Passer Montanus Research Articles

Comparative urbanization of birds in China and Europe based on birds associated with trees.

Urbanization effects on living organisms are spatially heterogeneous. Here we quantified the abundance of birds per tree in forested urban and rural habitats for 85,829 trees mainly in China and Europe. A population model was based on the assumption that: 1) birds have a normally distributed habitat preference; 2) an increase in population size linked to the habitat preference; 3) a population size dependent on the habitat preference; and 4) the removal of a certain fraction of individuals giving rise to extinction. We tested for large-scale differences in the impact of urbanization on the frequency distribution of the difference in abundance between urban and rural habitats in China and parts of Europe. The difference in the frequency distribution of urban population density of birds in trees minus rural population density of birds in trees in China and Europe was statistically significant, suggesting that the abundance of birds differed between trees in urban and rural habitats, but more so in China than in Europe. We hypothesize that more pronounced differences in China than in Europe may have arisen due to the Four Pests Campaign in 1958–1962 that resulted in death of hundreds of millions of birds (mainly tree sparrows Passer montanus, but also numerous other less common species that were starting to become urbanized around 1960). Species that were less common in 1960 could not sustain reductions in population size in urban areas and hence these species are still rare or absent in urban areas today 60 years later.

Molecular Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Birds in Hunan Province, China.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite of warm-blooded animals and humans. However, limited information is available about T. gondii infection in wild birds. In this study, 239 wild birds were collected from Hunan province of China, including 38 chestnut bunting, 44 olive-backed pipit, 26 yellow-breasted bunting, and 131 tree sparrows. Genomic DNA of brain tissues were extracted and assayed by B1 gene, and the positive samples were genotyped at 10 genetic markers [SAG1, SAG2 (5'+3' SAG2, alter. SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico] using multilocus nested-PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. The results showed that 13 (5.51%) of the 239 wild birds were positive for T. gondii. Among them, three samples have completely genotyped at all loci, and were identified as ToxoDB #10. Our results have indicated that wild birds can carry and potentially disseminate the T. gondii. This is the first report of the molecular prevalence and genetic characterization of T. gondii in wild birds in Hunan province, China. Further research should be investigated to understand weather T. gondii can be transmitted from wild birds to other animals or humans.

Energy crops affecting farmland birds in Central Europe: insights from a miscanthus-dominated landscape

The expansion of energy crops such as miscanthus Miscanthus x giganteus has changed the habitat of European farmland birds. However, most studies on the subject are based in Western Europe. We surveyed the avian community in a sample bioenergy landscape in Poland to investigate the pattern of use of the crop by birds in Central Europe. During a year-long survey, 80 species were noted, with 32 sighted in miscanthus. The number of bird sightings was negatively correlated with the area covered by miscanthus in study plots. In contrast to results from Western Europe, most woodland-generalist bird species tended to avoid miscanthus. Farmland species (e.g. the corn bunting Miliaria calandra; the tree sparrow Passer montanus; the starling Sturnus vulgaris; the yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella) were less frequently sighted in the crop than in other habitats. Only a few species were sighted more often in miscanthus than in other habitats, e.g. the marsh warbler Acrocephalus palustris; the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus; the whinchat Saxicola rubetra. The potential impact of expanded miscanthus cropping on bird communities in Central and Eastern Europe may diverge from predictions derived from studies based in Western Europe due to differing habitat preferences and bird densities between the regions. For a majority of farmland species, the crop may constitute only a suboptimal, supplementary habitat, with only a few birds potentially adapting to the exploitation of bioenergy plantations.

Eurasian Tree Sparrow nests observed in old buildings in Hakodate, Hokkaido

Eurasian Tree Sparrow nests observed in old buildings in Hakodate, Hokkaido

Host migration strategy and blood parasite infections of three sparrow species sympatrically breeding in Southeast Europe.

Mobile hosts like birds occupy a wide array of habitats in which they encounter various vector and parasite faunas. If the infection probability for vector-borne parasites varies among seasons and biomes, a migratory life can critically influence the infections of a host. The growing body of literature on avian blood parasites suggests that host migrations do not only influence prevalence of infection but can also evoke higher infection intensities and increased parasite diversity in migrant compared to resident host species. We investigated the prevalence, intensity and diversity of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections in three closely-related and sympatrically breeding sparrow species with different migration strategies ranging from residential house sparrow and partially migratory tree sparrow to the obligate migratory Spanish sparrow. With a prevalence of 49%, the migratory Spanish sparrows were significantly less frequently infected than the resident house sparrows (82%). The partially migratory tree sparrow showed an intermediate prevalence of 60%. The parasitaemias were similar in all three host species and indicated mostly chronic but also few acute infections. While we found Plasmodium parasites in all three sparrow species, only Spanish sparrows were infected with Haemoproteus parasites in our study. With nine clearly identified parasite lineages in our study and the highest number of lineages per infected individuals (i.e. relative diversity), Spanish sparrows harboured the most diverse parasite fauna. Our results suggest that migration strategies can affect Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections of sparrows resulting in a lower parasite prevalence and higher parasite diversity in migratory hosts-at least during our host's breeding period. A general scope for all annual cycle periods and across various bird taxa remains to be elucidated.

Inventory of Lowland-Breeding Birds on the Alaska Peninsula

AbstractWe conducted the first systematic inventory of birds in the lowlands (areas ≤100 m above sea level) of the Alaska Peninsula during summers of 2004–2007 to determine their breeding distributions and habitat associations in this remote region. Using a stratified random survey design, we allocated sample plots by elevation and land cover with a preference for wetland cover types used by shorebirds, a group of particular interest to land managers. We surveyed birds during 10-min counts at 792 points across 52, 5 km × 5 km sample plots distributed from south of the Naknek River (58.70°N,157.00°W) to north of Port Moller (56.00°N,160.52°W). We detected 95 bird species including 19 species of shorebirds and 34 species (36% of total) considered at the time to be of conservation concern for the land managers in the region. The most numerous shorebirds on point counts were dunlin Calidris alpina, short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus, and Wilson's snipe Gallinago delicata. We found the breeding-season endemic marbled godwit Limosa fedoa beringiae at 20 plots within a 3,000-km2 area from north of Ugashik Bay to just north of Port Heiden and east to the headwaters of the Dog Salmon and Ugashik rivers. The most abundant passerines on point counts were American tree sparrow Spizelloides arborea, Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus, and savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis. Sandhill crane Antigone canadensis, glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens, and greater scaup Aythya marila were also relatively abundant. We categorized habitat associations for 30 common species and found that lowland herbaceous vegetation supported wetland-focused species including sandhill crane, marbled godwit, short-billed dowitcher, and dunlin; whereas, dwarf shrub-ericaceous vegetation supported tundra-associated species such as willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus, rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis, and American pipit Anthus rubescens. Tall shrub vegetation was important to several species of warblers and sparrows, as well as one species of shorebird (greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca). We found that point counts augmented with incidental observations provided an almost complete inventory of lowland-breeding species on the study area. These data form a baseline to monitor any future changes in bird distribution and abundance on the Alaska Peninsula.

Bird community in urban residential area: Which species sustained after five elapse years?

Birds are able to sustain almost everywhere, including in urban residential areas where habitat components were limited. Some birds may survive, while others might not. The objective of the research was to identify bird species which still sustained in an urban area, after 5 years elapsed time. The study site was Sentul City (West Java), a large residential area that arranged into clusters of different housing and tree planting arrangement. Birds were sampled in 2012 and 2017 within 5 housing clusters and boulevard, using a point count method. There were 42 bird species found in 2012 and 35 species in 2017, and thus there were a decrease of 7 species (16%). Eurasian Eurasian Tree sparrow, Sooty-headed Bulbul, and Scarlet-headed Flower pecker were the most abundant birds. Two new species were recorder in 2017. About 60% of bird species were sustained as exploiters and adapters in the study sites, including tree sparrows, bulbuls (sooty-headed), flowerpeckers and sunbirds, and munias. The semi-natural cluster within the residential area harbour avoiders that preferred shrubby old-growth habitat such as babblers, cuckoos, and nightjars.

Manure heaps attract farmland birds during winter

ABSTRACTCapsule: Abundance and species diversity of both common farmland birds and species of conservation concern were significantly higher at manure heaps compared to open farmland, especially for the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus and Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, two declining granivorous farmland birds.

Photoperiodic control of GnRH-I expression in seasonal reproduction of the Eurasian tree sparrow

Day length has been shown to be a major source of temporal information regulating seasonal reproduction in the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). The present study aims to investigate the photoperiodic expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I), and how it mediates seasonal reproduction in male tree sparrows. In different experiments, we studied photoperiod-induced changes in GnRH-I expressing neurons in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA), together with changes in testicular size under both natural and artificial photoperiodic conditions. Experiment 1, which involved studying changes in GnRH-I expression and testicular volume during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle under natural day length (NDL), revealed that sparrows possess a definite seasonal cycle of GnRH-I peptide expression that runs parallel to testicular size. Birds showed significantly higher levels of GnRH-I expression in the breeding phase when compared to the non-breeding phase. In experiment 2, photosensitive birds were exposed to artificial short (SD: 9L/15D) and long (LD: 14L/10D) day lengths for 240 days to investigate the photoperiodic regulation of GnRH-I expression. They exhibited a significant increase followed by a decrease in GnRH-I expression and testicular size under LD but not SD, suggesting photoperiodic regulation. In experiment 3, when photosensitive birds were exposed to increasing photoperiods (9L/15D, 10L/14D, 10.5L/13.5D, 11L/13D, 12L/12D) for 30 days to find out the critical photoperiod for GnRH-I expression, they responded only when the daily photoperiod was 11 h or more. These results clearly indicate that tree sparrows are capable of fine discrimination of photoperiodic information and use day length for GnRH-I expression to control their seasonal reproduction.

Temperature modulates photoperiodic seasonal responses in the subtropical tree sparrow, Passer montanus.

We studied the effects of temperature on the photoperiodic regulation of seasonal reproduction and related events in the subtropical tree sparrow at Shillong, India. In the first experiment, one group of birds was maintained in an outdoor open aviary receiving natural photoperiod and temperature conditions, while the other group was exposed to natural photoperiod and constant temperature of 17 ± 2°C in an outdoor closed aviary for 12months. Although both sexes achieved peak gonadal growth at the same time (May) under the two conditions, gonadal regression and feathers molt were delayed under the temperature controlled condition. In the second experiment, the groups of birds were exposed to three different temperatures (17, 25 and 30°C) under both long (LD-14L:10D) and short (SD-9L:15D) day lengths for 7months. Birds showed relatively small but significant gonadal growth, darkening of bill color and feathers molt only at 30°C under SD. However, they behaved as though they were under natural conditions and exhibited the above responses significantly at all temperatures under LD. There was delayed gonadal regression at the lower temperature (17°C), while feathers molt delayed with increasing temperature (25, 30°C) under LD. These results clearly indicate that temperature modulates photoperiodic seasonal responses in the tree sparrow.

Comparative transcriptomics in three Passerida species provides insights into the evolution of avian mitochondrial complex I

Recent studies have shown that mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular energy production through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase), the first and largest enzyme complex of the OXPHOS system, includes both nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. However, the patterns of natural selection and phylogenetic implications of complex I in birds still remain unclear. In this study, we combined transcriptomic and phylogenetic analyses to comprehensively determine the evolution of avian complex I. The transcriptomes of three Passerida species (Leiothrix lutea, Spodiopsar sericeus, and Passer montanus) were obtained using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 system. More than 192,000,000 clean reads were assembled in a total of 828,267 transcripts. Evolutionary selection analysis suggested that six genes of the core subunits in avian complex I may have undergone putative positive selection. Notably, we found that the mean dN/dS (ω) ratio for mitochondrial genes of core subunits was significantly lower than that for nuclear genes of non-core subunits within complex I. The constructed maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees were based on 44 complex I genes. We verified that the family Paridae (represented by Parus major and Pseudopodoces humilis) was clustered with Musicicapoidea. Our results provide new insights into the evolution of avian mitochondrial complex I.

Ornithological complexes’ structure of technogenically disturbed territories of the left-bank part of the South Minusinsk Basin

This paper deals with the species and ecological structure of ornithological complexes on the territories of quarry excavations. The research was carried out in the left-bank part of the South Minusinsk basin. 6 quarries were researched all the year round, 4 quarries were researched incidentally. The quarries were of various purposes (extraction of sand, clay, rubble, storage of domestic garbage), age (from 1 to 15 years) and size (from 1 to 20 hectares). 39 species of birds have been identified, which is more than 15% of the avifauna of the basin. The largest numbers of species (from 4 to 6 each) are the Fringillidae, Corvidae, Sylviidae, Muscicapidae families. The nature of the species stay on the territory has been established. Nesting species have been recorded to be 19, visitors 20. Only in summer there are 25 species, only in winter there are 7 species, 7 species more are marked on sites both in summer and winter. Dendrophilic and petrophilic species are mainly nested. The nesting of Passer montanus (L.) and Oenanthe oenanthe (L.) was marked on all sites, the nesting of Riparia riparia (L.) was marked on the majority sites. Most species are synanthropic. The species richness of birds is shown to be determined, first of all, by the habitat structure: the presence of vertical soil breaks, stone structures, trees, shrubs, grass cover, reservoirs. The presence of food waste and the nature of the surrounding biotopes are also of particular importance.

Russet Sparrows spot alien chicks from their nests

BackgroundIn coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and their hosts, host parents are under strong selection to evolve defenses against parasitism. Egg rejection is an efficient and common defense against parasitism, although some apparently suitable hosts do not reject cuckoo eggs.MethodsSparrows Ploceidae are widespread throughout the Old World, and they have a suitable diet for rearing cuckoos, but still they are rarely exploited by brood parasites. To solve such puzzle, we conducted artificial parasitism and cross-fostering experiments in Russet Sparrow (Passer cinnamomeus).ResultsThe present study showed that Russet Sparrows have no egg recognition ability, but recognize their own nestlings and eject alien chicks or starve them to death. They may use visual cues in chick recognition, although they accept sister species Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus).ConclusionsBy rejecting nestlings of foreign species, Russet Sparrows have succeeded to escape from the brood parasitism by cuckoos and other parasites. Our studies shed light on the puzzle why some species are not utilized by cuckoo parasites as hosts.

Spider assemblages in bird burrows

The arachnofauna of bird burrows, which are excavated in the soil, is incompletely understood. The bird burrows have a potential to serve as refugia for cavity-adopting spider species particularly in anthropogenic habitats formed by sand mining, which otherwise suffer from a limited availability of other types of cavities. We hypothesized that the presence of abundant food resources and safe shelter in bird burrows excavated in the soil allow the existence of specialized assemblage of spiders, similarly to those known from cavities and nests made by other birds and mammals. Here we examined 353 burrows that had been previously occupied by Riparia riparia, Merops apiaster or Passer montanus. The burrows were examined in early May and early September in 24 Czech sand pits and construction sites. The burrows hosted a species-rich assemblage of spiders that, however, occurred at low abundances. The spiders were represented prevalently by species known to have distributions centered in anthropogenic and urban habitats, including species that were never observed outside of heated buildings in the study area and species that only were previously known from mammalian burrows and loess and karstic soil crevices. Spider assemblages strongly differed between bird burrows and cavities and nests made by other birds and mammals. The species composition and overall low abundance of spiders in bird burrows was unexpected and was in strong contrast to previous observations of spider assemblages in cavities and nests made by other birds and mammals. Concluded, we rejected the initial hypothesis and, instead, we have shown that bird burrows are rarely occupied by spiders and if occupied, the spider species that adopt old bird burrows and the nests inside of them predominantly consist of species known to have their distribution centered to anthropogenic and urban habitats.

Isolated populations of Ixodes lividus ticks in the Czech Republic and Belgium host genetically homogeneous Rickettsia vini

In the last two decades, the advent of molecular methods has revealed a remarkable diversity of rickettsiae (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in invertebrates. Several species of these obligate intracellular bacteria are known to cause human infections, hence more attention has been directed towards human-biting ectoparasites. A spotted fever group Rickettsia sp. was previously detected in Ixodes lividus ticks (Ixodidae) associated with sand martins (Hirundinidae: Riparia riparia). In order to identify whether this rickettsia varies among isolated tick populations, a total of 1758 I. lividus ticks and five Ixodes ricinus ticks (Ixodidae) were collected in the Czech Republic and 148 I. lividus ticks were collected in Belgium, from nests of sand martins, European bee-eaters (Meropidae: Merops apiaster), Eurasian tree sparrows (Passeridae: Passer montanus), and from captured sand martins. We screened 165 and 78 I. lividus ticks (from the Czech Republic and Belgium, respectively) and all five I. ricinus ticks for the presence of rickettsial DNA. Only I. lividus samples were positive for Rickettsia vini, a spotted fever group rickettsia that commonly infects the tree-hole tick Ixodes arboricola (Ixodidae). Maximum likelihood analysis of the rickettsial sequences showed that the most closely related organism to R. vini corresponds to an uncharacterized rickettsia detected in Argas lagenoplastis (Argasidae), a nidicolous soft tick of the fairy martin (Hirundinidae: Petrochelidon ariel) in Australia. The observed variability of R. vini sequences from isolated tick populations was low; all 85 sequenced samples were identical to each other in five out of six partial rickettsial genes, except for the sca4 sequence (99.9% identity, 808/809 nt) that differed in I. lividus ticks from two sampling sites in the Czech Republic.

Evaluating the benefits of agri-environment schemes on farmland bird communities through a common species monitoring programme. A case study in northern Italy

Biodiversity in agricultural environments is considered to be undergoing steep declines in most European countries. Among taxa which experienced consistent decreases, birds are of central importance, both for their value as ecological indicators and for the high number of species of conservation concern associated with agricultural ecosystems.In this paper, using data from the Italian Common Breeding Bird monitoring programme collected in the period 2009–2014, we analysed the effect on breeding birds of four Agri-Environment Schemes (AES) in Emilia-Romagna region, one of the most important agricultural areas of Italy. Specifically we compared the values of three community parameters (total, farmland and generalist species richness) and the abundance of seven species (Alauda arvensis, Hirundo rustica, Motacilla flava, Serinus serinus, Chloris chloris, Carduelis carduelis and Passer montanus) in areas covered by AES and not.The results of the analyses show that, at the scale we investigated, the positive effects of these measures are very limited and often not positive, particularly for farmland specialist species. These findings seem to suggest that the application of these measures, albeit widespread over the Region, is not able to counteract the negative effects of the simplification and impoverishment of the agricultural landscape. Our results show the AES management related more with single species metrics than community measures. Therefore to improve the effectiveness of AES, and to try to contrasts the dramatic decline of farmland bird species, we think these schemes should be designed on the specific needs of species and habitats of high conservation priority.

树麻雀表型的环境适应进化

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 树麻雀表型的环境适应进化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201612152585 作者: 作者单位: 乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山师范学院,乐山师范学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31372171）；全国大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛重点项目（ZRSK02） The adaptive evolution of the Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) phenotype to environment factors Author: Affiliation: College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,College of Life sciences, Leshan Normal University,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:树麻雀（Passer montanus）分布范围广、海拔梯度大，也是人类活动的伴随物种。对中国837个样本的10个形态特征与温度、日照、海拔和风速等4个主要环境因子进行相关分析，结果显示：树麻雀的体重、嘴裂、翅长、尾长、跗跖长、脑骨宽、眼间距与日照因子显著相关（P<0.05），体重、体长、翅长、尾长、跗跖长与海拔因子显著相关（P<0.05），体重、嘴峰、翅长、脑骨长与温度因子显著相关（P<0.05），表明树麻雀的形态指标易随环境因子的变化而变化。通过控制经度和海拔两个变量，对形态指标与纬度的偏相关分析表明，体重、翅长、脑骨长和脑骨宽与纬度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），体表突出部分嘴峰、嘴裂与纬度呈显著负相关（P<0.05），即随着纬度的升高，树麻雀身体逐渐变大，符合贝格曼规律；体表突出部分嘴峰和嘴裂随纬度升高变短，符合阿伦规律。飞行能力与海拔因子呈极显著正相关（n=92，r=0.217，P=0.038），表明树麻雀在高海拔地区具有更强的飞行能力，这也许是它成为广布种的重要原因。 Abstract:Observed across a large altitudinal gradient and a widely-distributed geographical range, the tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a species commonly associated with human beings. This study analyzed the relationship between 10 morphological characteristics of 837 tree sparrows sampled, and 4 environmental factors (air temperature factor, sunshine factor, altitude factor, and air-speed factor). The results indicated that morphological traits, such as body weight, rictus, wing length, tail length, tarsus length, skull width, and interorbital distance were significantly correlated with the sunshine factor (P<0.05). Moreover, body weight, body size, wing length, tail length, and tarsus length were significantly correlated with the altitude factor (P<0.05). Additionally, body weight, culmen length, wing length, and skull length were significantly correlated with the air temperature factor (P<0.05). The aforementioned findings suggest that these morphological characteristics have adaptive potential in response to environmental factors. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between morphological size and latitude by controlling for longitude and altitude. The results of this analysis indicated that body weight, wing length, and skull size had a significant positive correlation with the latitude factor (P<0.05). Conversely, culmen length and rictus had a significant negative correlation with latitude (P<0.05) after controlling for longitude and altitude. These findings suggest that body size increases with rising latitude, while bill size decreases with increased latitude. Therefore, we conclude that the morphological variation of this species is in concordance with Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule. A significant positive relationship was found between flight ability and the altitude factor (n=92, r=0.217, P=0.038), and thus our results postulate that the flight ability of P. montanus is greater at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes. This adaptive component of flight ability may offer an explanation as to why P. montanus is so widely-distributed throughout the planet. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

张掖国家湿地公园优势鸟类种群生态位研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 张掖国家湿地公园优势鸟类种群生态位研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201701140116 作者: 作者单位: 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41461013，91125014）；甘肃省生态学重点学科基金项目 Study of the dominant bird population ecological niche in Zhangye National Wetland Park of Gansu Province Author: Affiliation: Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province,College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province,College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province,College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province,College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province,College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:鸟类时空格局影响下鸟类种群生态位的变化是认识鸟类环境适应机制的理论基础。在张掖国家湿地公园保育区，采用样带法研究了冬春季节5种优势鸟类种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠的时间异质性。结果表明：随着月份的更替，5种优势鸟类种群的生态位宽度呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势，赤麻鸭（Tadornaferruginea）、绿头鸭（Anasplatyrhynchos）、麻雀（Passer montanus）、白骨顶鸡（Fulicaatra）的最高值出现在1月分别为1.601、1.415、1.627、1.771，大白鹭（Ardea alba）的最高值出现在3月为0.556；不同月份间鸟类优势种群生态位重叠存在差异，3月、11月生态位的重叠值最大，1月份最小；优势鸟类种群的生态位宽度和重叠在时间尺度上表现出"此消彼长"的关系。湿地公园时间尺度上的鸟类生态位宽度和重叠的差异与湿地食物资源及隐蔽条件、鸟类群体迁徙规律、鸟类种间的竞争密切相关，反应了湿地鸟类适应生境变化的可塑性机制。 Abstract:The niche change of bird population affected by the temporal and spatial pattern of birds, is the theoretical basis of understanding the mechanism of birds environmental adaptation. The aim of this study is to investigate the niche breadth and overlap of five dominant bird species in wetland within the inland basin of northwest China,especially the diverse temporal changes in niche breadth and overlap as well as their formation mechanisms.The study, which was conducted in Zhangye National Wetland Park, Gansu Province, China,took place over three periods from November 1, 2013 to May 30, 2015. In this study, two sample lines were fixedaccording to the surface features of the Wetland Park Conservation Area. The transect lines, each approximately 1.5 km long, ran through the whole conservation area. Surveys of bird richness and abundance were performed every 3 to7 days along the transect lines, which were 3 to 5 days during the bird migration season and 5 to 7 days in the winter. These quantity surveys were carried out every month along the transect lines. During the surveys, the species, numbers, and behavioral habits of birds were recorded on both sides of the sample line, the walking speed of investigator was 1.5 km per hour.Those were tried to understand that the temporal diversity of bird niche breadth and overlap, and the patterns of variation and formative reasons for the niche breadth and overlap. The results were shown that the niche breadth of fives dominant species increased firstly and then decreased with the month replaced in Zhangye National Wetland Park.The highest values appeared in January, which were 1.601, 1.415, 1.627, and 1.771 for Tadornaferruginea, Anasplatyrhynchos, Passer montanus, and Fulicaatra, respectively. The highest value for Ardea alba in appeared in March was 0.556, The niche overlap of the five dominant species differed by month, with the maximum values in March and November, and minimum values in January and February. The niche breadth and overlap of dominant bird populations were shownthe relationship on time scales that one waned with the other waxed. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Triumphant Tale of the House Sparrow by Jan Thornhill

Reviewed by: The Triumphant Tale of the House Sparrow by Jan Thornhill Elizabeth Bush Thornhill, Jan The Triumphant Tale of the House Sparrow; written and illus. by Jan Thornhill. Groundwood, 2018 44p ISBN 978-1-77306-006-4 $18.95 R Gr. 3-6 Thornhill follows The Tragic Tale of the Great Auk (BCCB 11/16) with another engrossing account of avian survival-this one replete with a "joke's on you" twist for humans, who signed the death warrant for the long-lived auk. In a textbook study on unintended consequences, our ancestors' switch from hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists some twelve thousand years ago unwittingly provided a stable food supply of tasty grain for migratory sparrows, who promptly settled in to enjoy the feast without the arduous trek. The house sparrow and Eurasian tree sparrow's capacity to adapt and thrive among humans earned them the reputation of pest, scourge, and blight, and people battled them in turf wars over everything from cultivated fields to poop-free park benches. In her engrossing narrative, illustrated with scenes that underscore the house sparrow's ability to insinuate itself into all things human, Thornhill revels in the irony of the sparrows' "triumph," even as she comments on complexities that add dimension to the story and point toward their uncertain future. Chairman Mao's campaign against the encroachers, for example, proved effective but emphatically ill advised, removing from the environment an [End Page 403] insect controller and unleashing subsequent crop decimation and famine. A recent drop in house sparrow population begs explanation, and although Thornhill proposes possible causes, she wisely allows this mystery to remain unsolved, with reason to trust in the species' adaptability as its key to survival. A map of house sparrow distribution, chart of its life cycle, a glossary, and additional resources are included. Copyright © 2018 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Trends in Avian Roadside Surveys over a 20-Year Period on Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

We used roadside surveys to examine abundance trends and spatial patterns for 11 terrestrial bird species from 1991 to 2010 on Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. Relative abundances of the White-throated Ground-Dove, Mariana Fruit-Dove, Collared Kingfisher, Micronesian Starling, and Micronesian Myzomela all increased during the study period. Abundances of the Golden White-eye and Rufous Fantail followed a curvilinear trend that increased during the first half of the survey period (1991–2000) and decreased in the second half (2001–2010). Abundances of the remaining species (Island Collared-Dove, Bridled White-eye, Nightingale Reed-Warbler, and Eurasian Tree Sparrow) showed no significant trends. The most numerous species (over 40 individuals detected per survey), in decreasing order of abundance, were the Bridled Whiteeye, Rufous Fantail, Golden White-eye, Micronesian Starling, and Micronesian Myzomela. The total abundance of birds increased on average by 0.27 birds per year, per survey station, island-wide. Three stations out of 47 (6.4%) recorded a significant loss of total birds over the time period, and bird numbers increased significantly at only one station (2.1%). Stations at which we detected declines were clustered in the northern, less-populated, region of Saipan. We explored the relationship between typhoon frequency/severity and bird abundance to explain trend patterns but found no significant correlation. We suggest ways to improve roadside surveys as a management tool to aid in detecting avian declines that are of conservation concern.