Transport Vehicles Research Articles

Stochastic Cyclic Inventory Routing with Supply Uncertainty: A Case in Green-Hydrogen Logistics

Hydrogen can be produced from water, using electricity. The hydrogen can subsequently be kept in inventory in large quantities, unlike the electricity itself. This enables solar and wind energy generation to occur asynchronously from its usage. For this reason, hydrogen is expected to be a key ingredient for reaching a climate-neutral economy. However, the logistics for hydrogen are complex. Inventory policies must be determined for multiple locations in the network, and transportation of hydrogen from the production location to customers must be scheduled. At the same time, production patterns of hydrogen are intermittent, which affects the possibilities to realize the planned transportation and inventory levels. To provide policies for efficient transportation and storage of hydrogen, this paper proposes a parameterized cost function approximation approach to the stochastic cyclic inventory routing problem. Firstly, our approach includes a parameterized mixed integer programming (MIP) model which yields fixed and repetitive schedules for vehicle transportation of hydrogen. Secondly, buying and selling decisions in case of underproduction or overproduction are optimized further via a Markov decision process (MDP) model, taking into account the uncertainties in production and demand quantities. To jointly optimize the parameterized MIP and the MDP model, our approach includes an algorithm that searches the parameter space by iteratively solving the MIP and MDP models. We conduct computational experiments to validate our model in various problem settings and show that it provides near-optimal solutions. Moreover, we test our approach on an expert-reviewed case study at two hydrogen production locations in the Netherlands. We offer insights for the stakeholders in the region and analyze the impact of various problem elements in these case studies. Funding: This project received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (now Clean Hydrogen Partnership) under [Grant Agreement 875090]. The Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe Research. A. H. Schrotenboer received support from the Dutch Science Foundation (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; NWO) through [Grant VI.Veni.211E.043].

Apolipoprotein E3 Containing Nanodiscs as Vehicles for Transport and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoid Luteolin.

Luteolin is a flavonoid that possesses multiple beneficial biological properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that luteolin can be transported across a cell via a nanodisc delivery system and delivered to intracellular sites. Luteolin was incorporated into reconstituted high-density lipoprotein complexes made up of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) N-terminal domain (apoE3NT) and 1,2-dimystrioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. ApoE3NT confers the ability on nanodiscs to traverse the plasma membrane via low-density lipoprotein receptor or scavenger receptor-B1. Physicochemical characterization revealed that the nanodiscs were 17-22 nm in diameter as demonstrated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic lightering analysis and ∼660 kDa in size, with a luteolin content of ∼4 luteolin molecules/nanodisc. Luteolin appeared to be embedded in the nonpolar core of nanodiscs, as revealed by fluorescence quenching and polarization analysis and spectroscopic characterization. The presence of luteolin did not affect the ability of apoE3NT to mediate binding and cellular uptake of luteolin containing nanodiscs in macrophages, as inferred from immunofluorescence analysis that revealed apoE- and lipid-related fluorescence as punctate perinuclear vesicles and from flow cytometry studies. Lastly, luteolin appeared to be localized in the nucleus, having escaped the lysosomes following disassembly of the nanodiscs as suggested by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy analyses. Taken together, nanodiscs offer the potential to effectively transport luteolin and potentially therapeutic drugs into perinuclear sites in cells, where they can be available to enter the nucleus.

Detecting performance degradation in a dead-ended hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell used for an unmanned underwater vehicle

Hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HO-PEMFCs) play a crucial role in the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) transportation field due to their distinct advantages of zero emission and low infrared radiation intensity. Effective water management is essential for the stable operation and performance output of HO-PEMFC. However, the vital role of increasing gas velocity to mitigate performance issues and catalyst degradation during prolonged fuel cell operation is frequently overlooked. The objective of this study is to systematically enhance both catalyst durability and overall system efficiency in dead-ended HO-PEMFCs by manipulating cathode flow velocities. The research findings demonstrate that a recirculation pump speed of 200 rpm (corresponding to a gas flow rate of approximately 0.4 m/s) can enhance cell performance by 58.39% at a current density of 1200 mA cm−2 compared to the dead-ended mode. With the gradual increase in pump speed, the flow pattern of liquid water at the cathode outlet transitions from film flow to droplet flow. Moreover, a weight coefficient is proposed to characterize the Pt oxidation states. Electrochemical and morphological characterization show that the increased gas flow rate mitigates water accumulation at the fuel cell outlet. In addition, the degradation of the catalyst due to dehydration of the membrane in the reactant gas inlet area is also mitigated by exhaust gas recirculation.

THE CHALLENGES OF STEM CELL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF TENDINOPATHY IN THE CLINIC: LESSONS FROM A LARGE ANIMAL MODEL

Stem cells represent an exciting biological therapy for the management of many musculoskeletal tissues that suffer degenerative disease and/or where the reparative process results in non-functional tissue (‘failed healing’). The original hypothesis was that implanted cells would differentiate into the target tissue cell type and synthesise new matrix. However, this has been little evidence that this happens in live animals compared to the laboratory, and more recent theories have focussed on the immunomodulatory effects via the release of paracrine factors that can still improve the outcome, especially since inflammation is now considered one of the central processes that drive poor tendon healing. Because of the initial ‘soft’ regulatory environment for the use of stem cells in domestic mammals, bone and fat-derived stem cells quickly established themselves as a useful treatment for naturally occurring musculoskeletal diseases in the horse more than 20 years ago (Smith, Korda et al. 2003). Since the tendinopathy in the horse has many similarities to human tendinopathy, we propose that the following challenges and, the lessons learnt, in this journey are highly relevant to the development of stem cells therapies for human tendinopathy:Source – while MSCs can be recovered from many tissues, the predominant sources for autologous MSCs have been bone and fat. Other sources, including blood, amnion, synovium, and dental pulp have also been commercialised for allogenic treatments.Preparation – ex vivo culture requires transport from a licensed laboratory while ‘minimally manipulated’ preparations can be prepared patient-side. Cells also need a vehicle for transport and implantation.Delivery – transport of cells from the laboratory to the clinic for autologous ex vivo culture techniques; implantation technique (usually by ultrasound-guided injection to minimise damage to the cells (or, more rarely, incorporated into a scaffold). They can also be delivered by regional perfusion via venous or arterial routes.Retention – relatively poor although small numbers of cells do survive for at least 5 months. Immediate loss to the lungs if the cells are administered via vascular routes. Synovially administered cells do not engraft into tendon.Adverse effects – very safe although needle tracts often visible (but do not seen to adversely affect the outcome). Allogenic cells require careful characterisation for MHC Class II antigens to avoid anaphylaxis or reduced efficacy.Appropriate injuries to treat – requires a contained lesion when administered via intra-lesional injection. Intrasynovial tendon lesions are more often associated with surface defects and are therefore less appropriate for treatment. Earlier treatment appears to be more effective than delayed, when implantation by injection is more challenging.Efficacy - beneficial effects shown at both tissue and whole animal (clinical outcome) level in naturally-occurring equine tendinopathy using bone marrow-derived autologous MSCs Recent (licenced) allogenic MSC treatment has shown equivalent efficacy while intra-synovial administration of MSCs is ineffective for open intra-synovial tendon lesions.Regulatory hurdles – these have been lighter for veterinary treatments which has facilitated their development. There has been greater regulation of commercial allogenic MSC preparations which have required EMA marketing authorisation.

Artificial intelligence-based optimal EVCS integration with stochastically sized and distributed PVs in an RDNS segmented in zones

The growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) for transportation has led to increased production and government support through legislation since they offer environmental benefits such as reduced air pollution and carbon emissions compared to conventional combustion engine vehicles. This shift toward EV technology aligns with the goal of preserving the natural environment. To fully utilize EVs, effective management of the power grid is crucial, particularly in radial distribution network systems (RDNS) as they pose stress and deviation of power system parameters from their normal. This study proposes a novel strategy for maximizing EV utilization through EV charging stations (EVCSs) in an RDNS by considering factors such as load voltage deviation, line losses, and the presence of distributed solar photovoltaic systems at load centers. The research begins by segmenting the RDNS into zones, followed by the application of an artificial intelligence-based hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach known as hybrid GA–PSO. This approach identifies optimal locations for EVCSs integrated with photovoltaics within the network. Subsequently, the employment of individual GA and PSO algorithms to optimize EVCS placement focuses on minimizing power loss and enhancing voltage. The effectiveness of the hybrid GA–PSO algorithm is compared to that of separate GA and PSO methods. Extensive simulations using the IEEE 33-node test feeders validate the proposed techniques, demonstrating the usefulness of the hybrid GA–PSO algorithm in identifying optimal EVCS placement within each zone. The results also highlight the advantages and novelty of hybrid GA–PSO in achieving optimal EVCS placement with stochastically sized and distributed photovoltaic in an RDNS.

ОЦІНКА ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗБИТКІВ ВІД ВИКИДІВ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ В КОНТЕКСТІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

This article thoroughly examines the environmental damage caused by emis-sions from transportation and logistics vehicles in Odesa, within the framework of sustai-nable development objectives. It presents a detailed analysis of the main pollutants emitted by vehicles using gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas, underscoring the significant contribution these emissions make to both local and global environmental issues. The study highlights the substantial volumes of greenhouse gases produced and the current lack of economic regulatory mechanisms to manage them effectively. Comparative analysis of global environmental tax rates on CO2 demonstrates Ukraine's position as having the lowest rate, suggesting inadequate regulatory measures. Through methodical calculations, it was deter-mined that Odesa's total CO2 emissions for the year 2022 amounted to 1,089,421.9 tons. This resulted in an estimated environmental damage cost of $893,326 USD, which remains uncompensated due to regulatory shortcomings.The findings emphasize the necessity of integrating such emission data into environ-mental damage assessments and implementing robust economic instruments to regulate emissions. Additionally, the paper explores strategic approaches to enhance emission regu-lations, including the potential introduction of more stringent environmental taxes or cap-and-trade systems, and suggests ways to align these with international environmental stan-dards. The broader implications of such regulatory adjustments are discussed, particularly their role in facilitating sustainable urban development. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide policymakers and urban planners with an understanding of the environmental stakes involved and practical steps towards achieving sustainability in urban transportation systems. By comparing Ukraine’s policies to international standards, the research offers valuable insights into potential reforms that can drive the sustainable future for Ukraine. Keywords: transportation and logistics vehicles, environmental damage, sustainable development, greenhouse gases, emission regulation, environmental tax.

INFLUENCE OF PASSENGER ROUTE TRANSPORT ON TRAFFIC SAFETY ON THE STREET AND ROAD NETWORK

Abstract.The public transport comprises homogeneous vehicle movement. The motion of public transport passing through a road section exhibits signs of stationarity, hence formulating the stated scientific task. The paper proposes to assess the safety level of passenger public transport movement by deviations of the movement characteristics of public transport vehicles from the characteristics of the flow vehicles. The analysis conducted by the authors and the corresponding synthesis of the general conditions of passenger public transport movement in traffic flow on public roads allowed formulating a system of interaction between three elements: traffic flow, passenger transport vehicles, and road conditions. The provided criteria for deviation of the movement characteristics of passenger public transport vehicles from the characteristics of the traffic flow subsequently enable the evaluation of the danger level on the route. The proposed overall characteristic indirectly allows evaluating the safety level of passenger public transport movement on roads according to the provisions of traffic flow theory. To formulate general characteristics regarding the consideration of road safety at sections and nodes of the street-road network through which the route passes in the methodology of calculating urban bus transportation routes.

PET imaging of microglia in Alzheimer's disease using copper-64 labeled TREM2 antibodies.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays an essential role in microglia activation and is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for modulation of microglia in several neurological diseases. In this study, we present the development and preclinical evaluation of 64Cu-labeled antibody-based PET radiotracers as tools for non-invasive assessment of TREM2 expression. Furthermore, we tested the potential of an antibody transport vehicle (ATV) that binds human transferrin receptor to facilitate transcytosis of TREM2 antibody-based radiotracers to the CNS and improve target engagement. Methods: A TREM2 antibody with an engineered transport vehicle (ATV:4D9) and without (4D9) were covalently modified with pNCS-benzyl-NODAGA and labeled with copper-64. Potency, stability, and specificity were assessed in vitro followed by in vivo PET imaging at the early 2 h, intermediate 20 h, and late imaging time points 40 h post-injection using a human transferrin receptor (hTfR) expressing model for amyloidogenesis (5xFAD;TfRmu/hu) or wild-type mice (WT;TfRmu/hu), and hTfR negative controls. Organs of interest were isolated to determine biodistribution by ex vivo autoradiography. Cell sorting after in vivo tracer injection was used to demonstrate cellular specificity for microglia and to validate TREM2 PET results in an independent mouse model for amyloidogenesis (AppSAA;TfRmu/hu). For translation to human imaging, a human TREM2 antibody (14D3) was radiolabeled and used for in vitro autoradiography on human brain sections. Results: The 64Cu-labeled antibodies were obtained in high radiochemical purity (RCP), radiochemical yield (RCY), and specific activity. Antibody modification did not impact TREM2 binding. ATV:4D9 binding proved to be specific, and the tracer stability was maintained over 48 h. The uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-ATV:4D9 in the brains of hTfR expressing mice was up to 4.6-fold higher than [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-4D9 in mice without hTfR. TREM2 PET revealed elevated uptake in the cortex of 5xFAD mice compared to wild-type, which was validated by autoradiography. PET-to-biodistribution correlation revealed that elevated radiotracer uptake in brains of 5xFAD;TfRmu/hu mice was driven by microglia-rich cortical and hippocampal brain regions. Radiolabeled ATV:4D9 was selectively enriched in microglia and cellular uptake explained PET signal enhancement in AppSAA;TfRmu/hu mice. Human autoradiography showed elevated TREM2 tracer binding in the cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-ATV:4D9 has potential for non-invasive assessment of TREM2 as a surrogate marker for microglia activation in vivo. ATV engineering for hTfR binding and transcytosis overcomes the blood-brain barrier restriction for antibody-based PET radiotracers. TREM2 PET might be a versatile tool for many applications beyond Alzheimer's disease, such as glioma and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Measurements of rotational stiffness for precast concrete girder transport vehicles, part 2

This paper presents field measurements of the rotational stiffness of three transport vehicles equipped with different types of suspensions: leaf, combined air and leaf, and hydraulic suspensions. The rotational stiffness was determined by measuring the tilts of the vehicles when a girder or known weights were placed on them at various eccentricities. One of the tested vehicles, which featured transversely expandable wheel spacings varying from 6 to 18 ft (1.8 to 5.5 m), exhibited an increase in rotational stiffness from 78,181 to 134,584 kip-in./radian (8833 to 15,206 kN-m/radian). This paper summarizes the rotational stiffness for all the vehicles tested by the authors. The field measurements conducted have enriched the existing database on vehicle rotational stiffness in the United States.

Information system for automation control the process of equipping a transport vehicle using intelligent technologies

The paper considers a system for automating accounting operations when completing a transport vehicle with the necessary equipment, which can significantly simplify and optimize the management of preparation for transportation. The proposed method is illustrated by the example of equipping a passenger wagon with removable soft and hard equipment. A mobile application has been developed that, providing interaction between the conductor and the outfitter, allows you to track the equipment of the wagon with property both at the point of formation and during the entire route and take prompt measures to complete the wagon with missing inventory. The created software includes an intelligent chatbot for prompt access to reference information by all users of the application — participants in the process of equipping wagons.

Measurements of rotational stiffness for precast concrete girder transport vehicles—part I

Long precast, prestressed concrete girders are becom¬ing popular in bridge construction. Several states have constructed bridges using slender I-girders that exceed¬ed 200 ft (61 m) in length. When such a girder is seated on flexible supports such as a jeep and dolly, it can roll about an axis located beneath its center of mass. This movement induces lateral bending, which raises concerns about the lateral stability of particularly long girders. While the stability of these girders is largely influenced by the hauling equipment, very few state transportation agencies offer guidelines addressing the rotational stiffness of transport vehicles and other critical parameters. This paper presents comprehensive field measurements of rotational stiffness from various precast concrete plants. It covers two methods— namely, the placement of eccentric loads and the parking of vehicles on a substantial cross slope—to gauge rotational stiffness. The measurements included a variety of transport vehicles with air and leaf suspensions. The examined vehicles displayed a rotational stiffness ranging from 22,000 to 42,000 kip-in. (2486 to 4745 kN-m) per radian. The paper also suggests a guideline for tilt measurements to gather essential data and pinpoint the rotational stiffness.

Research on Air Pollution Modeling and Emission Inventory Methodology: A Case Study of Shanghai Yangshan Port

In order to effectively manage the pollution from ships in ports, it is very necessary to understand the quantity and characteristics of the emissions from port pollution sources, so that more scientific management measures can be provided.This paper mainly analyzes the three pollution emission sources of Yangshan Port, namely port machinery, transport vehicles and ships, and uses the emission factor method to estimate and establish the air pollution emission inventory of Yangshan Port in 2021.The results show:1) The emissions of pollutants SO2, PM, NOx, CO, and VOCs are 5011t, 1252t, 27,560t, 1670t, and 2150t, respectively;2) Ships are the largest source of pollution, with container ships providing the largest pollution contribution among the different ship types, accounting for 38%;3) The main engine and auxiliary engines, as the main source of pollution from ships, accounted for 40% and 42% of the total amount of pollutants, respectively; the slow-speed state accounted for the highest proportion of pollution discharged in the four operating states, at 41%.

Cross-subsidies are a viable option to fund formal pit latrine emptying services: Evidence from Kigali, Rwanda.

Pit latrines are the most common household sanitation system in East African cities. Urbanisation reduces the space available for new latrines to be constructed when pits fill and they increasingly require emptying. But formal services that empty and transport sludge to safe disposal or treatment are often unaffordable to low-income households. Cross-subsidies have been suggested to fund services for low-income households but there are no academic studies assessing this funding mechanism. This study analyses empirical financial and operational data shared by a formal service provider in Kigali, Rwanda who is establishing a cross-subsidy model between corporate and high-income households, and low-income households in informal settlements. A semi-mechanical method is used to serve households which cannot be accessed from the road by an exhauster truck. We find that mechanical emptying is gross profitable when exhauster trucks are fully used, particularly large volume and corporate customers. Transferring sludge between vehicles for efficient transport reduces average cost. Cross-subsidies are found to be a viable funding method and a ten-fold increase in mechanical emptying by the service provider would generate 466,876 Int$ (2022 international dollars) gross profit to fund a cross-subsidy for all low-income households in Kigali which require semi-mechanical emptying. This study highlights the opportunities that city authorities have to organise funding to cross-subsidise emptying for low-income households. In addition, by using data from operational records rather than self-reported estimates the reliability of cost estimates is in improved. Further research is required to understand customer group size, demand and emptying frequencies to determine the structure of a citywide cross-subsidy.

Оптимізація режимів взаємодії магістрального та міського пасажирського транспорту м. Кременчук

The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal value of the number of vehicles on the route network of Kremenchuk in the interaction of mainline and internal passenger transport by organizing the work of participants in the transport process of moving passengers during the transition from mainline (car, railway, river) to urban (trolley buses, buses, route taxis) transport. Optimization of the interaction was carried out according to the criterion of reducing the total reduced costs. A generalized criterion for assessing the total costs of participants in the transport process is proposed, which tends to be minimized as a result of the organization of transportation. The passenger capacity of a unit of rolling stock of mainline passenger transport differs from the passenger capacity of a unit of rolling stock of urban passenger transport. Taking into account that urban passenger transport operates in conditions of significant fluctuations in passenger flows, there are periods when the loading of rolling stock exceeds the nominal capacity, that is, the static coefficient of utilization of the passenger capacity of rolling stock is greater than one. The greater the number of vehicles of urban passenger transport, which ensures its interaction with mainline transport, on the route, the shorter the waiting time of passengers, which reduces social costs, but the higher the operating costs of the carrier. The combination of these aspects will allow to balance both the economic effect of the provision of transport services and the social aspect, which has a direct positive effect on the development of the interaction of highway passenger transport with city transport and the city as a whole. The search for ways to reduce the total costs can improve the level of quality of passenger transportation in the interaction of highway and urban transport. Using transport services as a generalizing criterion allows you to determine a compromise between the interests of the provider of transport services (carrier) and the consumer of services (passenger). The optimal value of the number of vehicles on the city's route network is directly proportional to the cost of transport service time and inversely proportional to the operating costs of the carrier's enterprise. Also, the increase in passenger turnover, which goes from highway to city passenger transport, and the length of the route, which determines the turnover time, requires an increase in the number of vehicles.

Knowledge base for fatigue life evaluation of bodyworks of buses, trolley-buses, and battery-buses

Over the last thirty years, Research and Testing Institute Pilsen (former SKODA RESEARCH) has been developing a complex methodology of computational and experimental investigation of strength and fatigue life of bodyworks of road vehicles for mass passenger transport (buses, trolleybuses, currently battery electro-buses). The methodology continues to be developed in cooperation with the Regional Technological Institute, which is a research center of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. Research and development are carried out in cooperation with various domestic and foreign manufacturers of city road vehicles. The amount of collected results already allows the creation of a knowledge base for the quantitative evaluation of the fatigue strength of newly developed bodyworks.

Integration of a hydrogen fuel cell into an electric vehicle for mainline cargo transportation

The paper considers the issue of providing electric power to electric traction tractors. The importance of using electric vehicles from the point of view of the environmental situation is described. The use of electric motors for mainline cargo transportation is justified. In this regard, improving the performance of cargo transportation systems is always an urgent task. Increasing the indicators of efficiency, environmental riendliness, reliability and ergonomics within the framework of traditional power plants used today seems unpromising. In this regard, the application of fundamentally new technical solutions in road freight transport is more relevant. The article provides the rationale for choosing a tractor prototype. Such a car is the KAMAZ-54901. It describes how the layout of the placement of the main units and assemblies in the design of an electric vehicle will be changed. The main difference between the proposed design and classic electric vehicles is the possibility of using hydrogen elements to provide electric energy to the engines. The principle of operation of a hydrogen fuel cell is described.

Time-sequential probabilistic fermatean hesitant approach in multi-objective green solid transportation problems for sustainable enhancement

In order to delineate the randomness and imprecision in a single framework of time-sequential information, we proposed the notion of a time-sequential probabilistic fermatean hesitant set (TS-PFHS). Triangular time-sequential probabilistic fermatean hesitant number (Tr-TS-PFHN) is also initiated as a triangular version of TS-PFHS along with its fundamental operations and a ranking function. For the employment of our proposed set, we formulated a solid transportation problem (STP) with multiple objectives with TS-PFHS parameters for a sustainable green environment. Consequently, we proposed an algorithm by utilizing fuzzy programming (FP) and weighted sum technique (WST) to address proposed green transportation model. Additionally, to highlight the significance of the suggested technique, a numerical instance based on the transportation of electric vehicles in India is also investigated. Finally, conclusion along with the future prospects and limitations of the work done are discussed.

Development of Synchronous Transportation Model for Trackless Vehicle Dispatching During the Construction of Long‐Distance Single‐Headed Shield Tunnel

With the increasing demands for long‐distance single‐headed tunnels, trackless vehicles have been widely accepted for transporting construction materials from storage yard to working face. During the trackless transportation of construction materials, the synchronization of material supply and shield tunneling is critical to ensure tunneling efficiency. However, there is still a lack of a reliable synchronous transportation model for trackless vehicle dispatching. In the present study, the material transportation processes and vehicle transportation parameters have been investigated based on the Sutong GIL Yangtze River Crossing Cable Tunnel. The synchronous transportation model has been established to improve transportation efficiency during the construction stage. An optimized scheme of vehicle schedule has been proposed to minimize trackless vehicle and retention time. Comparative analysis has been carried out to evaluate the trackless vehicle and retention time between the optimized scheme and the original scheme. The results indicate that the number of dual‐headed trucks required for material transportation decreases from nine to six, and the maximum retention time decreases from 166 to 35 min. Compared with the original scheme, the optimized scheme is available for reducing the number of trackless vehicles and improving the efficiency of material transportation. The present study contributes to optimizing material transport scheduling and synchronizing material supply with tunnel excavation in long‐distance single‐headed shield tunnels.

МЕХАНІЗМИ ІНТУЇТИВНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В СФЕРІ АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

Automobile transportation is designated as the primary agent for ensuring the development of the economy and the needs of the population for vehicle and passenger transportation. To increase the level of efficiency in the management of transport enterprises, it is necessary to completely stagnate the potential of various classical and innovative approaches to the management of enterprises. The purpose of this article is to highlight the features of intuitive management and its mechanisms in the context of improved management of road transport. The importance of the features of intuitive management is revealed by examining the essence of the concept of “intuition”, which forms the basis for this type of management. Foreign descendants define intuition as a specific mental process. Ukrainians have long defined intuition as a special mental state, a type of mental activity and a mental process. Intuitive management is understood as the totality of management approaches, which are based on the induction of managers, to a specific mental process, which obviously does not correspond to the rational adoption of management decisions, which are important based on economic-mathematical design and are based on economic-technological indicators of the activities of enterprises, for example, indicators of activity in the sphere automobile transport. For motor transport enterprises, it is recommended to develop internal regulations that regulate the ability to make management decisions based on intuition and clear communication for making management decisions based on intuition. For motor transport enterprises, it is recommended to develop internal documents (regulations, instructions, recommendations) to regulate the possibility of making management decisions based on intuition and certain exchanges wife for making management decisions based on intuition. Recommendations are based on firm assumptions that the intuition of managers is sufficiently reasonable. The synergy of rationality and intuition can provide the greatest strength to the management of motor transport enterprises.

A time-series approach for estimated time of arrival prediction in autonomous vehicles

Autonomous Vehicles are expected to play a pivotal role in the future of transportation. While huge accomplishments have been conducted in this field during the recent years, the main field of relevant research is primarly private transportation. Public transport (PT), especially in urban areas, although equally important, is lagging behind when the technological breakthroughs are considered. One of the main PT desiderata is punctual arrival. Therefore, this paper deals with the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) issue, tackled as a time-series problem, using contemporary Gradient Boosting (GB) methods, in order to benefit both commuters and stakeholders. The GB methods used are eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machines (LightGBM), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost). This study proposes a competitive ETA methodology for Autonomous Shuttles, providing encouraging results both in the field of Research & Innovation for Autonomous Vehicles and Public Transport, being able to be expanded for commercial purposes.