Treatment Of Various Skin Diseases Research Articles

Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Various Skin Diseases by Tribal of Dhar District and Adjacent Regions of Western Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, India

Present study deals with the medicinal plants used for skin diseases by tribals of Dhar district and adjacent regions of Western Madhya Pradesh. Dhar district is situated in the western part of Madhya Pradesh and dominant tribes of Dhar and adjacent regions are Bhil, Bhilala,,Barela and Pateliya .Present study accounts a total of 45 medicinal plants which are used for the treatment of skin diseases .These 45 plant species are distributed in 30 families and 44 genera .There are 18 trees,5 shrubs, 8 climbers and 14 herbaceous plant species which are used for treating various skin diseases.by tribal of study area. Some plants used for skin diseases in the study area is depleting in alarming rate and need special attention for their conservation.

Cyano-Phycocyanin: Mechanisms of Action on Human Skin and Future Perspectives in Medicine.

Cyano-phycocyanin is one of the active pigments of the blue-green algae and is usually isolated from the filamentous cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis Gomont (Spirulina). Due to its multiple physiological functions and non-toxicity, cyano-phycocyanin may be a potential substance for the topical treatment of various skin diseases. Considering that the conventional medicine faces drug resistance, insufficient efficacy and side effects, the plant origin compounds can act as an alternative option. Thus, the aim of this paper was to review the wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenic and anticancer properties and mechanisms of cyano-phycocyanin topical activities on human skin. Moreover, possible applications and biotechnological requirements for pharmaceutical forms of cyano-phycocyanin for the treatment of various skin diseases are discussed in this review.

Antimicrobial Activity and Wound-Healing Capacity of Birch, Beech and Larch Bark Extracts.

Bark is a major by-product of woodworking industries. The contents of several wood species are known to harbor antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing capacities. The aim of this work was to identify beneficial properties of Austrian larch, birch and beech bark extracts for their potential usage as additives or active ingredients in dermatological applications. Bacterial agar diffusion assay and resazurin-based broth microdilution assay were used to evaluate anti-bacterial activity. To gain more insight into the cellular response to bark extracts, viability-, scratch-assays and ELISAs were performed. Birch and beech extracts showed strong antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and MRSA. Wound closure was enhanced with birch and beech extracts as compared to controls in the scratch-assays. Whereas beneficial properties of birch bark components have previously been described, the similar effects of beech extracts are novel. The combined positive effect on wound-healing and antimicrobial activity has great potential for the treatment of various skin diseases, including acne in future dermal applications.

Ultra-intimate hydrogel hybrid skin patch with asymmetric elastomeric spatula-like cylinders

Intelligent bioinspired adhesive devices are attracting attention as a tool for the treatment of various skin diseases. Fully compliant skin contact is crucial for consistent effective therapy through a transdermal interface, for which structured materials for an intelligent adhesion should be developed. It is also important to design such skin patch with non-invasive, human-friendly treatment material and small structural interface for effective treatment of skin disorder. Herein, we fabricated the asymmetric elastomeric adhesive structures that mimics the spatula-like setae of diving beetles capable of directional adhesion and nanoporous hydrogel. Our hybrid skin patch devices demonstrated reversible and directional adhesion to the complex skin surface, while allowing the drug-containing hydrogel to be in ultra-intimate contact with the non-flat skin with hierarchical roughness. With the aid of diving beetle-inspired adhesive, this extraordinary conformal hydrogel interface provides an efficient strategy for the treatment of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

Management of Skin Disorders in Ayurveda : A Review

Skin is the largest organ of human body. Its size and external location makes it susceptible to various disorders. Skin diseases are mostly caused by infections like bacteria, fungi etc. All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been classified under the broad heading of Kushtawhich are further classified into Mahakushtaand Kshudrakushta. Ayurveda has its own unique principles of diagnosis and treatment of various skin diseases under the heading of Kuṣṭha. A review was conducted from the relevant texts of Ayurvedic and contemporary science to collect information about the skin diseases and their treatment through Ayurveda. The review concluded that Ayurveda management through Shodhanaand Shamana Chikitsa(with Ayurvedic herbs) is beneficial in skin diseases.

DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEL COMPOSITESOF Α-LIPOIC ACID WITH COLLOID SILICA

Hydrogels are widely used as the basis of soft drug formulations and cosmetic compositions (ointments, creams, gels, masks, dermal fillers, etc.). Deformation properties of these products are very important from the point of view of the convenience and safety of their application, as well as optimization of their production process. In this work, inorganic silica hydrogels are considered as a promising basis for the development of new soft drug formulations and products for cosmetology. The hydrogel composites of colloid silica with α-lipoic acid which is a well-known powerful anti-oxidant used for treatment of various skin diseases were synthesized. Besides, the drug has a reju-venating effect on the skin. Taking into account the indicated potential application of the hydrogels and the methods of their administration (transdermal, injection), the hydrogels had a pH of 6.6-7.4. Pure silica hydrogels and their composites with α-lipoic acid were synthesized by a two-step sol-gel method. Using the method of optical microscopy, it was shown that they have a highly po-rous surface. The deformation properties of the synthesized hydrogels under compression, tension, and shear were determined. It is shown that the synthesized hydrogels have a certain elasticity under axial compression, thixotropy and exhibit pseudoplasticity. The effects ofthe synthesis con-ditions (concentration of the catalyst for silica sol formation, the amount of the introduced drug) on the deformation properties of the composites have been established. The effects were explained in terms of the influence of these factors on the strength of the three-dimensional silica framework of the hydrogel materials. The discovered deformation properties of silica hydrogels make them promising for the development of new soft drug formulations for topical application.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Gelinggang (Cassia alata L)

Traditionally, gelinggang leaves are widely used for treatment of various skin diseases. The potential of gelinggang leaves as a medicinal plant is expected due to the presence of secondary metabolite compounds that have activities, one of which can inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of gelinggang leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The study began with extraction process of gelinggang leaves, phytochemical screening tests and testing of antibacterial activity from gelinggang leaf extracts carried out by the agar diffusion method using a well. Gelinggang leaf samples were macerated with 96% ethanol solvent and then tested for antibacterial activity in concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results of the phytochemical screening test indicated that the gelinggang leaf extract was positive for flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and terpenoids. On antibacterial activity test of the ethanolic extract of gelinggang leaves, it revealed that there was an inhibition activity for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria with the best activity at a concentration of 15%.

The Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Localized Scleroderma In Vitro and In Vivo.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has shown promising results in the treatment of various skin diseases. The therapeutic effect of CAP on localized scleroderma (LS), however, has not yet been evaluated. We investigated the effects of CAP on LS by comparing human normal fibroblasts (hNF), human TGF-β-activated fibroblasts (hAF), and human localized scleroderma-derived fibroblasts (hLSF) after direct CAP treatment, co-cultured with plasma-treated human epidermal keratinocytes (hEK) and with an experimental murine model of scleroderma. In hAF and hLSF, 2 min CAP treatment with the MicroPlaSterβ® plasma torch did not affect pro-fibrotic gene expression of alpha smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activating protein, and collagen type I, however, it promoted re-expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1. Functionally, CAP treatment reduced cell migration and stress fiber formation in hAF and hLSF. The relevance of CAP treatment was confirmed in an in vivo model of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis. In this model, CAP-treated mice showed significantly reduced dermal thickness and collagen deposition as well as a decrease in both alpha smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and CD68-positive macrophages in the affected skin in comparison to untreated fibrotic tissue. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence for the successful use of CAP for treating LS and may be the basis for clinical trials including patients with LS.

PRACTICAL USE OF GOAT MILK AND COLOSTRUM

This review presents the protein and amino acid composition of both goat colostrums and milk and describes the properties of goat colostrums and milk components. In addition, the prospects of use of goat milk and colostrum in the food and cosmetics industry and the feasibility of use of goat milk for baby feeding are shown. Functional foods produced from goat milk have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antihypertensive and antiatherogenic activities in the human body. Goat milk cosmetics are very useful for maintaining a healthy skin and are effective in treatment of various skin diseases. Infant formula based on goat milk provides comfortable digestion for babies and are better at absorbing proteins, fats and other nutrients than infant formula based on cow’s milk.

Synthetic Retinoids Beyond Cancer Therapy.

While the uses of retinoids for cancer treatment continue to evolve, this review focuses on other therapeutic areas in which retinoids [retinol (vitamin A), all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α-, β-, and γ-selective agonists] are being used and on promising new research that suggests additional uses for retinoids for the treatment of disorders of the kidneys, skeletal muscles, heart, pancreas, liver, nervous system, skin, and other organs. The most mature area, in terms of US Food and Drug Administration-approved, RAR-selective agonists, is for treatment of various skin diseases. Synthetic retinoid agonists have major advantages over endogenous RAR agonists such as RA. Because they act through a specific RAR, side effects may be minimized, and synthetic retinoids often have better pharmaceutical properties than does RA. Based on our increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of retinoids in development, epigenetic regulation, and tissue repair, other exciting therapeutic areas are emerging.

Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plants Used For Skin Disease by Primitive Tribes of Ananthagiri Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Plant species used in the treatment of skin diseases among the primitive tribes of Ananthagiri Mandal, Visakhapatnam district. To document traditional medicinal plants knowledge used in treating skin diseases by primitive tribes like Porja, Mali, Kotia, Nukhadora and Khonds. Forty-five plant species belonging to 30 families were found to be used specifically in the treatment of various skin diseases. Most preferred species for the management of skin ailments are Abrus precatorius Linn. Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f.) Wang. Asparagus racemosus Wild and Argemone mexicana Linn etc.

Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC (Asteraceae) Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsions as a Promising Topical Wound Healing Delivery System: In Vitro Assessments in Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT) and HET-CAM Irritant Potential.

Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC Asteraceae extracts (ASEs) have been investigated for the treatment of various skin disorders. This study reports the effects of ASE-loaded nanoemulsions (NEASE) on the cellular viability, death by necrosis, and migration of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line), as well as the irritant potential through the hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM). NEASE exhibited a polydispersity index above 0.12, with a droplet size of 300 nm, ζ-potential of −40 mV, and content of flavonoids close to 1 mg/mL. No cytotoxicity of the ASE was observed on HaCaT by MTT assay (up to 10 µg/mL). A significant increase of HaCaT viability was observed to NEASE (up to 5 μg/mL of flavonoids), compared to treatment with the ASE. The necrosis death evaluation demonstrated that only NEASE did not lead to cell death at all the tested concentrations. The scratch assay demonstrated that NEASE was able to increase the cell migration at low flavonoid concentrations. Finally, the HET-CAM test proved the non-irritative potential of NEASE. Overall, the results indicate the potential of the proposed formulations for topical use in wound healing, in view of their promising effects on proliferation and migration in keratinocytes, combined with an indication of the absence of cytotoxicity and non-irritating potential.

Size-Dependent Absorption through Stratum Corneum by Drug-Loaded Liposomes

Topical treatment of various skin disorders requires drug absorption and penetration through the stratum corneum (SC) into the epidermis and dermis tissues. The use of nano-drug delivery systems including liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been shown to facilitate SC penetration. The goal of this work was to study the impact of liposome sizes and the resulted drug distribution inside various skin tissue. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used as the model drug and loaded into gel phase HSPC/CHOL/DSPE-PEG liposomes (lipo-ATRA) with sizes ranging from 80nm to more than 300nm. The percutaneous drug absorption process was monitored and analyzed. There were significant differences in percutaneous absorption and tissue distribution resulted from liposomes smaller than 100nm and those bigger than 200nm. Lipo-ATRA with a mean diameter of 83nm can deliver the content to epidermis and dermis. But for 200nm - 300nm liposomes, the resulted epidermis and dermis ATRA levels were less than about one third, suggesting bigger liposomes had poor penetration through the brick and mortar structure of SC. Gel phase liposomes with sizes under 100nm improved encapsulated drug absorption and distribution into the epidermis and dermis tissues. A size dependent mechanism for liposome penetration of the stratum corneum was proposed.

Effect of Different Wavelengths of Laser Irradiation on the Skin Cells.

The invention of systems enabling the emission of waves of a certain length and intensity has revolutionized many areas of life, including medicine. Currently, the use of devices emitting laser light is not only an indispensable but also a necessary element of many diagnostic procedures. It also contributed to the development of new techniques for the treatment of diseases that are difficult to heal. The use of lasers in industry and medicine may be associated with a higher incidence of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to injury to the body. The most exposed to laser irradiation is the skin tissue. The low dose laser irradiation is currently used for the treatment of various skin diseases. Therefore appropriate knowledge of the effects of lasers irradiation on the dermal cells’ metabolism is necessary. Here we present current knowledge on the clinical and molecular effects of irradiation of different wavelengths of light (ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, red, and infrared (IR) on the dermal cells.

Low-Temperature Argon Plasma Regulates Skin Moisturizing and Melanogenesis-Regulating Markers through Yes-Associated Protein.

Extensive water loss and melanin hyperproduction can cause various skin disorders. Low-temperature argon plasma (LTAP) has shown the possibility of being used for the treatment of various skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and skin cancer. However, the role of LTAP in regulating skin moisturizing and melanogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of LTAP on yes-associated protein (YAP), a major transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo signaling pathway that is involved in skin moisturizing and melanogenesis-regulating markers. In normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), the human epidermal keratinocyte line HaCaT, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we found that LTAP exhibited increased expression levels of YAP protein. In addition, the expression levels of filaggrin (FLG), which is involved in natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS), transglutaminase (TGM), and involucrin (IVL), which regulate skin barrier and moisturizing, were also increased after exposure to LTAP. Furthermore, collagen type I alpha 1 and type III alpha 1 (COL1A1, COL3A1) were increased after LTAP exposure, but the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was reduced. Moreover, LTAP was found to suppress alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in murine melanoma B16F10 cells and normal human melanocytes (NHEMs). LTAP regulates melanogenesis of the melanocytes through decreased YAP pathway activation in a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)-dependent manner. Taken together, our data show that LTAP regulates skin moisturizing and melanogenesis through modulation of the YAP pathway, and the effect of LTAP on the expression level of YAP varies from cell to cell. Thus, LTAP might be developed as a treatment method to improve the skin barrier, moisture content, and wrinkle formation, and to reduce melanin generation.

Development of a Liquid Crystal Formulation that Can Penetrate the Stratum Corneum for Intradermal Delivery of Small Interfering RNA.

Topical delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be an attractive method for the treatment of skin diseases and improving the quality of life of patients. However, it is difficult for siRNA to pass through the two major barriers of the skin: the stratum corneum (SC) and tight junctions. We have previously reported that atopic dermatitis of skin without the SC can be efficiently treated by the intradermal administration of trans-activator of transcription (Tat) peptide and AT1002 (tight junction opening peptide). However, novel drug delivery systems are needed for effective SC penetration. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to develop a lyotropic liquid crystalline (LC) system containing Tat and AT1002 for effective siRNA penetration through the SC. An LC formulation was prepared using selachyl alcohol and purified water, and its skin penetration ability was evaluated. No fluorescence was observed in mouse skin treated with a siRNA solution, as there was no intradermal localization of siRNA from naked siRNA. However, intradermal delivery of siRNA was remarkable and extensive with the LC formulation containing both Tat and AT1002. Semiquantitative analysis by brightness measurement revealed that the LC formulation containing both Tat and AT1002 had significantly enhanced intact skin permeability than other formulations. These results show that the functional peptides in the LC formulation increased SC penetration and intradermal delivery in the healthy skin. Therefore, this novel LC system may be useful in the treatment of various skin diseases.

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in “Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

Federation Skin lesions with development of erosive-ulcerative defects and impaired skin barrier function are common for large number of diseases. Successful epithelization of skin defects depends on the wound process, body’s compensatory functions, environmental factors and correctly selected treatment. Comprehensive treatment should include systemic and local therapy as well as current dressings. The article shows current dressings possibilities the treatment of various skin diseases, outlines all pros and cons of the major current dressings.

Chemical and Phytochemical Analyses of Extracts from the Leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana, “an Herbal Plant used for the Treatment of Various Skin Disorders”

Abstract Acalypha wilkesiana is a tropical herb used for the treatment of skin disorders. Phytochemical studies carried out on the pulverized dried leaves of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. The crude 50% methanol extract obtained from the dried leaves was sequentially partitioned into three fractions. Thin layer chromatography of the fractions revealed three (3) components each in hexane fraction; ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction of the plant extract. Column chromatography of the fractions was carried out. The infrared analyses of the components revealed the presence of alkenes, hydroxyl group, conjugate carbonyls, esters in the hexane fraction components. Those from the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions contained aliphatic amides or amines with carbonyl and esters attached in the two fractions. Essential oil was extracted from the dried leaves using hydro-distillation method. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of major compounds which included: n-Hexadecanoic acid 4-Hexen-2-one-3-methyl, Pyrrole and 6-Benzamido-4-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5. The presence of the functional groups inferred from IR and GC-MS analyses with the antimicrobial potential of the essential oil may support the use of the plant in the management of skin infections, gastrointestinal disorders and other ailments.

Plant Polyphenols: Natural and Potent UV-Protective Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Disorders.

Nowadays, destructive and immunosuppressive effects from long-term exposure to UV radiation have been fully investigated and documented in the literature. UV radiation is known as the main cause of skin aging and carcinogenesis. Hence, skin protection against anti-oxidative and immunosuppressive processes is highly in demand. Now, plant polyphenols have been found as a versatile and natural tool for the prevention and treatment of various skin diseases. The presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups in the cyclic structure of polyphenols has induced valuable biological activities. Among them, their UV protective activity has attracted lots of attention due to promising efficacy and simple instruction to use.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Pine Tar on Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study.

Periodontal pathogens play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis. Microbiological examination of sub gingival plaque is used at the present time in etiological research as well as in clinical treatment of periodontitis to select the appropriate antibiotic agent if indicated. Pine tar has been used for the treatment of various skin diseases. So the study was done to evaluate the effect of Pine Tar oil on bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients. Plaque samples from volunteer patients were collected using sterile paper points. Robertson's Cooked Meat (RCM) medium was used for the transportation and cultivation of aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic microorganisms. The result suggests the use of Pine tar oil for topical application in periodontal diseases. Disc diffusion analysis was sufficient enough to illustrate that 75 µl tar oil solution produced growth inhibition of microbial strains. Pine tar oil has become one of the important areas of research both in pharmaceutical and periodontal research, hence in vivo studies has to be carried out with various form of pine tar.