Travel Books Research Articles

Philip F. Kennedy and Shawkat M. Toorawa, eds., Two Arabic Travel Books: Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī, Accounts of China and India, ed. and trans. Tim Mackintosh-Smith; Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān, Mission to the Volga, ed. and trans. James E. Montgomery. (Library of Arabic Literature.) New York: New York University Press, 2014. Pp. x, 312; 2 maps. $35. ISBN: 978-1-4798-0350-7.

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsPhilip F. Kennedy and Shawkat M. Toorawa, eds., Two Arabic Travel Books: Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī, Accounts of China and India, ed. and trans. Tim Mackintosh-Smith; Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān, Mission to the Volga, ed. and trans. James E. Montgomery. (Library of Arabic Literature.) New York: New York University Press, 2014. Pp. x, 312; 2 maps. $35. ISBN: 978-1-4798-0350-7.David WainesDavid WainesLancaster University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 93, Number 3July 2018 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/698418 Views: 141Total views on this site Copyright 2018 by the Medieval Academy of America. All rights reserved. For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Viajeros y arabistas a doble paso: Marruecos colonial y el legendario Joaquín Gatell

Este artículo compara dos ediciones dedicadas al mismo autor y obra, Joaquín Gatell y su Diario, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la apropiación de un libro de viajes por intelectuales al servicio del Protectorado español en Marruecos. La representación del explorador decimonónico en las dos ediciones se construye desde la óptica colonial que caracterizó muchas publicaciones españolas de los años 50 del siglo XX.

Pina Ballario's Colonial and Travel Writing: Desserts, Breastfeeding and Pleasure as Opposition to Fascism

ABSTRACTA prolific author whose production extends over four decades, Pina Ballario was an overt supporter of fascism who later enjoyed a successful career in Republican Italy. In this article I explore her treatment of alimentary images in the travel book Come ho visto la Russia e altri paesi del mondo and the colonial novels Fortuna sotto vento and Il figlio che mi hai dato. I argue that Ballario’s use of alimentary images reveals an opposition to Fascist policies that belies her openly declared support for the regime. The analysis considers the centrality of alimentary discourses in the 1930s, at both cultural and economic levels, and also considers alimentary imagination as expression of personal emotions and subjectivities. Alimentary discourse is therefore crucial to our understanding of literary support for, or opposition to, Fascism.

A formal approach to modeling and verification of business process collaborations

In the last years we are observing a growing interest in verification of business process models that, despite their lack of formal characterization, are widely adopted in industry and academia. To this aim, a formalization of the execution semantics of business process modeling languages is essential. In this paper, we focus on the OMG standard BPMN 2.0. Specifically, we provide a direct formalization of its semantics in terms of Labeled Transition Systems. This approach permits to avoid possible miss-interpretations, due to the usage of the natural language in the standard specification, and to overcome issues due to the mapping of BPMN to other formal languages, which are equipped with their own semantics. Our operational semantics is given for a relevant subset of BPMN elements focusing on the capability to model collaborations among organizations via message exchange. One of its distinctive aspects is the suitability to model business processes with arbitrary topology. This allows designers to freely specify their processes according to the reality, without the limitation of defining well-structured models. The provided formalization is also implemented by exploiting the capabilities of Maude. This implementation takes a collaboration model as an input and, explores all the model executions. By relying on it, automatic verification of properties related to collaborations has been carried out via the Maude model checker. We illustrate the benefits of our approach by means of a simple, yet realistic, running example concerning a travel booking scenario.

What Am I Still Doing Here?

AbstractThis article offers preliminary thoughts on travel writing from a gerontological perspective. Gender, race, and sexuality have provided important analytical frames for travel writing studies, but age has yet to function as a topic or point of reference. Through a consideration of five travel books by respected modern authors—Jan Morris, Dervla Murphy, V. S. Naipaul, Paul Theroux, and Colin Thubron—the article asks what motivates travel writers to stay “on the road” into their seventies and beyond, and what the distinctive features of travel narratives written at this life stage might be. The article aims to demonstrate the intrinsic fascination of travel books in which a strong abiding curiosity about the world coexists with an acute—and often melancholy—awareness of the passing of time and personal mortality.

H. H. Richarson: viajando por España

Henry Hobson Richardson, a North American architect born in 1838 in Louisiana and generally considered to be the founder of the Chicago School, as well as being one of the main exponents of the Shingle Style, toured Europe in 1882, just four years before his premature death in 1886. The trip was a significant event in his life and professional career, as well as being an important indication of the change in perspective that occurred in the late 19th century with respect to historical architecture. Spain was the final and decisive stage of that European tour because it turned out to be an encounter with an architecture of massive presence, volumetric composition and great expressive force that, until then, he had only had a glimpse of in a few illustrations in travel books during his training in the Ecole de Beaux-Arts in Paris.

The Dark Side of the Moon: Edith Wharton's Fictional Treatment of Islam inIn Moroccoand “The Seed of the Faith”

AbstractEdith Wharton's travel book In Morocco (1919) and short story “The Seed of the Faith” (1919) both resulted from her trip to Morocco in 1917. Yet ironically, the fictional short story may have come closer to the truth than the nonfictional travel book, which follows many of the orientalist patterns inherited from nineteenth-century travel writing to the Muslim east. The orientalism of In Morocco seems to hinge on Wharton's portrayal of Islam as a culture and a politics rather than as a religion, which leads to a fictionalized view. The short story, however, portrays the problematic nature of such views and their imposition on the Moroccan Muslims.

Editor's Note

Editor's Note

Kelionės retorika: persvazijos instrumentai lietuvių kelionių literatūroje

Rhetoric which in the context of this research is seen not only as a structure of text but also as a structure of thought is presented in the article as a new universal way of researching Lithuanian travel literature discourse. Three popular Lithuanian travel books are chosen for this research – Kelionė į Jeruzalę (Journey to Jerusalem, 1601) by Mikalojus Kristupas Radvila Našlaitėlis, Svečiuose pas 40 tautų (At the Company of 40 Nations, 1935–1936) by Matas Šalčius, and Sapnuoju, kad einu (Dreaming the Path, 2014) by Jokūbas Vilius Tūras. The article presents the research of three persuasion tools ethos, logos and pathos in Lithuanian travel literature and how they are involved in successful communication process. The article reveals exactly how trusting the author and presenting actual traveller’s experience is connected with stimulating audience’s emotions and what part in this process is taken by the journey itself. The article also analyses how the enthymeme is involved in achieving persuasion and how it captures traveller’s views, communication guidelines and common features of different travel texts.

Croatian art and literature in the English 19th century travel books about Dalmatia

Britanci su putovali Dalmacijom već u Srednjem vijeku i posjećivali njezine gradove na putovanjima koji su ih vodili u Svetu zemlju gdje su mnogi sudjelovali u križarskim ratovima. Njihovo zanimanje za tu zemlju variralo je od vremena do vremena. U Srednjem su vijeku to najčešće bile crkve i mjesta hodočašća, dok se već od 17. stoljeća pojavljuju i nova zanimanja (arhitektonski spomenici, priroda, prirodni resursi). U 19. stoljeću oni se bave problemima povezanim s novim strujanjima u engleskom političkom i znanstvenom životu. Putopisci 19. stoljeća prave razliku između materijalnih spomenika i duhovne sposobnosti dalmatinske populacije, priznajući vrijednost umjetnosti, ali ističući nevjericu u mogućnost i sposobnost domaćeg stanovništva, Hrvata, kao autora takvih spomenika. Stoga se iz njihovih djela (Wilkinson, Paton, Jackson) mnogo saznaje o samim autorima i oficijelnoj politici njihove zemlje prema malim narodima i njihovoj kulturi i vidi da oni ne odobravaju jačanje njihove nacionalne i kulturne samostalnosti. S obzirom da je većina putopisa bila poticana ili čak financirana od značajnih britanskih institucija zacijelo su ti putopisi imali znatnog utjecaja na formiranje mišljenja i stavova koji se mogu pratiti do današnjeg dana.

Qozloq Route (Astrabad to Shahrud) Impact on Economic Developments of the Region (Safavid Course)

The Qozloq Route was one of the branches of the famous Silk Road in the northeast of Iran, which linked two important and strategic regions of Shahrud and Astrabad. This road constituted rough and smooth paths and was the passage of different nations with different goals. In this context, various cultures have also been published and exchanged in line with the trade of various goods.The presence of different caravansaries around the road indicates its importance and prosperity in the Safavid course, but with all of this, there is little information available on the importance of this route in the existing travel books and historical books. Despite all the inadequacies, in this research, with the descriptive-analytical approach based on the research data, it is concluded that the Qozloq Route has been of great importance in the Safavid course, strategically, and in term of the publication of the culture and prosperity of the economy, and the dynamism of development and awareness.

Scritture in filigrana. Note a margine della prima traduzione italiana di Mary Edith Durham, High Albania, Londra, 1909 (Nella Terra del Passato Vivente. La scoperta dell'Albania nell'Europa del primo Novecento, Lecce, 2016)

In the spring of 1908, the English artist and writer Edith Durham left Scutari on the way to High Albania, to visit lands barely explored by foreign travellers. Whereas a century before Lord Byron had celebrated Southern Albania, to which he dedicated several magnificent lines of his Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Northern regions remained shrouded in mystery: as Thomas Carlyle would put it, they were the lands of the unspeakable Turk, the frontier between Islam and Christianity. Her journey into the unknown led Durham to learn about customs and traditions whose origins were lost in the mists of myth, a small universe close to the coasts of the eastern Adriatic, prodigiously remaining at the margins of time and history. The results of Durham's research were published in High Albania (1909), one of the most famous travel books about the tiny Balkan country. This paper deals with some features emerging from the first Italian translation of the Durham travelogue, in particular with the literary references which provided Durham with the methodological and conceptual coordinates that frame her insight into Albania.

Nuove risorse per la ricerca del lessico del patrimonio culturale: corpora multilingue LBC

As a result of the wealth of artistic expression that Italy has produced over the centuries, the Italian cultural heritage lexicon has become a crucial object of interest for scholars of varied disciplines. However, while monolingual art dictionaries are currently available, there are no multilingual tools that offer the same level of quality and comprehensiveness. The present work moves in that direction. In particular, the aim of this paper is to describe the work done to date in designing and implementing the LBC database, a resource for constructing a multilingual art dictionary in nine languages (Chinese, French, English, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish). This database, made up of nine corresponding corpora, will contain texts whose subject is cultural heritage, ranging from technical texts on art history to books on art appreciation, such as tour guides, and, lastly, travel books highlighting Italian art and culture. Below is a summary of the decisions taken during the work process and the challenges that lie ahead for its future development.

Locke and the Churchill Catalogue Revisited


 
 
 At the time of his death, in 1704, the library of John Locke held 269 volumes of philosophy—but 275 volumes of geography and travel. Works of geography drew on discoveries related in books of travel, but Locke did nevertheless see them as distinct genres. In both, his holdings were extensive. He owned several volumes of maps; the great recent surveys of Africa, America, and Japan printed by John Ogilby; and the descriptions of the world by Abbot, Purchas, Morden, and Moll. It was in books of travel, though, of which Locke owned 195, where his holdings were most remarkable. He owned the massive collections of Ramusio (in Italian), de Bry (in Latin), Thévenot (in French), and Hakluyt and Purchas (in English). He owned accounts of the well-known voy- ages of Hariot to Virginia, de Léry to Brazil, Sandys to the Ottoman Empire, Gage to the West Indies, and Choisy to Siam. He owned as well accounts of dozens of more minor voyages, such as those of Blount to the Levant, Monconys to Syria, Ray to the Continent, Josselyn to New England, and Fryke to the East Indies. No student of Locke’s library has failed to remark upon what Harrison and Laslett, its modern editors, have called its ‘great strength’ in these areas. This is to understate the matter, for it seems that among libraries of its size in late Stuart England, only the library of Robert Hooke (and perhaps that of Robert Boyle) rivalled Locke’s in works of geography and travel.
 
 

Manhattan Beach

the story progresses. Venice was commissioned as a travel book in a series from Louis Vuitton, meant to showcase the beauty of this famous city. Taniguchi strings together a base narrative of a man who finds a box of painted postcards in a suitcase left behind by his dead mother. Being a character in a Taniguchi comic, he, of course, goes on a walking tour, seeking out some of the locations and mysteries of his mother’s previous life. Venice has very little text but manages to tell an engrossing story. Taniguchi’s art swings from grand, full-page landscapes to a simple white page with a bowl of soup (possibly my favorite). I’ve never been to Venice, but after reading this I sure want to go. And that, I suppose, is exactly the point! These are two beautiful works from Taniguchi that I am happy to add to my library. And I am keeping spots open for the rest of his comics that will hopefully become available. Just keep walking. Zack Davisson Seattle, Washington Jennifer Egan. Manhattan Beach. New York. Scribner. 2017. 438 pages. Readers have come to expect novels that experiment with form and structure from Jennifer Egan, but Manhattan Beach proves that expectations can be unmet in a spectacularly positive way. We quickly fall in love with Anna Kerrigan and her story in this straightforward and exquisitely rendered historical novel. Set mostly in Brooklyn against the backdrop of the Great Depression and World War II, the novel begins with precocious eleven-year-old Anna and her father, Eddie, in a brief encounter with Dexter Styles and his daughter, Tabitha, on Manhattan Beach near Coney Island. Egan quickly moves to Anna in her late teens working in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. But the first scenes are crucial to where the characters are headed. It soon becomes clear that nothing is wasted in this novel, and the reader had better pay close attention . There is little that we can assume without Egan’s surprising us. Anna, who is something of a loner, beats the odds and the prejudices of her co-workers to become the only woman diver doing repairs on ships. Breaking with the expected role of a woman in her era, she gains respect with the kind of grit one expects from a heroine. But there is a backstory, of course, and Egan trenchantly explores the confining circumstances of Anna’s family life in an apartment that is “small, crowded, close” and where “femininity breathed from every surface down to the cheap wainscoting.” Throughout , Egan’s masterful descriptions are matched by her ability to delineate character through dialogue, even down to the inarticulate sounds uttered by Anna’s birth-damaged sister, Liddy. As the novel reveals the lives of the overlapping characters, our focus shifts from independent Anna, to Anna among her co-workers, to Anna as a romantic figure. This last Anna is indelibly marked by her complex relationship with Dexter, a relationship underscored by a brilliantly sensual sex scene. Moreover, Egan captures the particular flavor of wartime New York and limns even the secondary characters with a finely rounded sense of where and how they fit into the world of the novel. Overarching all, the idea and metaphor of the sea infuses the novel, from the Melville epigraph (“Yes, as every one knows, meditation and water are wedded for ever”), to Anna’s diving career, to Eddie’s time at sea, to the life-affirming remedy of the ocean. Egan has done her research well, sometimes too well, as when she delivers details about measurements done with micrometers . But she also creates the beating heart of the time period with its struggling characters , moral complexity, class distinctions, and sense of danger mixed with patriotism. Throw in poverty, longing, and loyalty, and World Literature in Review 72 WLT JANUARY–FEBRUARY 2018 she seeds the narrative with deep and abiding interest. Manhattan Beach is a novel to savor. Rita D. Jacobs New York Julie Maroh. Body Music. Trans. David Homel. Vancouver. Arsenal Pulp Press. 2017. 300 pages. With an orchestra of players on the stage of the streets of Montreal, Julie Maroh conducts a symphony of...

The Royall Coach: Sketching the Nation

This article elucidates the extent to which the stagecoach created new opportunities for aspiring authors and underwrote the emergence of Jacksonian- era literary culture. Travel writers like Anne Newport Royall built their publication and distribution practices around the mobility of the stagecoach industry, which operated under a government subsidy to deliver the mail. Between 1826 and 1831, Royall travelled by stagecoach throughout the United States both to find stories to fill her travel books and to sell her books to far- flung audiences. The stagecoach network itself could be said to have created a demand for new kinds of writing. By incorporating far- flung localities into a single national system, the stagecoach network contributed to a growing curiosity about distant people and places in the new nation, a curiosity that contributed to the proliferation of travel sketches in books and magazines. In effect, the stagecoach network at once sparked a hunger for representations of the United States and a means to satisfy it.

Charles Dickens and Joseph Parkinson: Disentangling Composite Authorship in All the Year Round

Charles Dickens and Joseph Parkinson: Disentangling Composite Authorship in All the Year Round Leon Litvack (bio) and Hugh Craig (bio) The extent of Dickens’s written output is legendary. In his relatively short lifetime he completed fourteen and a half novels, as well as an impressive array of short fiction, travel books, plays, poems, and major and minor works of prose. The complete extent of his published works may never be known, partly on account of the convention of anonymity that dominated early and mid-Victorian publication – especially journalism (see Drew 117–8, 151, 183). The most recent attempt to produce a “Complete listing of Dickens’s known journalism” was undertaken by Michael Slater and John Drew, in the final volume of their Dent Uniform Edition of Dickens’ Journalism (Slater and Drew 436–46). Yet this inventory, featuring 370 items, is only as reliable as the supporting evidence, which comes from a variety of sources, including Dickens’s correspondence, the discovery of manuscripts, and the Office Book for his journal Household Words (Collins, “Dickens on Ghosts”; Brice; and Lohrli). It is rare nowadays for a new piece of journalism by Dickens to be authenticated; yet such breakthroughs are possible, given the right circumstances and effective modes of investigation. In the spring and summer of 2015 a set of fortuitous events culminated in a public announcement that the “Rosetta Stone of Victorian Studies” had been found (Dugan). In May of that year a group of academics met a scholar and antiquarian book dealer named Jeremy Parrott, to authenticate a series of carefully inscribed annotations in a recently purchased, handsomely bound set of the first series of All the Year Round (Fig. 1), the journal that Dickens edited from 1859 until his death in 1870. The scholars came away convinced that the marginalia, which identified by name the authors of each of the individual pieces, were genuine. These findings were confirmed by Leon Litvack, who observed in an interview with the Independent newspaper that This is probably the most important find for [Dickens] scholars in [End Page 303] my lifetime. It gives us an insight into the links between Dickens and other authors, whose names have been all too often lost in the mists of time. It will be of inestimable value to scholars. (Milmo) The annotations – not in Dickens’s hand (Parrott, “George Holsworth,” and Litvack, “Letters”) – confirmed the authorship of previously anonymous pieces; among the most notable revelations were works by Elizabeth Gaskell, Eliza Lynn Linton, Lewis Carroll and Wilkie Collins, together with a host of lesser-known figures. The complete story of the discovery was recounted in an article by Litvack in the Dickens Quarterly, in December 2015 (Litvack, “Dickens”). Since then Parrott has been working to compile and publish a Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Contributors to All the Year Round, based on the marginalia in what has now come to be called the “Parrott set” of the journal (Parrott, “The Annotated Set” 14). There was further excitement when it was revealed that new writing by Dickens had been uncovered. In July 2015 an article appeared in the Independent, carrying the title “The unseen Charles Dickens: read the excoriating essay on Victorian poverty that no-one knew he had written.” It identified Dickens as the lead author of an All the Year Round article entitled “What is Sensational?”, a diatribe focusing on conditions in workhouse infirmaries (Wills). The Independent boasted that the piece, previously attributed to “one Joseph Parkinson” (1833–1908), had been “presumed to be only a commission from [Dickens]. But from the newly studied margin notes, it now seems that Dickens not only supplied the idea but was chief author of the polemic” (Wills). The previous attribution to Parkinson alone was based largely on a memorandum written by Dickens, which provided Parkinson with a detailed set of instructions about what to include in the article (Figs. 2, 3); now the shared authorship is confirmed by the marginal annotation in the Parrott set (Fig. 4). Before examining the content of “What is Sensational?”, and whether Dickens was indeed the “chief author,” it would be useful to consider the career of his lesser-known collaborator. Joseph Charles Parkinson (Fig...

A Family Portrait: Enrique Stanko Vráz and the Qing Aristocracy During the Boxer Rebellion

The Czech traveller and photographer Enrique Stanko Vráz (1860–1932) spent three spring months in China during the Boxer Uprising in 1901. He was amongst the first travellers – photo-reporters. He preferred realistic photographs as the best proof of capturing the world around him. In Beijing, he took several hundred photographs including the Manchu aristocratic families. Among them, he photographed Prince Su (1866–1922), an important late Qing statesman, and his family. The study discusses Prince Su’s family photographs in relations to Vráz’s notes and travel books.

The Sanjak of Herzegovina in Evliya Çelebi’s Book of Travels based on the book’s autograph. From Rudo to Herceg Novi

The Sanjak of Herzegovina in Evliya Çelebi’s Book of Travels based on the book’s autograph. From Rudo to Herceg Novi

Poppies of Iraq by Helge Dascher

WORLDLIT.ORG 93 write the Moroccan collective memory of the Years of Lead during the reign of Hassan II. Nisrine Slitine El Mghari University of Oklahoma Jorge Carrión. Bookshops: A Reader’s History. Trans. Peter Bush. Windsor, Ontario. Biblioasis. 2017. 304 pages. Jorge Carrión begins this paean to bookshops by writing: “Every bookshop is a condensed version of the world.” This axiomatic declaration is important as it establishes the metaphor around which the book is constructed, which Carrión expounds shortly after: “You need no passport to gain entry to the cartography of a bookshop , to its representation of the world—of the many worlds we call world—that is so much like a map, that sphere of freedom where times slows down and tourism turns into another kind of reading.” The director of the master’s program in creative writing at Barcelona’s Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Carrión is the author of three novels as well as numerous travel books and collections of essays. Librerías, translated as Bookshops (the English edition carries the subtitle A Reader’s History, not present in the Spanish), was a finalist for the Anagrama Essay Prize in 2013. It is the first of Carrión’s books to be translated into English. In the chapter “Bookshops Fated to Be Political,” Carrión moves between Hitler’s Germany to Cold War Berlin and, not surprisingly, to Cuba, to discuss the role bookshops have played in fomenting and propping up totalitarian regimes. As a frequent visitor to Havana, this was of particular interest to me. He writes: “It was in the Communist bookshop on calle Carlos III in Havana that future commander and repressor Fidel Castro bought the two key books in his life: The Communist Manifesto and The State and Revolution.” While the bookshops on calle Obispo remain (La Moderna Poesía, which dates to the nineteenth century, comes to mind), they have been reduced to little more than tourist spots whose sparsely stocked shelves sell official histories of the revolution and biographies of Che and Fidel. Bookshops is translated ably by Peter Bush, a renowned translator of Catalan and Spanish literature, including works by authors as diverse as Spain’s Juan Goytisolo, Cuba’s Leonardo Padura, and Uruguay’s Juan Carlos Onetti. Bush’s translation is a delight to read, beginning with his decision to translate the title Librerías as Bookshops instead of “Bookstores” (Amazon is a bookstore, but it most certainly is not a bookshop). In the end, there is much to like in this book and translation and little to criticize. For the obvious bibliophiles and amateurs of world literature who are reading this review, it will be a welcome addition to their bookshelves. George Henson University of Oklahoma Brigitte Findakly & Lewis Trondheim. Poppies of Iraq. Trans. Helge Dascher. Montreal. Drawn & Quarterly. 2017. 120 pages. Poppies of Iraq, an autobiographical graphic novel written by Brigitte Findakly and illustrated by Lewis Trondheim, contains familiar tropes of contemporary graphic memoirs. Findakly negotiates national identities with one parent from the Middle East, one parent from western Europe; she conveys a disarming coming-of-age story in war-torn Iraq, lured by the dream of France; and captures the beauty of home, even amid cultural and religious repression. With nonlinear pacing and vignettes, however, Poppies of Iraq adds a unique storytelling angle to the themes of Marjane Sartrapi’s seminal Persepolis and Riad Sattouf’s acclaimed The Arab of the Future. Findakly Nota Bene Catherine Woodard Opening the Mouth of the Dead Lone Goose Press New York City–based arts and literacy advocate Catherine Woodard searches through the stories and moments of childhood for a “spell” by which to understand death and pry into the parts of life that go silent with it. Drawing on the simple mystery of old attics and rites of passage into adolescence, the childlike speaker tries to make sense of the man she sometimes called her father. The limited-edition letterpress version of this book of poems features the artwork of Margot Voorhies Thompson, who worked closely with Woodard to “knit” their arts together. Yan Lianke The Years, Months, Days Trans. Carlos Rojas Black Cat The Years, Months...