Trigger Stage Research Articles

The mechanism of corrupt criminal behavior: features and criminological transformation

Relevance. Understanding a corrupt criminal act from the standpoint of the mechanism of its commission requires investigating the stages of its implementation through the prism of criminological transformation in interaction with ongoing processes in society and social prerequisites, which undoubtedly contributes to a more effective fight against corruption in general.Purpose: is to identify the features of the mechanism of corrupt criminal behavior and its transformation.Objectives: to determine the stages of the mechanism of corrupt criminal behavior, to identify their features, taking into account the forms of committing corrupt acts and their transformation in modern conditions, which is the basis for effective prevention, detection and suppression of corruption crimes.Methodology. The research was based on dialectical, logical, system-structural, statistical methods; the method of analysis and comparison; the sociological method used in conducting the survey, the results of which are used in the study.Results. The stages of the mechanism of corrupt behavior in the commission of crimes are analyzed; criminological features, forms of commission and types of corrupt criminal behavior are highlighted; individual aspects of the transformation of the elements of the mechanism under consideration are identified.Conclusions. The results of the study serve to expand scientific knowledge about the mechanism of individual criminal behavior, taking into account the characteristics of a particular type of crime – corruption; at the same time, the author substantiates that the mechanism of corrupt criminal behavior and its transformation are most clearly manifested in the forms and means of committing a crime; in types of corrupt criminal behavior, but the triggering stage is the formation of motivation, it is difficult it is changeable, maturing under the influence of needs, interests, habits, etc., which determines one of the directions of preventing corruption – the impact on this component of the mechanism under consideration.

Regulatory Roles of Noncanonical Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Lung Diseases.

The inflammatory response consists of two stages: priming and triggering. The triggering stage is marked by the activation of inflammasomes, which are cytosolic protein complexes acting as platforms for inflammation. Inflammasomes are divided into canonical and noncanonical categories. Inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), inflammatory lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis arise from lung inflammation and damage. While the role of canonical inflammasomes in these diseases is well demonstrated, recent findings emphasize the critical roles of noncanonical inflammasomes in regulating inflammation and various inflammatory conditions. Particularly, new studies highlight their involvement in inflammatory lung diseases. This review delves into recent research on the regulatory roles of noncanonical inflammasomes, such as human caspase-4 and murine caspase-11, in lung inflammation and the development of inflammatory lung diseases, as well as the potential for targeting these inflammasomes for new treatments.

Distilling particle knowledge for fast reconstruction at high-energy physics experiments

Knowledge distillation is a form of model compression that allows artificial neural networks of different sizes to learn from one another. Its main application is the compactification of large deep neural networks to free up computational resources, in particular on edge devices. In this article, we consider proton-proton collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and demonstrate a successful knowledge transfer from an event-level graph neural network (GNN) to a particle-level small deep neural network (DNN). Our algorithm, DistillNet, is a DNN that is trained to learn about the provenance of particles, as provided by the soft labels that are the GNN outputs, to predict whether or not a particle originates from the primary interaction vertex. The results indicate that for this problem, which is one of the main challenges at the HL-LHC, there is minimal loss during the transfer of knowledge to the small student network, while improving significantly the computational resource needs compared to the teacher. This is demonstrated for the distilled student network on a CPU, as well as for a quantized and pruned student network deployed on an field programmable gate array. Our study proves that knowledge transfer between networks of different complexity can be used for fast artificial intelligence (AI) in high-energy physics that improves the expressiveness of observables over non-AI-based reconstruction algorithms. Such an approach can become essential at the HL-LHC experiments, e.g. to comply with the resource budget of their trigger stages.

A follicular volume of >0.56 cm3 at trigger is the cutoff to predict oocyte maturity: a starting point for novel volume-based triggering criteria

ObjectiveTo determine the minimum follicular volume on the day of trigger that will correspond to a mature oocyte at egg retrieval by individualized follicular puncture and to calculate the mean follicular growth from ovulation induction to egg retrieval by SonoAVC™follicle. DesignProspective observational study of 53 women undergoing IVF, in which it was possible to identify unequivocally one or more follicles at trigger and at egg retrieval by three-dimensional ultrasound. SettingUniversity-affiliated private IVF center. PatientsThe final sample included 206 follicles from 14 oocyte donors and 39 patients. InterventionsA three-dimensional ultrasound with SonoAVC™follicle was performed at trigger and at egg retrieval. The same operator selected follicles that were easily identified on both scans and verified that they were apt to be aspirated individually. Follicles were punctured individually, recording the real aspirated volume and the maturity stage of the oocyte. Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the relationship between follicular volume on the day of trigger and oocyte maturity stage. The secondary outcome was the rate of follicular growth from the day of trigger to the day of oocyte retrieval as measured by SonoAVC™follicle. ResultsOn the day of trigger 206 follicles were selected. Of these, 5 could not be identified on the day of oocyte retrieval, probably due to follicular rupture (mean volume 4 cm3, range 2-7) and in 48 an oocyte was not obtained. The relationship between follicular volume and oocyte maturity was studied in 153 follicles, 125(82%) mature and 28(18%) immature. ROC curves show an area under the curve of 0.73 (95%CI:0.65-0.80, p<0.001). A follicular volume of >0.56 cm3 is the cut point with the highest Youden index having a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 64% to predict oocyte maturity. The mean follicular growth from trigger to egg retrieval was 26-50% in 53% of cases. ConclusionA follicular volume of >0.56 cm3 at trigger is the cut-off point with the optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity for oocyte maturity. Follicles >2-3 cm3 may undergo spontaneous rupture before egg retrieval. Given these findings, we propose new volume-based criteria for trigger: 70% of follicles >0.6 cm3 with dominant follicles between 2 and 3 cm3. These need validation by randomized controlled trials.

A conceptual model for performance crises in team sport: a narrative review

ABSTRACT In the present paper, we outline a conceptual model for performance crises in sports teams. We derive a definition of team performance crisis from conceptualizations from other research areas (economics, communications sciences, etc.) and stress theories. Combined with sport psychological literature, this knowledge is adapted to match the specifics of team sports. We define a team performance crisis as continuous underperformance across games, accompanied by team members’ threat states, and the inability of a team to cope, resulting in low team functioning. The empirically testable crisis model represents a team performance crisis as a downward spiral with the severity of the crisis determined by how far along the spiral the team has come. There are different stages: crisis predispositions (stage 0), a crisis trigger (stage 1), and the further crisis process (stage 2). While stage 1 depicts what characteristics of a situation have the potential to trigger threat states, stage 2 represents how this leads to the inability to break free. After proposing the model, we differentiate it from other constructs examining the phenomenon of performance deviations and why they are insufficient in explaining lasting underperformance in teams. We provide directions for future research and conclude with practical implications.

The 1st Willy Alvarenga Lacerda lecture: New perspectives for landslide analysis and management

Landslides are widespread all over the world, often causing significant consequences in terms of loss of life and property damage. This explains why many scientists from Geology and Geotechnics have long been engaged in solving complex problems of both theoretical and practical interest. Geologists have systematically investigated the common characteristics of landslides proposing several classification systems, while not providing general laws for the triggering and evolution stages. Geotechnical engineers have implemented models to quantitatively analyze these stages but not to develop a general framework for typical landslide behaviors. Aimed to bridge the scientific branches dealing with landslides and based on the past efforts of many researchers all over the world, this paper focuses on deep-seated landslides developing along an existing and/or a new slip surface and multiple shallow landslides that may involve large areas in short periods of time. Considering that these phenomena are often analyzed at one single topographical scale and through monodisciplinary approaches, the paper proposes a new vision that highlights the possibility of a landslide management modern and open to the advanced technologies.

Integrated Dynamic Model for Numerical Modeling of Complex Landslides: From Progressive Sliding to Rapid Avalanche

Landslides are one of the most common catastrophic mass flows in mountainous areas. The occurrence of fragmentation leads to the evolution of the integrity and stiffness of the sliding mass. The changes in internal composition caused by basal erosion and entrainment make the dynamic evolution of landslides more complex. To consider these complex processes, physics-based dynamic models are often used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of landslides. However, the proprietary assumptions of dynamic models often limit their application to complex events. A single dynamic model is often not competent for the analysis of landslides with evolving dynamic characteristics. In this study, two dynamic models are effectively integrated according to the evolving characteristics of the landslide. The common effects of basal erosion and entrainment are also considered. The maximum sliding velocity, accumulation range, and erosion depth characteristics of this integrated dynamic model are more consistent with the field than those of the single dynamic model. Under the terrain conditions of this study, within a few seconds of the triggering stage, if the occurrence of disintegration is advanced by 2 s, the maximum impact area will increase by about 3.1% to 4.1%, and the maximum kinetic energy will increase by more than 20%. Simulation results indicate that the changes in the integrity of the landslide body significantly affect the evolution of subsequent landslide dynamic characteristics.

Impact-Ionization Switching of High-Voltage Thyristors Connected in Parallel

Thyristors triggered in the impact-ionization wave mode is a promising switching method in pulsed power technology. This triggering approach enhances the current capability of standard thyristors, allowing switching a current pulse with an amplitude of 200 kA and a current rise time rate-of-change (dI/dt) of 58 kA/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math> </inline-formula> s. Thyristor wafer area can be considered as one of the factors that are limiting the peak current amplitude and dI/dt. Switching thyristors in parallel is a possible solution to overcome these limitations. However, no evidence was found in the literature for successful parallel switching of standard thyristors in the impact-ionization wave mode. In this research, the possibility of parallel switching of two standard thyristors rated for 2.2 kV with a wafer diameter of 32 mm was investigated. A Marx generator equipped with a peaking module was used to charge the thyristor equivalent capacitance (1 nF) up to double its static breakdown voltage with a voltage rise time rate-of-change (dV/dt) of more than 1 kV/ns, as required for impact-ionization triggering. The diagnostic system includes two wideband voltage probes (VPs) with a subnanosecond time response, which allows simultaneous measurement of a voltage drop across each thyristor connected in parallel. Two stages of thyristor operation were investigated: 1) a triggering stage, without energy switching, when a dc bias voltage is applied; and 2) a current flow stage, with energy switching, when an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RLC$</tex-math> </inline-formula> discharge circuit is connected. In these experiments, thyristors change from blocking to conducting state within 400 ps, switching a current pulse with an amplitude of 11 kA and a dI/dt of 6 kA/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math> </inline-formula> s (circuit limits). The current imbalance between the thyristors was less than 10%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time reported that high-voltage thyristors connected in parallel have been successfully triggered in the impact-ionization wave mode.

Development of a SiPM Pixel prototype for the Large-Sized Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory. CTA consists of different telescope types of which the largest ones (Large-Sized Telescopes, LSTs) cover the lower energy range, between 20GeV and 200GeV. The first LST is currently being commissioned at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma, Canary Islands. Its camera has 1855 photomultipliers (PMTs) with 1.5 inch cathodes. Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are increasingly becoming valid alternatives to PMTs also in gamma-ray astronomy. In the context of the LST project, there is an effort to study a novel Advanced Camera, equipped with SiPMs and a completely redesigned electronics based on a fully digital approach. To study and develop solutions on the sensors of these camera, we built a prototype camera module with a fully re-designed pre-amplifying stage and sensor bias control while re-using the digitizing and triggering stages of the existing LST camera module. We report on the design choices made to achieve the highest performance in terms of timing and charge resolution and the laboratory measurements validating those choices.

Decomposition of airflow over topography and its application to a topographic blizzard event in central Asia

To better understand the triggering mechanisms of extreme precipitation events in Central Asia due to the complex terrain, a case study of a topographic blizzard that occurred in Xinjiang Province on 30 November 2018 is conducted. The near-surface wind field is decomposed into flow-around and flow-over components to analyze the dynamic and thermodynamic effects of the flow around and over the topography in the Ili River valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The results reveal that the flow around the topography is the dominant component of the flow field that transports water vapor and causes moisture convergence. The symmetric instability observed at the lower level of the snowfall area is attributed to the flow-around wind field, which leads to advective transport of generalized potential temperature and causes changes in potential vorticity, ultimately resulting in symmetric instability. The local variation of stratified instability in the snowfall area is caused by flow-over potential divergence, specifically, the advection of the flow-over wind vertical shear to equivalent potential temperature causes the change of flow-over potential divergence, thus promotes stratified instability. Moreover, the flow-over potential divergence is negatively correlated with the amount of topographic snowfall to a certain extent, which can provide reference for topographic snowfall forecast in the future. Additionally, the cyclonic vorticity in the snowfall area is mainly caused by the flow around topography and flow-around wind produces favorable vortical circulation conditions for snowfall, while the vertical movement near the ground at the snowfall triggering stage is mainly caused by the flow-over component. Furthermore, the flow-over kinetic energy in the snow area is stronger and the work done by the pressure gradient force caused by flow over terrain drives kinetic energy changes.

The Effectiveness of The Implementation of The Community-Based Total Sanitation Program, The First Pillar of Stop Open Defecation in The Work Area of The Palmerah District Community Health Center in 2022

Introduction: The condition of latrines in West Jakarta Administrative City includes the number of permanent healthy latrines 69%, semi-permanent healthy latrines 8%, communal latrines 18% and households that still defecate openly in a closed manner (have toilets but do not have advanced waste treatment) reaches 5%, while for regional data the highest Open Defecation Free (ODF) sub-district status is in Kembangan and Tambora Subdistricts, each of which already has 3 ODF Sub-Districts and areas that do not yet have ODF Sub-Districts namely Cengkareng and Palmerah Subdistricts. Objective: This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Community-Based Total Sanitation Program First Pillar Stop Open Defecation in the working area of ??the Palmerah District Health Center, West Jakarta Administrative City in 2022. Method: This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological design. Result and Discussion: The results of the study obtained a gap in the First Pillar CBTS program to Stop Open Defecation, including in the planning variable, it was found that there were no sanitarians who were trained to become CBTS facilitators, in the implementation variable the result was that the triggering implementation was not optimal by not carrying out the triggering stages according to the requirements, then in the monitoring and control variables, it was found that residents had open defecation and had not applied sanctions or awards related to the first pillar CBTS implementation of Stop Open Defecation. Conclusion: Planning for the CBTS Pillar 1 Stop Open Defecation program at the Palmerah District Public Health Centre for the Planning Process is appropriate, but for human resources, it is still necessary to increase competence in the form of trainings as an effort to support the smooth implementation of the CBTS program

Risk Assessment of Transport Linear Infrastructures to Debris Flow

For the assessment of debris flow risk, it is essential to consider not only the triggering and propagation stages but also to perform analyses of its effects and consequences. The study aims at developing a procedure based on a quantitative risk assessments able to estimate the different levels of risk with reference to transport linear infrastructures. This includes numerical modelling for debris flows to determine the zones where the elements at risk could suffer an impact. A detailed comparison between the performances of two different approaches to debris flow modelling was carried out. In particular, the results of a mono-phase Bingham model (FLO-2D) and that of a single-phase model (RASH-3D) with reference to the Enna area (Sicily). The results can be applied for the risk calculations. The purpose is to define a priority of intervention for the identification of the infrastructures exposed at risk, leading to the choice of safety measures.

A drop in serum progesterone from oocyte pick-up +3 days to +5 days in fresh blastocyst transfer, using hCG-trigger and standard luteal support, is associated with lower ongoing pregnancy rates.

A drop in serum progesterone from oocyte pick-up +3 days to +5 days in fresh blastocyst transfer, using hCG-trigger and standard luteal support, is associated with lower ongoing pregnancy rates.

Trigger Thumb in Pediatric Patients: A 20-Year Update.

The study purpose was to analyze the characteristics of patients presenting for evaluation of pediatric trigger thumb over a 20-year period and to determine what factors were associated with operative versus nonoperative management. All patients evaluated for a pediatric trigger thumb by 1 of 2 hand surgeons at our institution between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected, including patient demographics, laterality, patient age and stage of triggering at presentation, treatment recommendations, age at surgery (if performed), and complications. Comparison was made based on age group (<2 years, 2-5 years, and >5 years). Subgroup analysis was performed for patients who had alternative treatments recommended prior to surgery. A total of 381 patients (468 thumbs) were identified. The average age at presentation was 3.1 years, 76% were stage IV locked trigger thumbs, and 78% underwent surgery. Patients below 2 years were more likely to have bilateral involvement and have nonoperative management recommended prior to surgery. Those below 5 years were more likely to present with stage IV triggering. Patients who presented with a stage IV trigger thumb and had an initial alternative treatment were more likely to go on to have surgery. The total complication rate was 5.3%. These findings are helpful in counseling families and better understanding this patient population. We recommend early surgical intervention, rather than observation or splinting, for patients with stage IV trigger thumbs who can safely undergo anesthesia.

System-level performance study and commissioning of TGC front-end electronics for Phase-2 upgrade of LHC-ATLAS

The Thin Gap Chamber (TGC) of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are responsible to provide muons trigger segments in the endcap region at the hardware trigger stage. The front-end electronics system of the TGC will be upgraded for the HL-LHC to send binary hit-map at every bunch crossing (BC) to the back-end system. Such an operation poses lots of unique challenges: hit BC identification with high efficiency, fine-tuned clock distribution, robustness for SEU, and capability of timing calibration. Accommodating these requirements, the primary processor board (PS Board) is in charge of data processing and reception of control signals from the back-end. An independent control module (JATHub) will take responsibility for FPGA configuration and clock phase monitoring of the PS Boards with an SoC-based design. Prototyping and system-level demonstration with the prototypes have been performed. This experience validates our operation and commissioning strategy of the TGC electronics system for the HL-LHC.

Status of the upgrade project of the CMS Tracker for HL-LHC

The CMS collaboration is currently preparing the upgrade of the tracking system for the High-Luminosity LHC operations (HL-LHC). The HL-LHC is scheduled to start in 2027 and it will bring the instantaneous luminosity up to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1, with an average of 200 interactions per beam crossing, and an integrated luminosity up to 4000 fb−1 over a decade. To operate efficiently in these challenging conditions, the new detector has to provide tracking information to the first level trigger stage and maintain good and efficient offline tracking. In this contribution, the layout of the new detector, the main technology choices together with highlights on the current status of the main detector components will be presented.

Pelaksanaan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat

Community Based Total Sanitation is a policy issued by the government to change hygiene and sanitation behavior through community empowerment to maintain cleanliness in public places such as mosques. However, several mosques in the Southeast Padangsidimpuan District have no bathroom facilities equipped with a septic tank. these risks can reduce the quality of life, buildings and the environment due to low access to services in the sanitation sector. From these problems, the authors want to know how the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia no. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph (1) concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation at the Mosque of Southeast Padangsidimpuan District, what are the factors that hinder the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph (1) concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation, and How is Fiqh Siyasah Review of the Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph (1). The type of research used in this research is field research, using qualitative descriptive analysis methods, namely describing phenomena or events that occur in the field. The data collection instruments used consisted of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study state that there are 3 stages of implementing the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph 1 concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation (Study at the Mosque of Southeast Padangsidimpuan District) namely the preparation stage, triggering stage and monitoring stage. The factors that support its implementation are caused by factors, education level factors, income factors and factors behavior, and if it is seen from the Siyasah Fiqh Review that the government regulations regarding standard sanitation for the manufacture of septic tanks can be seen from the side of Siyasah Duturiyah discussing government policies and regulations.

Potential infrasonic tremors in coal seam systems: Implications for the prediction of coal and gas outbursts

One of the major goals of mining science is to develop models that connect monitoring signals with the dynamics accompanying hazards. Whether the triggering process of an outburst produces observable signatures is a fundamental question related to the potential for outburst early warning realization and probabilistic forecasting. Inspired by a recent discovery that certain volcanoes often generate infrasound waves before eruption, we hypothesize that a similar infrasound-generating mechanism occurs in select outburst-triggering processes. In the laboratory, we designed an experimental program to verify our hypothesis, which considered the presence of a gas pocket at the trigger stage. The results indicated that periodic infrasonic tremors spontaneously emerge if gas temporarily accumulates in the gas pocket before escaping from the simulated coal seam. Moreover, the tremor frequency systematically decreases with increasing pocket thickness. Therefore, we proposed a viable model to explain the origin of these periodic tremors. In particular, our model demonstrated that the pressure in the gas pocket is governed by the equation of a linear oscillator. Hence, under proper conditions, infrasonic tremors emerge due to periodic pressure oscillations in the gas pocket. More importantly, our model predicted that different outburst-triggering processes (e.g., fracture development and excavation) can leave distinct footprints in the tremor properties. If this model holds true for actual coal seams, it could be possible to predict outbursts. Our tremor model also opens new perspectives for dynamics monitoring within coal seams.

SPH Modelling of a Dike Failure with Detection of the Landslide Sliding Surface and Damage Scenarios for an Electricity Pylon

The 3D SPH code SPHERA (RSE SpA) simulates the triggering and runout stages of a full-scale earth-filled dike failure with coastal flood. The code formulation is consistent with the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow KTGF and requires no tuned input. The main Landslide Sliding Surface LSS within the dike is detected from the field of the quadratic invariant of the strain-rate tensor. The comparison with the experimental LSS position shows Maximum Gross Errors of 0.90m, in terms of depth difference at fixed planimetric point, and of 0.41m, in terms of LSS distance (i.e. 22% and 10% of the initial dike-top height over the excavation bottom). Inter-comparisons consider calibrated FEM results for the triggering stage. The LSS detection criterion is defined and verified via analytical solutions and code validations on spherical Couette flows. The impact on a virtual electricity pylon is assessed. The code improvements and tutorials are available at github.com.

Novel dual-direction electrostatic discharge device with lateral PNP transistor

With the shrinking of semiconductor technology and the increasing of integrated circuits, electrostatic discharge (ESD) as a common natural phenomenon has become one of the main reasons for the failure and reliability reduction of electronic products in integrated circuits. A novel dual-direction ESD device (PNP_DDSCR) with embedded lateral PNP transistor is proposed for diminishing ESD damage. The response process and current transportation of PNP_DDSCR under different ESD stress modes are investigated. Comparative analyses between conventional DDSCR and PNP_DDSCR are executed by TCAD simulation. On the stage of device triggering, the embedded lateral PNP transistor inner DDSCR system provides triggering current for device. The injection efficiency of parasitic transistor in the DDSCR system is improved, and the positive feedback system is promoted. Thus, the holding voltage of PNP_DDSCR is higher than that of conventional DDSCR. At the same time, an extra triggering path introduced by embedded lateral PNP transistor of PNP_DDSCR makes the total triggering path of device shorten. Therefore, the transient overshoot voltage of PNP_DDSCR is lower than that of DDSCR. For thermal performance, most of the heat first accumulates near the lateral PNP transistor , and then the peak point of heat turns to main SCR path with the conduction of PNP_DDSCR. The heat accumulation in PNP_DDSCR is shared by the path of embedded lateral PNP transistor. As a result, the average temperature in PNP_DDSCR is lower than that in DDSCR and the ability of PNP_DDSCR to dissipate heat is more perfect. Comparing with DDSCR, the conclusions are obtained. Under the condition of transmission line pulse (TLP) test simulation analyses, the triggering voltage is reduced by 31%, the holding voltage is increased by 16.8%, the ESD design window is optimized by 44.5%, and on-resistance is lower. When TLP stress is 2.67 A, the average temperature of PNP_DDSCR is much lower than that of traditional DDSCR in the whole conduction process. With the increase of pulse lasting time, average temperature difference between two devices becomes great further. According to the very fast TLP (VF-TLP) testing results, clamping capability of PNP_DDSCR under transient overshoot voltage is more stable under the condition of fast turn-on speed. When the VF-TLP stress is 0.1 A, the overshoot voltage of PNP_DDSCR device is the 37% of that of DDSCR device while the PNP_DDSCR maintains a relatively fast triggering speed. Thus, the ESD protection capability of PNP_DDSCR is superior.