do users react to such a privacy rating, in terms of usability, perceived usefulness, and trust in online services&#x003F; <roman><b>Methodology:</b></roman> We developed Privacy Rating, a tool for mapping and visualizing the privacy of online services. The tool was subjected to user research (N &#x003D; 30) focusing on usability, perceived usefulness, and effects on trust. To establish the effects on trust, participants were exposed to a website with either a positive or a negative privacy rating. <roman><b>Results:</b></roman> The Privacy Rating appeared to be usable and useful for lay users, and it had a significant effect on users&#x2019; trust in the online service. Users indicated that they would like the visualization to become an established standard, preferably approved by an independent organization. <roman><b>Conclusions:</b></roman> The Privacy Rating is a user-friendly privacy visualization covering all relevant aspects of privacy. We aim to bring the tool to the market and make it a standard, ideally supported by an independent trustworthy organization.

Exploring the Link between Corporate Reputation with Sustainability Leadership and Market Valuation: A Comparative Analysis of Award and Non-Award Companies in PSX

This literature investigated the impact of corporate reputation on companies’ performance and their market valuation in the Pakistan stock market. We attempted to explore whether companies with a high reputation for sustainability also perform better in the Pakistan stock market. Verifying signaling theory and asset-based theories on the Pakistani market, we explained why associations signal their promise to practicality to influence the outer point of view on reputation. A company's standing for being focused on supportability is a theoretical asset that can expand the estimation of an association's normal cash flows or potentially lessen the inconstancy of its cash flows. For finding out the companies with a reputation with sustainability, we used the PSX criteria of the award list. Data was taken from 2014 to 2018 (five years) from the award list announced by Pakistan stock exchange limited. We classify a company as an award company if it continuously got included in the PSX award list in a specified period of four out of five times. Similarly, a non-award company was classified as an accompanying with the same market capitalization as Award Company but not included in the list. In this way, 12 awards and 24 non-award companies were shortlisted. We also include 12 non-award companies of the same sector and market capitalization for sector analysis between reputation and non-reputation. Comparative analysis was carried out through 1-way ANOVA and factor affecting and market valuation of the two groups were explored using regression analysis. These factors included net income (NI), book value of equity (BV), Size, ROE, ROA, and Leverage (LEV) represented by debt ratio. According to expectation, our results of t-test suggested that the mean of all variables for award and non-award companies are significantly different and the mean of award companies are higher than their counter part. One way Anova consequences of sectorial examination demonstrated that concerning net gain, there is huge contrast between the methods for trustworthy organizations and non-respectable organizations in seven out of nine areas. Regression Analysis prove our equation that independent variable has significant impact on dependent variable. Our findings showed that the overall firms with incredible sustainability reputation and managed to name on award list of our sample year has greater valuation by the market when stood out from their counterparty (non-award companies). Hence, our results imply that organizations have to focus on their reputation for corporate sustainability which in turn improve their financial position and enhance their market valuation.

Factors Associated With Perceived Trust of False Abortion Websites: Cross-sectional Online Survey.

BackgroundMost patients use the internet to search for health information. While there is a vast repository of searchable information online, much of the content is unregulated and therefore potentially incorrect, conflicting, or confusing. Abortion information online is particularly prone to being inaccurate as antichoice websites publish purposefully misleading information in formats that appear as neutral resources. To understand how antichoice websites appear neutral, we need to understand the specific website features of antichoice websites that impart an impression of trustworthiness.ObjectiveWe sought to identify the characteristics of false or misleading abortion websites that make these websites appear trustworthy to the public.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. We used validated questionnaires to ask participants to rate 11 antichoice websites and one neutral website identified by experts, focusing on website content, creators, and design. We collected sociodemographic data and participant views on abortion. We used a composite measure of “mean overall trust” as our primary outcome. Using correlation matrices, we determined which website characteristics were most associated with mean overall trust. Finally, we used linear regression to identify participant characteristics associated with overall trust.ResultsOur analytic sample included 498 participants aged from 22 to 70 years, and 50.1% (247/493) identified as female. Across 11 antichoice websites, creator confidence (“I believe that the creators of this website are honest and trustworthy”) had the highest correlation coefficient (strongest relationship) with mean overall trust (coefficient=0.70). Professional appearance (coefficient=0.59), look and feel (coefficient=0.59), perception that the information is created by experts (coefficient=0.59), association with a trustworthy organization (coefficient=0.58), valued features and functionalities (coefficient=0.54), and interactive capabilities (coefficient=0.52) all demonstrated strong relationships with mean overall trust. At the individual level, prochoice leaning was associated with higher overall trust of the neutral website (B=−0.43, 95% CI −0.87 to 0.01) and lower mean overall trust of the antichoice websites (B=0.52, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.99).ConclusionsThe mean overall trust of antichoice websites is most associated with design characteristics and perceived trustworthiness of website creators. Those who believe that access to abortion should be limited are more likely to have higher mean overall trust for antichoice websites.

To Reform Social Media, Reform Informational Capitalism

Calls for altering First Amendment protections to deal with problems caused by social media are often misdirected. The problem is not First Amendment doctrines that protect harmful or false speech. The problem is the health of the digital public sphere: in particular, whether the digital public sphere, as currently constituted, adequately protects the values of political democracy, cultural democracy, and the growth and spread of knowledge. Instead of tinkering with First Amendment doctrines at the margins, we should focus on the industrial organization of digital media and the current business models of social media companies. Only a handful of social media companies currently dominate online discourse. In addition, the business models of social media companies give them incentives to act irresponsibly and amplify false and harmful content. The goals of social media regulation should therefore be twofold. The first goal should be to ensure a more diverse ecology of social media so that no single company’s construction or governance of the digital public sphere dominates. The second goal should be to give social media companies — or at least the largest and most powerful ones — incentives to become trusted and trustworthy organizations for facilitating, organizing, and curating public discourse. Competition law, consumer protection, and privacy reforms are needed to create a more diverse and pluralistic industry and to discourage business practices that undermine the digital public sphere. Given these goals, the focus should not be on First Amendment doctrines of content regulation, but on digital business models. To the extent that First Amendment doctrine requires any changes, one should aim at relatively recent decisions concerning commercial speech, data privacy, and telecommunications law that might make it harder for Congress to regulate digital businesses.

A review of studies on the COVID-19 epidemic crisis disease with a preventive approach.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious acute respiratory syndrome and has been declared a pandemic in more than 209 countries worldwide. At the time of writing, no preventive vaccine has been developed and tested in the community. This study was conducted to review studies aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus worldwide. This study was a review of the evidence-based literature and was conducted by searching databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, until April 2020. The search was performed based on keywords including "coronavirus", "COVID-19", and "prevention". The list of references in the final studies has also been re-reviewed to find articles that might not have been obtained through the search. The guidelines published by trustworthy organizations such as the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have been used in this study. So far, no vaccine or definitive treatment for COVID-19 has been invented, and the disease has become a pandemic. Therefore, observation of hand hygiene, disinfection of high-touch surfaces, observation of social distance, and lack of presence in public places are recommended as preventive measures. Moreover, to control the situation and to reduce the incidence of the virus, some of the measures taken by the decision-making bodies and the guidelines of the deterrent institutions to strengthen telecommuting of employees and reduce the presence of people in the community and prevent unnecessary activities, are very important.

Health promotion with physiolytics: What is driving people to subscribe in a data-driven health plan.

Data-driven health promotion programs and health plans try to harness the new possibilities of ubiquitous and pervasive physiolytics devices. In this paper we seek to explore what drives people to subscribe to such a data-driven health plan. Our study reveals that the decision to subscribe to a data-driven health plan is strongly influenced by the beliefs of seeing physiolytics as enabler for positive health behavior change and of perceiving health insurances as trustworthy organizations that are capable of securely and righteously manage the data collected by physiolytics.

Development of the regulatory function of VAT in Russia: prospects for borrowing the Chinese tax refund practices

This article discusses the possible directions for the development of the regulatory function of the value-added tax (VAT) in Russia. The relevance of the study lies in the need to expand the set of tools to support the Russian exports. The aim of this work is to identify the possible directions for the development of the regulatory function of VAT. The authors consider the functions of taxes and prove their thesis about the multifunctionality of VAT. They have distinguished four tax functions: fiscal, regulatory, control, and distribution — and provided the characteristics of each of them. The features of the implementation of the regulatory function of VAT in China are considered. A key feature of the Chinese model is the application of differentiated rates to VAT refund amounts for exporting companies. This practice was introduced a year after the introduction of VAT and today is used as a tool to stimulate (or discourage) foreign trade companies. In addition, the authors have identified three possible ways to use the Chinese experience in Russian conditions. The first direction involves differentiating the amounts of VAT deductions within the framework of the operation of the automated VAT control system (version 2): the most reliable companies receive the most deductions and vice versa. The second area involves the differentiation of VAT deduction amounts within the framework of industry charters: the most trustworthy organizations in the industry receive the largest deductions and vice versa. The third area involves the differentiation of VAT deductions in the framework of national projects: the largest deductions are provided for priority categories of goods. To work in each of these directions, the authors propose a system of export coefficients. An assessment is given of possible distortion of the principle of VAT neutrality, which will inevitably occur when the role of the regulatory function is enhanced.