Adaptability of winter triticale varieties on different backgrounds of mineral nutrient in the Middle Don conditions

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to study the adaptive features of winter triticale varieties depending on the level of mineral nutrition in the soil and climatic conditions of the north-western zone of the Rostov region. The work was carried out on medium-sized southern carbonate chernozem in 2012-2019. The material for the study was 10 varieties of winter triticale of their own selection. The scheme of the experiment included 12 backgrounds of mineral nutrition. The crops were placed on a black steam, the seeding rate was 4 million germinating seeds per 1 he for each agrophone. The agro-climatic conditions during the years of the experiment were contrasting. On average, over the years of research, the most favorable regime for realizing the potential productivity of winter triticale was formed when it was sown at high agrophones (144 ...208 kg of a.s./1 he). At the same time, the average port yield reached the level of 8.11...8.35 t/he of grain. The productive capabilities of all varieties (except Caprice) were high, they amounted to 98...111%. Under contrasting conditions of mineral nutrition, Ataman Platov and Donslav varieties had an optimal ratio between the needs of the genotype and the level of the agrophone. At the same time, they formed the maximum yield in the experiment (8.67 and 8.37 t/he, respectively). The Aztec variety had a wider range of adaptive capabilities than other varieties, so it has a high resistance to a limited amount of fertilizers. The Hector variety was characterized by minimal resistance to nutrient deficiency. According to the optimal combination of parameters of ecological plasticity and stability, the varieties Kapral, Skolot and Donslav were distinguished. In production conditions, they are of some value, since they are able to produce a stable grain yield with various fluctuations in the level of mineral nutrition.