Innovations in the selection and seed-growing process of grain crops

Abstract

Relevance. One of the objectively existing factors constraining the effectiveness of creating varieties of self-pollinating cereals is the fact that the selection of valuable genotypes begins from the second hybrid generation and is carried outby phenotype. The phenotype of plants is largely subject to phenotypic and modification variability, which obliges breeders to selectmultiple times. The second factor is the need for a long study of the source material for the reasonable selection of parental forms for hybridization. This process with the use of provocative and infectious backgroundstakes in average 3 years. The use of genomic selection and marker-oriented selection practically removes these restrictions, makes the selection process more manageable and predictable, which significantly reduces the time needed to create varieties and increases the efficiency of breeding.Methods. The study was carried out by the Konarev electrophoretic method, as well as by the author's methods of reproduction of varieties and of selection in triticale breeding (patent No. 2558255 “Method of reproduction of grain varieties”, patent No. 2127970 “Method of seed selection in triticale breeding”).Results. The results of hybridization using the best domestic varieties of winter hexaploid triticale as parent forms are presented in order to develop and test new methodological approaches in the selection and seed production of grain crops. The results obtained make it possible to make the process more manageable and predictable, reduce the time needed to create varieties, and, consequently, increase the efficiency of breeding and seed production in agricultural production. The possibility of selecting valuable genotypes from first-generation hybrid plants has been proved.