Triticale Varieties Research Articles

The use of non-traditional feed products in the diets of broiler chickens under the conditions of the south of Russia

The territory of the Republic of Adygea is very favorable for intensive grain production. However, in recent years, there has been a steady trend of increasing average annual air temperatures in this subject of the south of Russia, droughts are increasingly occurring. At the same time, the yield of grain crops is falling. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the introduction of triticale, sorghum and rapeseed grains (presscake and meal) into feed production, which are more resistant to adverse climatic factors compared to traditional cereals (wheat, barley and corn) and oilseeds (soy, sunfl ower). The purpose of the research was to experimentally substantiate the use of non-traditional feed products in the diets of broiler chickens under the conditions of the South of Russia. Under the conditions of the arid zone of the south of Russia, the eff ectiveness of using non-traditional grain crops (drought-resistant triticale varieties) in the formulation of compound feeds for broiler chickens, the use of rapeseed meal in compound feeds containing triticale and the use of methods to increase the effi ciency of using complete compound feeds containing non-traditional components has been experimentally substantiated. It has been established that under the conditions of the arid climate of the south of Russia, without prejudice to the economic and biological indicators, broiler chickens with a twophase type of feeding should include triticale grain (in the fi rst phase at a dose of 10,0 %, in the second phase at a dose of 16,4 % by weight of compound feed) and rapeseed meal (in the fi rst phase at a dose of 14,0 %, in the second phase at a dose of 16,0 % by weight of compound feed) instead of a similar amount of traditional and more expensive soy and sunflower meal. This contributed to a reduction in costs per 1 kg of gain of 5,56 rubles and the increase in the profitability of poultry meat production by 3,70 abs.%.

Влияние сроков посева на фотосинтез тритикале в условиях Приамурья

Abstract. In the Amur region the share of soybean in the structure of sown areas has reached 73.7 % over the last decade, the phytosanitary condition of agrocenoses has deteriorated, pesticide load on fields has significantly increased, which causes new ecological risks. Some reduction of this load may be caused by increasing the proportion of grain crops, including triticale. The purpose of the study was to establish the effective sowing date of spring triticale varieties providing optimal photosynthetic activity of agrocenoses in the conditions of Amur region. The method of field experiment by B. A. Dospekhov and determination of photosynthetic activity of crops by A. A. Nichyparovich were used. Scientific novelty. The photosynthetic activity of spring triticale varieties at different sowing dates in years with different meteorological conditions has been evaluated. Results. The greatest area of leaf apparatus is formed at sowing in April, 29 reaching maximum values in a phase of flowering in sort Ukro – 37,2 thousand m2/ha, in sort Yarilo – 30,4 thousand m2/ha, in sort Karmen – 33,0 thousand m2/ha. The correlation analysis revealed direct and strong influence of sowing dates on formation of the assimilative apparatus of plants and yield of spring triticale rxy = 0,833. Statistically significant differences were obtained p = 0.016. In the regression equation with increasing leaf area by 1 m2/ha the grain yield of triticale is expected to increase by 0.056 t/ha. Photosynthetic potential of the varieties differed in the years of research and depended on the value of the assimilating surface and the duration of the leaves. A regular decrease in net photosynthetic productivity from early to late sowing was established. The highest value of net photosynthetic productivity was obtained at sowing 15.04 – 2.03 g/m2 per day. The constituent elements of photosynthesis resulted in grain yields of the variety Yarilo – 2.26 t/ha, Ukro – 2.61 t/ha and Karmen – 2.23 t/ha.

Adaptability of winter triticale varieties on different backgrounds of mineral nutrient in the Middle Don conditions

The research was carried out in order to study the adaptive features of winter triticale varieties depending on the level of mineral nutrition in the soil and climatic conditions of the north-western zone of the Rostov region. The work was carried out on medium-sized southern carbonate chernozem in 2012-2019. The material for the study was 10 varieties of winter triticale of their own selection. The scheme of the experiment included 12 backgrounds of mineral nutrition. The crops were placed on a black steam, the seeding rate was 4 million germinating seeds per 1 he for each agrophone. The agro-climatic conditions during the years of the experiment were contrasting. On average, over the years of research, the most favorable regime for realizing the potential productivity of winter triticale was formed when it was sown at high agrophones (144 ...208 kg of a.s./1 he). At the same time, the average port yield reached the level of 8.11...8.35 t/he of grain. The productive capabilities of all varieties (except Caprice) were high, they amounted to 98...111%. Under contrasting conditions of mineral nutrition, Ataman Platov and Donslav varieties had an optimal ratio between the needs of the genotype and the level of the agrophone. At the same time, they formed the maximum yield in the experiment (8.67 and 8.37 t/he, respectively). The Aztec variety had a wider range of adaptive capabilities than other varieties, so it has a high resistance to a limited amount of fertilizers. The Hector variety was characterized by minimal resistance to nutrient deficiency. According to the optimal combination of parameters of ecological plasticity and stability, the varieties Kapral, Skolot and Donslav were distinguished. In production conditions, they are of some value, since they are able to produce a stable grain yield with various fluctuations in the level of mineral nutrition.

Triticale potential model in the conditions of the Amur region

The need for research is due to the growing demands of the region's animal husbandry in fodder grain. The goal is to establish the average and maximum values of the main economic indicators of triticale varieties in various zones of the region. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2016 on the fields of the zonal State Variety Testing Stations of the Amur Region. Soils are typical of zones. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of triticale are different. Triticale varieties were studied: Karmen St, Grebeshok, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo. Late-ripening varieties in all zones of the region form a high stem. Location of triticale varieties by grain threshing Karmen> Rovnya> Grebeshok and Yarilo> Ukro. The largest mass of 1000 grains - 53.6 g and a yield of 5.36 t/ha is formed by the Karmen variety in the south of the region. Yarilo gives the highest yield in the central zone, and Rovnya in the northern zone. The increase in yield of Yarilo and Rovnya varieties compared to the control ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 t/ha, or from 4.2 to 5.2%. The smallest significant difference in yield for varieties was 5.4–15.8%. In the central zone of the region, the Yarilo variety significantly exceeds the standard by 0.69 t/ha, or 28.3%, in the north, the Grebeshok and Ukro varieties are significantly inferior to the standard by 0.16 and 0.33 t/ha, or 5.6 and 11.5%. The genetic series of the yield potential of varieties in the area of Karmen> Yarilo> Rovnya>Grebeshok > Ukro. A model of factors determining the adaptive potential of triticale in the Amur region is proposed.

Competitiveness of triticale among spring crops of the Amur region

The need for research is due to the growing demand for fodder grain in the domestic consumer market and the instability of the gross yields of traditional spring crops in the region. The goal is to establish the competitive ability of triticale varieties according to the main production and economic characteristics in various zones of the region, relative to traditional spring crops. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2014 on experimental plots of zonal State Variety Testing Plot of the Amur region. During the growing season of grain crops, meteorological conditions differed from long-term readings. The triticale varieties Grebeshok, Karmen, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo were studied. The standards in the experiment were the wheat variety Aryuna, the barley variety Acha and the oat variety Altayskiy large-grained. In the conditions of the region, the longest growing season for wheat is 76 days, and the shortest growing season for barley is 69 days. In varieties of spring triticale, the period from germination to the economic maturity of grain is 1–2 days shorter, or the same as for wheat. The most productive crop is oats – 3.0 t/ha. Wheat yields to oats by 0.5 t/ha or 16.7%, barley yields to oats by 0.45 t/ha or 15%. In the southern zone, the yield of triticale varieties is 0.64–0.87 t/ha higher, in the central zone it is 0.37–0.61 t/ha less, and in the northern zone it is 0.17–0.46 t/ha less than the average regional values.

Ochratoxin A and Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxin Profile in Triticale Seedlings with Different Susceptibility to the Root Rot

Cereals in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan can be affected by the crown and common root rot and spot blotches mostly caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. Triticale is a man-made crop obtained from the crossing of wheat (Triticum sp.) × rye (Secale cereale L.) and it is mainly cultivated as a feed grain for livestock in Kazakhstan. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi secreted by the toxigenic species Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. The study aimed to determine the effect of the varietal factor and the type of mycotoxin on their content in 15-day triticale seedlings. The spread and development indices of root rot were calculated and the Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to determine the concentration of mycotoxins. The content of micro-toxins depended both on their type and the triticale variety (P-value <0.001). The maximum content of mycotoxins Ochratoxin A and Deoxynivalenol in some seedlings reached 100-120 mcg/mL, on average 12.4 and 15.1 mcg/mL, respectively. In Rondo, Fidelio 5, and Valentin varieties, the mycotoxin content was 11.2; 16.9, and 8.6 mcg/mL, with a spread of 79.0-93.0%, the development of common root rot reached 30.5-34.2%, while in Idea, TI 17, Nevo and Dokuckaevsky 9, the average mycotoxin content was lower, within 1.4-3.9 mcg/mL, with a spread of 50.0-65.0% and the development of common root rot reaching 20.5-25.0%. In the triticale Alnaiskii 5 variety, these indices equaled 0.7 mcg/mL; 55.0 and 19.2%, respectively. A high positive correlation (0.8) was found between the content of mycotoxins and the infestation of triticale seedlings with root rot.

Influence of seeding rates on productive qualities of winter triticale in the foothill zone conditions

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of seeding rates on the productivity of winter triticale. Depending on the variety and seeding rate, field germination ranged from 63.4 to 75.7%. Higher field germination is characterised by the winter triticale variety Zimogor from 69.4 to 75.7%. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spike and the weight of the grain depended on the seeding rate. Increase in seeding rate led to a reliable increase in productivity of all three varieties of winter triticale. The highest yield was obtained at a seeding rate of 5 million seeds/ha of germinated seeds, and the lowest - at a seeding rate of 3 million pieces/ha. Consequently, according to the results of our research, we can conclude that the difference in yield between the variants of the experiment was determined by the ear fineness and weight of grain in it (to a less extent), and mainly determined by the number of plants preserved at the time of harvesting. The highest productivity was characterised by the Zimogor variety with a seeding rate of 5 million seeds/ha. On average, its biological yield was 7.60 tonnes/ha. The yield of the Kapriz and Valentin 90 varieties was significantly lower by 1.46 t/ha and 0.70 t/ha, respectively.

Optimization of the breeding process of lodging-resistant varieties of spring triticale

During the field and laboratory studies, selection samples of spring hexaploid triticale were studied according to breeding valuable traits and physical and mechanical properties of the stem. As a result of the research, an information database was created, which contains information on the study of samples according to economically valuable characteristics, product quality, a set of characteristics of biometric and physical and mechanical properties of the tissue of spring triticale stems. The set of data contained in the database, can be used in the selection of parent pairs for hybridization, selection of valuable genotypes from hybrid populations, in the breeding of new lodging-resistant varieties.

Adaptive potential of winter triticale breeding lines (×Triticosecale Wittmack) in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Topicality. The requirements for modern winter triticale varieties include high grain yield and quality, as well as resistance to adverse environmental factors, i.e. high adaptability. Therefore, it remains important to develop varieties that combine the highest yield potential with genetic resistance to limiting factors. Purpose. To identify winter triticale breeding lines with high adaptability for use in breeding practice. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine. As a standard, the Amur variety was used. We have examined 20 breeding lines. Accounting plot area was 10 m2, trial was repeated four times. In experiment, laboratory-field and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results. In 2019/20-2021/22, contrasting meteorological conditions made it possible to evaluate and select breeding lines of winter triticale by adaptive potential. It was found that the yield, which actually characterises the genotype response to environmental growing conditions, was the highest (5.36 t/ha) in 2020/21 and the lowest (3.81 t/ha) in 2019/20. It was established that the breeding lines 22002 ( = 4.97 t/ha), 22008 ( = 4.88 t/ha), 22016 ( = 4.79 t /ha) had the best general adaptability in comparison with the Amur variety-standard, and they were included in the group with the highest indicators of maximum yield (ranks of 1–3). The coefficient of variation was characterized by an insignificant (7.24–7.66 %) and medium level of variability (12.54–16.65 %), which confirms a fairly high and stable genotypic component in the formation of plant productivity. Calculations of ecological plasticity made it possible to identify the lines 22015, 22004 (bi = 0.63), which significantly reduced the yield under limited growing con-ditions. It is explained by high resistance of these lines to adverse environmental factors. In terms of yield, the highest homeostaticity and breeding value were shown by lines 22004, 22015, and 22008. Conclusions. During the research, we have identified the breeding lines 22004, 22015, 22008, and 22002 with high adaptive potential, which can used as a source material for developing highly productive varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: winter triticale, breeding lines, adaptability, yield, meteorological conditions

Оценка влияния образцов коллекции ×Trititrigia как исходного материала на качество зерна в селекционном процессе зерновых культур

In the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region, the development of wheat and triticale varieties combining stable high yields and grain quality is one of the most important breeding problems. One of the solutions may be to increase the genetic diversity of new varieties through interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tzvel., 1973) is a synthetic grain crop (2n=56), a potential donor of economically valuable traits of wheat. The studies were carried out in the conditions of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils of the Moscow region (2008–2014). Samples of late generations of trititrigia from the modern collection of the Department of Remote Hybridization of the МBG RAS on grain quality were studied. The results show that most of the samples (82%) have a potentially high protein content exceeding 13.5%. 10% of the samples accumulate more than 16% protein in grain and can be included in breeding programs. The studied samples exceed the varieties Moskovskaya 39 and Zarya in the amount of gluten in grain and form from 32.6 to 52.0% and can be used both for cultivation as independent varieties for dry gluten production and as parent components in crosses.

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN THE NEW VARIETIES OF TRITICALE, HAIDUC AND FDL BOLID

Currently, new varieties of triticale show improved morphological characteristics, according to the requirements of practice. The new directions mainly concern the waist and the components of the ear. Recent research has shown that new varieties, which form chains with relatively lower heights, could be suitable for different levels of intensification. On the other hand, current studies on morphological characters are useful in the progress of variety improvement, characteristic of the current stage. The wide genetic dowry and growing conditions of triticale usually lead to the specific expression of plant morphology. In the autumn triticale varieties Haiduc and FDL Bolid, some new directions were found, these being recently improved. Thus, compared to the two varieties, the straw and its upper segments were shorter in Haiduc. The thickness of the straw at the base was 0.2 mm smaller at Bolid. Both the length of the spike and its weight were similar. The Haiduc variety dominated instead in the number of spikelets in a spike, 31 compared to 29 in the Bolid variety. The membranes that cover the spikelet had similar dimensions: the external glume of 9 mm, the lower palea of 12-13 mm, and at Bolid the awn was 2 cm higher. The two varieties of triticale were more obviously differentiated by the morphological characteristics of the grains. Thus, for the Bolid variety, the number of grains in an ear was higher by 10, and the weight was higher by 0.5 g. Instead, the grain length was higher in Haiduc. The dominant values of the mass of one thousand grains were in both varieties at 50 g. Specific and at the same time important correlations were obtained between the morphological characters of the varieties. Thus, the number of grains in an ear and their weight were positively correlated with all the studied characters, with higher values of the correlation coefficients obtained for the Bolid variety. Both varieties of autumn triticale have demonstrated by their morphological characteristics, a good adaptability to zonal conditions.

Влияние азотных удобрений на рост, развитие и урожайность новых сортов яровой тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittm.)

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) is a fairly new grain and fodder crop. Promising varieties of spring and winter types require a certain approach and study of the elements of cultivation technology in specific soil and climatic conditions. This is especially true for the use of energy-intensive products, such as mineral fertilizers and plant protection products. The studies were carried out under conditions of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils with low humus content (1.4-2.0%). The objects of the study were varieties of spring triticale included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2022: Timiryazevskaya 42 and Botanicheskaya 4 (originators are FSBIS ARRIAB and FSBIS MBG RAS). Modern varieties have been shown to be highly responsive to nitrogen fertilization. With an average grain yield without fertilization of 4.45-4.89 t/ha, they respond with increases ranging from 2.74 to 5.10 t/ha (Timiryazevskaya 42) and from 1.11 to 2.71 (Botanicheskaya 4). Under the prevailing meteorological conditions, the maximum grain yield was obtained on the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety with the application of 150 kg of active substance per hectare (9.99 t/ha), on the Botanicheskaya 4 variety with the application of 90 kg of active substance per hectare (7.16 t/ha). Keywords: TRITICALE, NITROGEN FERTILIZERS, DRESSING, NITROGEN, MINERAL NITRITION, YIELD, GRAIN

Effect of precipitation on the nutrient reaction of triticale varieties

Triticale is the first man made genus hybrid of wheat and rye. The basic aim of its production was to combine yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance of rye. In the past decades, triticale crop area has been increasing in Hungary, which climate change has also contributed. The triticale is produce well in dry climatic conditions, so it becomes more and more popular among farmers. Our country is the one of the top 10 triticale producing countries in the World. In the long-term fertilization experiment, at Fülöpszállás, on calcic meadow chernozem soil we carried out experiments in three growing seasons (2018/2019, 2019/2020, 2020/2021) with three winter triticale varieties (Hungaro, Mv Talentum, GK Maros,) in 4 replications, on 20 square meter random layout plots. In our experiment, we examined 15 different fertilization treatments, in every year, which can be used as different fertilization strategies. From the results of our experiments, we concluded that the yield of triticale is largely determined by genotype and nutrient supply, which is strongly influenced by the average annual precipitation. In the dry year, the effect of nutrients on yield was greater than in the rainy growing season.

GRAIN YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF DIFFERENT RYE GENOTYPES

Rye is resistant to cold, drought, diseases, and pests, and it protects and improves the soil structure. The aim of this study was to determine the grain yield and quality of rye (Secale cereale) as feed in Central Anatolian conditions. For this purpose, nine populations and one variety (Aslım-95) of rye and one variety of triticale (Karma-2000) were investigated for grain yield, crude protein content, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, total phenolic, total flavonoid, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and condensed tannin content. Experiments were carried out in Yozgat ecological conditions in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. There were significant (P

Effects of Cutting Stages and Additives on the Fermentation Quality of Triticale, Rye and Oat Silage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is sparsely populated and has vast grassland, which plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry. However, during the forage cutting season, frequent rainfall and low temperatures are consistently experienced, which makes it extremely difficult to produce quality hay. The best way to process hay is to produce silages. In this experiment, dry matter yield and silage fermentation quality of dominant annual forages, namely triticale, rye and oat, with Sila-Max and Sila-Mix lactic acid bacteria additives at the five cutting stages, i.e., heading, flowering, grouting, milky and dough stages, were determined. Triticale at the dough stage had the highest dry matter yield among the three forages at the five cutting stages. The optimum harvesting time for triticale, rye and oat to produce quality silage in the Qinghai–Tibet alpine area was the milky stage. Sila-Max lactic acid bacteria additives could significantly improve the fermentation qualities of triticale, rye and oat silages, but the fermentation effect of Sila-Mix on the three silages was not significant. The triticale variety ‘Gannong No.2’ is the best raw material to produce quality silages in the Qinghai–Tibet alpine area. Overall, quality silage could be made in the Qinghai–Tibet alpine area while using the triticale variety ‘Gannong No.2’ as the raw material, cutting it at the milky stage and adding Sila-Max as the lactic acid bacteria additive.

Продуктивность, качество и питательная ценность зерна яровой тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex. A. Camus) нового сорта Ботаническая 4

В статье представлены результаты конкурсного и экологического испытания в 2014–2022 годах нового сорта гексаплоидной (2n=42) яровой тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex. Camus) Ботаническая 4 в условиях дерново-подзолистых средне- и тяжелосуглинистых почв с низким уровнем гумуса. Индивидуальный отбор в гибридных питомниках и комплексное изучение гибридов по хозяйственно ценным признакам выполнены на Полевой опытной станции ФГБОУ ВО «РГАУ–МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева», в отделе отдалённой гибридизации ФГБУН «Главный ботанический сад им. Н. В. Цицина РАН» (Московская область, Истринский район) и в лаборатории маркерной и геномной селекции ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии» (г. Москва). Результаты испытаний показали, что сорт в среднем имеет урожайность зерна 3,81 т/га, при увеличении уровня обеспеченности почвы азотом урожайность может составить до 7,2 т/га. Сорт отзывчив на подкормки азотными удобрениями и даёт прибавку урожайности зелёной массы от 11,7 до 14,4 т/га и от 3,0 до 3,6 т/га урожайности сухого вещества (в фазу колошения). Среднее содержание белка в зерне составило 11,5–13,5%, сухой клейковины — 15,2–21,6%. Масса 1000 семян в зависимости от уровня азотного питания составила от 35,6 до 42,7 г. Спектральный анализ зерна сорта Ботаническая 4 показал высокую кормовую ценность, превосходящую по некоторым показателям зерно других культур. Сорт прошёл испытания в Государственной комиссии по сортоиспытанию и был включён в Реестр селекционных достижений по Волго-Вятскому региону в 2022 году.

Study of the Yield and Nutrient Content of Various Triticale Varieties (× Triticosecale)

Between 2017 and 2020, the yields and green yields of different triticale varieties and the most important nutritional parameters of triticale silage were investigated in Szarvas. The plots were sown in 4 replicates in autumn each year in a block system experiment and each plot received the same agro-technique. The earliest date of the 1st sampling in each treatment was timed to the optimal growth stage for triticale (the ear in boot was 6 cm) followed by three additional sampling. Cut 2 to 4 took place nearly every 7 days. Among the triticale varieties (genotypes) tested in the experiment, Hungaro, Dimenzio, GK Szemes and GK Maros. Between 2017 and 2020, the grain yield averages of the varieties ranged from 4.39 to 5.22 t/ha. From the first sampling date, the varieties were able to produce an average green yield of 16.6 to 26.3 t/ha with a dry matter content of 30%. At the second sampling date, the most dynamic increase was green yield 31.2 t/ha and 30.1 t/ha. By the third harvest date, the best yields were around 28.1-34.4 t/ha. At the fourth sampling time, the average yield increase of the varieties was dynamic and ranged from 26.4 to 41.5 t/ha. At the first sampling, the best fibre digestibility (NDFd48) was measured to be 67.4-73.2 %, which steadily decreased at subsequent samplings. At the fourth sampling, the worst fibre digestibility was measured to be 52.4-60.1 %, which represented a significant decrease at all sampling times.

Innovations in the selection and seed-growing process of grain crops

Relevance. One of the objectively existing factors constraining the effectiveness of creating varieties of self-pollinating cereals is the fact that the selection of valuable genotypes begins from the second hybrid generation and is carried outby phenotype. The phenotype of plants is largely subject to phenotypic and modification variability, which obliges breeders to selectmultiple times. The second factor is the need for a long study of the source material for the reasonable selection of parental forms for hybridization. This process with the use of provocative and infectious backgroundstakes in average 3 years. The use of genomic selection and marker-oriented selection practically removes these restrictions, makes the selection process more manageable and predictable, which significantly reduces the time needed to create varieties and increases the efficiency of breeding.Methods. The study was carried out by the Konarev electrophoretic method, as well as by the author's methods of reproduction of varieties and of selection in triticale breeding (patent No. 2558255 “Method of reproduction of grain varieties”, patent No. 2127970 “Method of seed selection in triticale breeding”).Results. The results of hybridization using the best domestic varieties of winter hexaploid triticale as parent forms are presented in order to develop and test new methodological approaches in the selection and seed production of grain crops. The results obtained make it possible to make the process more manageable and predictable, reduce the time needed to create varieties, and, consequently, increase the efficiency of breeding and seed production in agricultural production. The possibility of selecting valuable genotypes from first-generation hybrid plants has been proved.

Dependence of crop capacity and grain quality of winter triticale varieties on the level of mineral nutrition and seeding rates

Relevance and methodology. The response of present winter triticale varieties to the nitrogen nutrition level was assessed at different seeding rates in the agro-climatic conditions of the Bryansk region. The research object was a set of new winter triticale varieties cultivated by intensive technology on gray forest tame soils in the Bryansk region.The purpose of the research was to identify the potential of crop capacity and grain quality of present varieties of winter triticale, depending on the mineral nutrition level and seeding rates. Field experiments were carried out in the educational and experimental farm of the Bryansk State Agrarian University in 2019–2021 with the following crop rotation system: vetch-oats mixture for green fodder, winter triticale, potato, spring wheat.Results. It was established that the grain yield of the varieties under study largely depended on the conditions of moisture and heat availability in the growing season. In the experiment variant with N168Р96К96 and additional fertilizing of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate at the rates of N24 and N10 during spring vegetation and in the shooting stage, the varieties Tornado, Runo, Nina, Impulse, Tribune, Carnet and Legion were distinguished due to the producing programmed grain yield — from 85 to 100 ctw/ha. The grain yield of the varieties Dynamo, Nemchinovskaya 56, Promet and Valentin was from 83.3 to 84.4 ctw/ha on average. In the experiment years all the varieties under study formed stable yields and grain with a high content of crude protein and gluten. On tame soils, with high rates of mineral fertilizers and tank mix of herbicides, the seeding rates of winter triticale seeds can be reduced to 4.5 and 5.0 mln pcs of germinating seeds per 1 ha, therefore, these agrotechnical techniques can be recommended into production as the most important factor of increase of high-quality grain yield.

Bioecological Features, Biochemical and Physicochemical Parameters of Grain of New Genotypes

The presented study allowed for better coverage of the features of new varieties of soft winter wheat and winter triticale, demonstrating the bioecological potential of their crops and the biochemical and physicochemical parameters of grain, which is a relevant matter. This paper presents the results of selection work on winter triticale, highlights the parameters of productivity, the biochemical composition of grain of the new Myronosets variety. The purpose of this study was to create new genotypes of winter triticale and soft winter wheat and investigate them in terms of bioecological potential and biochemical, physico-chemical parameters of grain. The study involved biometric, physico-chemical, biochemical, and mathematical research methods. The Myronosets variety has a high grain yield (6.8-7.2 t/ha), a high protein content (≥14.2%) and a composition of essential amino acids, which confirms its nutritional and consumer value. It is recommended to use flour from this variety to produce functional bakery products. For the first time, it was found that Myronosets triticale variety is superior (4919 mg/100 g DM) to Ariivka wheat variety (3977 mg/100 g DM) and Borotba rye variety (3241 mg/100 g DM) in total amino acid content. It was found that triticale grain is inferior to wheat grain in terms of tryptophan and isoleucine content. Rye is inferior to wheat grain in all essential amino acids except leucine, and to triticale – in all amino acids except tryptophan. The most represented amino acids in triticale grain were as follows: leucine (1442 mg/100 g), valine (733 mg/100 g), phenylalanine (720 mg/100 g) and isoleucine (510 mg/100 g), in rye – leucine (1343 mg/100 g), valine (481 mg/100 g) and phenylalanine (396 mg/100 g). Further broad targeted introduction of the new variety in agroecosystems will increase the volume of grain of valuable both animal feed and to produce functional bakery products