Triethanolamine Salts Research Articles

Models of technogenic pollution by dust and gas components at protection facilities

The negative impact of the open method development of mining and processing enterprises of the Kursk magnetic anomaly on the environment is considered. The volume of unorganized emissions of dust and harmful gases into the atmosphere during blasting operations at the Lebedinsky GOK quarry is calculated. When processing the results of the experiment, the article used the “STATISTIKA” software package. Calculations of concentrations of harmful substances at the time of blasting showed that the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and dust in the atmosphere of the quarry exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Industrial general technical preventive measures aimed at reducing the emission of dust particles during serial explosions of iron-containing rocks at the facility are recommended. An engineering and technical solution has been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of a mining and processing plant. The method of controlling the wetting and sticking of dust particles is applied. Aqueous solutions with an anion active substance based on triethanolamine salts are recommended. The concentration of the surfactant is selected according to the value of the surface tension of the solution.

Базовое численное моделирование для реализации мероприятий по улучшению экологической обстановки на объектах

The problems of the ecological situation in the Central Chernozem region at technosphere objects of strategic importance are consired. As a specific object, AO "Lebedinsky GOK" which is a favorite for the extraction of iron ore on Russian and world trading platforms. Effective industrial general technical preventive measures are recommended, focused on reducing the emission of dust particles during serial blasting of iron-containing rocks at a specific facility. The most effective preventive measures to minimize the concentration of dust and gases are considered. The application of the method of controlling the wetting and sticking of dust particles is shown. It is based on the use of solutions of surfactants (surfactants). An anionactive surfactant based on triethanolamine salts is recommended. The concentration of the surfactant is selected according to the value of the surface tension of the solution.

Protonated triethanolamine as multi-hydrogen bond donors catalyst for efficient cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides under mild and cocatalyst-free conditions

The protonated triethanolamine salts with multiple hydrogen bond donor groups were one-step prepared and demonstrated to be simple, environmentally benign and highly efficient catalyst for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions without additional cocatalyst and organic solvent participation. Hydrogen-bonding activation towards epoxide is a special class of mimetic alternative to Lewis acid activation for favor of opening the epoxy ring, which was recognized as the rate-determining step for the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. Here the effects of reaction parameters on catalytic activity for propylene carbonate (PC) synthesis from propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 were investigated thoroughly. With 0.65mmol (1.88 mol%) catalyst loading, 91% PC yield with 99% selectivity were obtained at 110°C and 2.0MPa for 6.0h. The [HTEA]I catalyst could be easily separated and regenerated from the reaction products for subsequent reuse, also displayed versatility to CO2 cycloaddition with other epoxides. Additionally, the possible synergistic catalytic mechanism deriving from cation and anion of protonated triethanolamine catalyst was proposed.

Extraction and Bleaching of Olive Tree Branch Cellulose

The objective of this work was to extract and bleach cellulose from a low-value agricultural waste, namely, olive tree branches. The extraction procedure began by subjecting finely powdered olive tree branches to alkaline treatment, using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution to remove/dissolve the non-cellulosic cementing constituents, such as pectin, hemicelluloses, and natural waxes from the structure of this lignocellulosic network. The second step of the extraction procedure was the oxidation/bleaching treatment, and for this purpose, a powerful oxidizing agent composed of sodium chlorite/triethanolamine salt was used. All factors and conditions affecting the bleaching reaction, including triethanolamine salt concentration, bleaching temperature, and utilization of different triethanolamine salts, were extensively studied. The efficiency of the bleaching/oxidation treatment was evaluated by recording the FTIR spectra of the samples before and after extraction and analyzing the bleached samples to estimate the carboxyl content, loss in weight, and whiteness index.

Amine salts-activated systems for one-step bleaching of cotton fabrics

In this paper triethanolamine salt-catalyzed sodium chlorite bleaching system was used to bleach plain weave cotton fabric in one step. Different triethanolamine salts, including those derived from organic acids and mineral acids were tried for activating sodium chlorite decomposition during the bleaching reaction. All bleaching trials were carried out keeping fixed sodium chlorite concentration. The concentration of triethanolamine hydrochloride, as an example for the triethanolamine salts was varied to show the effect of the activator concentration on the final fabric degree of whiteness. The optimum triethanolamine hydrochloride concentration, required for activating sodium chlorite decomposition was found to be 10mmol/l and based on that, this concentration was applied for other organic and inorganic triethanolamine salts to show the effect of nature of the activator on the final degree of whiteness. The results showed that salts prepared using mineral acids have activation potential better than those prepared using organic acids.

PREPARATION & FORMULATION, OF TWO ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AS A PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND THEIR EVALUATION ON TOMATO.

Two active ingredients of plant growth hormones like auxins have been prepared. Para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (PCPA) and -Naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA); via the reaction of chloroacetic acid with p-chlorophenol and beta-naphthol respectively in alkaline solution. The crude compounds were purified and characterized by their physical constants, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatographic technique (GC).These compounds were formulated as a soluble liquid mixture (SL) in a concentration of 0.13% PCPA + 0.13% BNOA, which is ready for using and easily absorbing via the vegetative parts . According to that the prepared acids were converted to a water soluble triethanolamine salts since the original materials were solids and synthetically insoluble in water. Surfactants were added to the formula to increase the activity and the wetting area. The formula was subjected to a storage test to evaluate its stability, and evaluate on a tomato grown in a greenhouse to determine the efficacy of the active ingredient by spraying the flowering system with different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40) ppm. The results which have been recorded after two weeks revealed that compound had high efficacy at concentration of 30 ppm. They enhanced the fruit setting, reduced flowers drop and improved the size and quality of fruits with a remarkable increase of the yield.

Monomeric and dimeric anionic surfactants: A comparative study of self-aggregation and mineralization

A study on the phase behavior and structure of the alkanolamine salts of the dimeric amphiphile 3,4-bis-dodecyloxycarbonyl-hexanedioic acid (GS-H) is presented for the first time. Data are compared to those of the corresponding monomeric surfactant (lauric acid, LA). The alkanolamine salts of GS-H show very low Krafft points (<0 °C) and form hexagonal liquid crystals at concentrations lower than its monomeric counterpart, indicating that aggregation is favored for dimeric surfactants. The minimum concentration for liquid crystal formation increases for bulky alkanolamines with a structure-disrupting effect, such as triethanolamine (TEA). However, the specific surface areas per molecule in the liquid crystals derived from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) are similar for monoethanolamine (MEA) and TEA salts; the same can be said when comparing monomeric (LA) and dimeric (GS-H) salts. GS-H can also form hexagonal and lamellar liquid crystals with organic aminosilanes acting as reactive counterions, as revealed by solvent penetration experiments with polarized optical microscopy (POM). Consequently, mineralization with silica and alumina was carried out by a sol–gel method using GS-H as a possible structure-directing agent. Both silica and alumina samples possessed a lamellar structure, which disappears on calcination; however, calcined alumina has indeed a high surface area coming mainly from micropores. It was found that the surfactant/aminosilane ratio is critical for obtaining structured silica before calcination.

Enhanced bioavailability of piroxicam via salt formation with ethanolamines

Piroxicam can be ionized as a zwitterion that has two pKa values (pKa 1 = 1.86 and pKa 2 = 5.46). Consequently, piroxicam has a low solubility in both polar and nonpolar media, and a low lipophilicity, which results in a low permeability. Three piroxicam-ethanolamine salts were prepared, which had a higher area under the curve (AUC) than piroxicam. There were minimal differences in the AUC among the salt forms. It was reported that the piroxicam triethanolamine salt had a lower permeability across the skin than piroxicam but it had a higher oral bioavailability. Piroxicam monoethanolamine showed the highest C max followed by piroxicam diethanolamine and piroxicam triethanolamine. The dissolution rates of piroxicam and its salts were similar at pH 1.2. Piroxicam monoethanolamine showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8, which was followed by the piroxicam diethanolamine and piroxicam triethanolamine salts. The order of dissolution rate at pH 6.8 matched the order of C max or the AUC after oral administration.

Self-Assembly in SomeN-Lauroyl-l-glutamate/Water Systems

Acylglutamate is a divalent anionic surfactant whose properties are affected by its degree of neutralization. In this study, we present phase maps for aqueous systems of the potassium (LGP) and triethanolamine salts (LGT) of N-lauroyl l-glutamic acid, at different degrees of neutralization. A cubic phase forming between the isotropic micellar and the hexagonal phase was detected in both LGP/water and LGT/water systems. The stability of this cubic phase was promoted by increasing the degree of neutralization. The lattice parameters of the phase were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS spectra from samples of this cubic phase could be indexed to the crystallographic space group Pm3n. 1H NMR self-diffusion measurements have also been performed in the isotropic micellar and cubic regions. The self-diffusion coefficient of the surfactant decreases with increasing its concentration. In the cubic phase, the self-diffusion is of the order of 10-13 m2 s-1, demonstrating that the cubic phase consists of discrete micelles.

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the reaction products of hydroxyl fatty acids with some acid anhydrides

AbstractSeveral adducts were prepared from the thermal reaction of hydroxyl fatty acids (ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12‐hydroxystearic acid oligomers, oleyl alcohol, dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, and dimer acid) with maleic anhydride and screened as water‐soluble cutting fluids. For example, aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with the products of ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12‐hydroxystearic acid dimer, and 12‐hydroxysteric acid hexamer showed good antirust properties for waterbased cutting fluids. Various half esters of hydroxyl fatty compounds with acid anhydrides were prepared. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of half esters of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride and phthalic anhydride with hydroxyl fatty acids gave good antirust and antiwear properties for waterbased cutting fluids.

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from half esters of dimer acids

AbstractA number of half esters were prepared from the reaction of alcohols with dimer acids and screened for anti‐rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water‐based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with lower‐alcohol half esters of dimer acid showed good anti‐rust properties for water‐based cutting fluids.

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the derivatives of ricinoleic acid polymers

AbstractA number of esters were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with ricinoleic acid polymers and screened for anti‐rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water‐based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with decanoic acid, undecanoic acid and oleic acid esters of ricinoleic acid dimer, trimer, tetramer and hexamer showed good anti‐rust properties for water‐based cutting fluids. Dehydrates of ricinoleic acid polymers also showed good anti‐rust properties for water‐based cutting fluids.

New water-soluble cutting fluid additives derived from aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids

A variety of alkoxyaromatic carboxylic acids and acyloxyaromatic carboxylic acids were prepared from various hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acids, and screened for anti-rust properties, lubrication properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-soluble cutting fluids. The triethanolamine salt of alkoxydiphenyl carboxylic acids showed good anti-rust activity and lubrication properties. The triethanolamine salts ofp-alkoxyphenyl propionic acid showed good antimicrobial activity together with good anti-rust properties and lubrication properties.

THE LIPID STRIPPING POTENTIAL OF RESIN SOAP GELS USED FOR CLEANING OIL PAINTINGS

(1991). THE LIPID STRIPPING POTENTIAL OF RESIN SOAP GELS USED FOR CLEANING OIL PAINTINGS. AICCM Bulletin: Vol. 17, No. 1-2, pp. 51-60.

Adducts of cyclic acid anhydrides and fatty amines as anti‐rust additives in water‐based cutting fluids

A variety ofN‐alkyl carboxylic acid amides was prepared from the reaction of cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and various amines, and screened for anti‐rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water‐based cutting fluids. The triethanol amine salts of the adducts of maleic anhydride with octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine and oleylamine, and the one of phthalic anhydride with octylamine showed both good anti‐rust and antimicrobial activity.

New-type water-soluble cutting fluid additives from polymeric surface active agents

A variety of half esters were prepared by the reaction of phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride with adducts of ethylene oxide to alkylphenol formaldehyde resin. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of these half esters have the good characteristics of water-based cutting fluids such as anti-rust, antiwear and anti-bacterial deterioration effects.

Characteristic properties as cutting fluid additives of the products from the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with maleic anhydride

Adducts of some unsaturated fatty acids with maleic anhydride were prepared by thermal reaction. Corrosion and lubrication tests for these products as water-based cutting fluid additives were carried out. It was found that triethanol amine salts of the adducts from linoleic acid, ricinoleic acid and oleic acid with maleic anhydride showed effective rust-inhibiting and anti-wear properties for water-based cutting fluids.

Half esters of dibasic acids as additives in water‐based cutting fluids

AbstractSeveral half esters from long chain dibasic acids were prepared, and corrosion and lubricity tests for these products as water‐based cutting fluid additives were made. Triethanolamine salts of half esters of sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid showed effective rust‐inhibiting and anti‐wear properties for water‐based cutting fluids.

New additives derived from fatty acids for water‐based cutting fluids

AbstractA variety of derivatives from long chain fatty acids were prepared, and corrosion and lubricity tests for these products as water‐based cutting fluid additives were carried out. We have found that triethanolamine salts of 11‐(carboxymethylthio)‐undecanoic acid (II), 10,11‐dichloromethylene undecanoic acid (IV) and 12‐isovaleroyloxy stearic acid (VI) showed effective rust‐inhibiting and anti‐wear properties for water‐based cutting fluids.

New additives for water-based cutting fluids

Fatty acids containing a carboxymethylthio group were prepared from the reaction of fatty acids and mercaptoacetic acids. Corrosion and lubrication tests for these products as water-based cutting fluid additives were carried out. We have found that triethanol amine salts of 11-(carboxylmethylthio)undecanoic acids and other similar products showed effective rust-inhibiting and anti-wear properties for water-based cutting fluids.