Transmission Of Video Streams Research Articles

A cloud-fog scalable video streaming architecture for multimedia internet of things devices

Cloud computing can be used to provide guaranteed quality of video services. On the other hand, fog computing can lower the transmission costs by using collaborative machine-to-machine and near-user edge communications. In this paper, a cloud-fog scalable video streaming architecture for multimedia internet of things (IoT) devices is proposed, where fog nodes can collaborate with the rented cloud servers for efficiently delivering the requiring video frames to multimedia IoT devices. The proposed architecture strengthens the stability of the video streaming transmission and improves the quality of service (QoS) of multimedia IoT services with cloud-fog computing techniques. Simulation results show that the proposed cloud-fog scalable video streaming architecture can provide smooth video streaming services to multimedia IoT devices with low-cost than traditional video streaming approaches.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERFORMANSI TRANSMISI VIDEO DENGAN UNICAST PADA WLAN IEEE 802.11ac

<p>Network technology is now advancing with increasing speed of data provided. This is spurred by the rapid increase in real time data needs in various fields such as education, entertainment, sports and for business purposes. With the IEEE 802.11ac Wireless LAN technology, users will be easier to access information such as streaming video. But this is very dependent on the area of the wireless LAN network coverage available in a building or campus environment. The capture power of Access Point signals in one location will be different from other locations, so the quality of the resulting video streaming is different for each location. This study aims to analyze the performance of two different video formats, namely MPEG-4 and H.264. The research method of MPEG-4 and H.264 streaming video transmission through IEEE 802.11ac WLAN uses experimental methods for performance evaluation of two different protocols HTTP and UDP based on parameters of delay, packet loss and throughput. After doing the research, then getting the results using the HTTP protocol all the parameters are better for the H.264 format video, whereas for the UDP protocol all the parameters are better used for the type of video format MPEG 4.</p>

Wireless video transmission into the MRI magnet room: implementation and evaluation at 1.5T, 3T and 7T

Purpose To analyze the interference between a wireless high definition multimedia interface (WHDMI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image quality at 1.5T, 3T and 7T. Materials and methods A wireless video transmission system (WVTS) consisting of a WHDMI and a projector was used to transmit and display a video stream into the magnet room. MR image quality was analyzed at 1.5T, 3T and 7T. Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR¯) $(\overline {{\rm{SNR}}} )$ and radio frequency (RF)-noise spectrum were measured at three transmitter positions (A: inside the cabin, B: in front of the waveguide and C: in the control room). WVTS system functionality tests included measurements of reliability, delay and image quality. Results With the WVTS mean SNR¯ $\overline {{\rm{SNR}}} $ values significantly decreased in comparison to the reference for all positions and fieldstrenghts, while the spectra's baseline is elevated at 1.5T and 3T. Peaks related to continuous wave interferences are apparent at all field strenghts. For WHDMI alone mean SNR¯ $\overline {{\rm{SNR}}} $ values were stable without significant differences to the reference. No elevation of the spectra's baseline could be observed. Functionality measurements confirmed high connection reliability with stable image quality and no delays for all field strengths. Conclusion We conclude that wireless transmission of video streams into the MRI magnet room is feasible at all field strengths without hampering image quality.

Game-theoretic network bandwidth distribution for self-adaptive cameras

Devices sharing a network compete for bandwidth, being able to transmit only a limited amount of data. This is for example the case with a network of cameras, that should record and transmit video streams to a monitor node for video surveillance. Adaptive cameras can reduce the quality of their video, thereby increasing the frame compression, to limit network congestion. In this paper, we exploit our experience with computing capacity allocation to design and implement a network bandwidth allocation strategy based on game theory, that accommodates multiple adaptive streams with convergence guarantees. We conduct some experiments with our implementation and discuss the results, together with some conclusions and future challenges.

Efficient high-resolution video delivery over VANETs

The adoption of video-equipped vehicles in Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is experiencing a rapid growth. It is also anticipated a substantial increase in the video content distribution with the arrival of self-driving cars as both passengers and vehicles will be able to produce and consume this type of media. This unveils a set of challenges, especially in VANETs where the network resources tend to be scarce and the connections suffer from time-varying error conditions. Taking everything into consideration, a Quality of Experience (QoE)-driven mechanism is desirable to enhance the video delivery over error-prone networks. To this end, the combined use of forward error correction and unequal error protection has proven its efficiency in delivering high-quality videos with low network overhead. The proposed intelligent quality-driven and network-aware mechanism (AntArmour) uses an ant colony optimization scheme to dynamically allocate a precise amount of redundancy. This allows AntArmour to safeguard, in real-time, the live transmission of high-resolution video streams. This operation is performed according to specific high efficiency video coding details and the actual network conditions such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the network density, the vehicle’s position, and the current packet loss rate (PLR) as well as the prediction of future PLR. The experiments were performed using real map’s clippings and actual video footage. The assessment was performed with the aid of two well-known objective QoE metrics, as well as the measure of the network overhead. The results showed that the proposed mechanism outperformed all its competitors in both video quality improvement and network overhead decrement.

The dynamic video resource balanced processing technology for decrease of information intensity in infocommunica-tion systems

In article the video stream balanced processing technology for decrease in information intensity of infocommunication systems is created. It is justified shortcomings of intraframe syntax coding methods of the predicted frames for information processing technologies and video stream transmission. It is justified basic approaches for enhancement of transforms syntax coding technologies with formation of the discrete line items identifiers space of the two-dimensional structural-spectral description. Effective syntax representation of the transformed segments of P-type frames on the basis of one-dimensional double-base object and positional coding in the conditions of conjugate elements flexible inequality is developed. Creation of non-uniform length context-dependent identifier vector reconstruction of the DPS space method is explained.

Multipath Routing to Improve Quality of Service for Video Streaming Over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Providing quality of service (QoS) for real-time multimedia applications such as video streaming in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is an important challenge. MANETs are characterized by lack of fixed infrastructure, dynamic topology, and limited resources that make more difficult multimedia applications transport and run on this networks. To overcome this challenge, video coding techniques combined to multiple routing paths (multipath) is a promising technique for supporting transmission of multiple video streams with appropriate QoS over mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, firstly, many issues and different techniques for video streaming over MANET have been reviewed and secondly two multi paths routing protocols (M-AODV and MDSDV) have been evaluated in order to improve QoS for real-time multimedia applications. Results show that none of these two protocols is better than the other. In certain situations (throughput and load network with high mobility) is M-AODV but in others (network load and reliability for large-scale network) is MDSDV protocol which displays good performance. It is also noted that these two protocols provide between acceptable and good quality and a small jitter regardless of nodes number in medium mobility.

Research on Logistics Solutions for Dangerous Chemical Products

The objective of this paper is to design and realize the logistic monitoring system for dangerous chemical products. As for problems of robbery accidents and leakage accidents during the transportation process of dangerous chemical products, the identification and tracking technology on moving objects in the real-time video stream transmission and video sequence are the main research objects; and the specific discussion and research on the video monitoring technology in the logistic monitor system of dangerous chemical products is carried out based on the research on theory principle and technology realization of existing video technology. The real-time transmission of video stream is achieved by collecting the video of YUV4:2:2 form, video coding & compression of H264 form and using RTP protocol, so that the identification and tracking on moving objects in the video sequence can be achieved. The experiment result indicates that the logistic monitoring system for dangerous chemical products designed in this paper can be effectively applied to identify the moving objects. Therefore, the logistic monitoring system for dangerous chemical products can be used to improve the stability and effectiveness of the transportation of dangerous chemical products.

New robust decoding scheme-aware channel condition for video streaming transmission

H.264 standard, known as an efficient video codec, is still sensitive to transmission errors. This issue is achieved by several error resilience/concealment techniques, to deal with packet losses. Whereas, these typical techniques are not suited for streaming video transmission which requires high quality. In fact, since the H.264 standard provides different type of frame, these techniques don’t give high priority to I frames. Moreover, video transmission over error prone channel has increased greatly. These facts provided the necessary to propose a new technique to deal with errors in video streaming over noisy channels. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, named novel robust decoding algorithm-aware channel conditions for video streaming (denoted as RDVS). The main idea of RDVS is to estimate CAVLC sequence by exploiting the bitstream structure and the semantic property. Obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy which outperforms the existing state-of-the-art Robust Decoding strategies.

Demonstration of 60 GHz millimeter-wave short-range wireless communication system at 3.5 Gbps over 5 m range

Millimeter-wave communication has received considerable attention for use in new-generation broadband wireless communication because of the scarcity of microwave band spectrum resources. The unlicensed frequency band at 60 GHz is suitable for indoor short-range broadband communication. In this paper, we introduce a 60 GHz millimeter-wave short-range wireless communication demo system adhering to the IEEE 802.11ad standard and targeting high-definition video streaming transmission. The system uses single-carrier transmission with frequency-domain equalization. The hardware prototype consists of a 65-nm CMOS radio-frequency front-end and a baseband transceiver for the physical layer functions. Important baseband technologies such as carrier synchronization, phase noise compensation, frequency-domain equalization, and low-density parity-check decoding based on probability calculation are also discussed. The system performance is demonstrated in an experiment on high-definition video transmission, where a data rate of 3.52 Gbps is achieved with a quadrature phase-shift keying signal over a distance of 5.109 m.

Multiple Video Delivery in m-Health Emergency Applications

M-health services are expected to become increasingly relevant in the management of emergency situations by enabling real-time support of remote medical experts. In this context, the transmission of multiple health-related video streams from an ambulance to a remote hospital can improve the efficacy of the teleconsultation service, but requires a large bandwidth to meet the desired quality, not always guaranteed by the mobile network. In order to deliver the multiple streams over a single bandwidth-limited wireless access channel, in this paper we propose a novel optimization framework that enables to classify the available video sources and to automatically select and adapt the best streams to transmit. The camera ranking algorithm jointly works with a cross-layer adaptation strategy for multiple scalable streams to achieve different objectives and/or tradeoffs in terms of number and target quality of the transmitted videos. The final goal of the optimization is to dynamically adjust the overall transmitted throughput to meet the actual available bandwidth, while being able to provide high quality to diagnostic video sequences and lower quality to less critical ambient videos. Numerical simulations considering a realistic emergency scenario with long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) connectivity show that the proposed content/context-aware solution is able to automatically select the best sources of information from a visual point of view and to achieve optimal end-to-end video quality for both the diagnostic and the ambient videos.

Playout buffer and DRX aware scheduling scheme for video streaming over LTE system

In this study, a playout buffer and discontinuous reception (DRX) aware scheduling scheme (PBDAS) is proposed to improve the video streaming transmission over the long term evolution systems by considering the characteristics of both the DRX mechanism and the HTTP streaming. First, to reconcile the three mechanisms, the metric called remaining playout time (RPT) is proposed, which can be used to estimate the playout status of the clients. With the RPT, the scheduler can accurately differentiate the urgency among the clients. Then, a two level resource allocation schemes is proposed. In the scheduler, the upper level is responsible for determining the scheduling set, while the lower level will be in charge of allocating the resource to the user equipments (UEs) in the set. With the scheduling set, the priority of the UEs can be accurately distinguished. For different scheduling set, different forms of metrics are designed, with which both the efficiency of the radio resource and the playout continuity can be significantly improved. In addition, a playout buffer level estimation method is given to improve the feasibility of the implementation of PBDAS. By analysing the behaviour of the playout buffer, the buffer level can be estimated with the cumulative serving rate and the HTTP streaming information, which can be obtained in the eNodeB and from the quality of experience reports, respectively. The simulation results show that PBDAS can shorten the total interruption duration of the existing schemes by about 50% as well as keep the power consumption at a low level.

Video transmission in mobile ad hoc networks using multiple interfaces and multiple channels

SummaryMobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are an important part of wireless communications and the increasing use of mobile devices is confirming that. MANETs can be of great value in Emergency Response situations where communication between mobile deployed units is critical and wired or wireless infrastructures may not be present or functional. In emergency scenarios, multimedia communication is very important for decision making and situation assessment. This requires up‐to‐date (on‐line) information feed on the situation, including voice and video from the affected zone. However, MANETs do not seem to efficiently support multimedia applications, and this is quite evident in video transmission. One way to remedy this is to use more (wireless) interfaces per mobile node and consequently more communication channels. In this work, we perform an analytical study on the use of multiple interfaces and multiple channels (MIMC) in video transmission with respect to the requirements of Emergency Response Ad hoc Networks. More specifically, we examine and present the impact of using MIMC on MANETs during video transmission applications, we evaluate the performance of three basic routing protocols in MANETs, and we propose a channel selection mechanism in MANET nodes with MIMC for enhanced video transmission. In addition, we evaluate video transmission streams with rate adaptation and present comparative results. The proposed mechanism is evaluated using the ns‐2 network simulator and the simulations are performed for a variety of topologies. Simulation results show that the different routing protocols respond differently when MIMC is introduced. The Ad hoc On‐Demand Multipath Distance Vector and (especially) the Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector routing protocols benefit significantly, while the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector shows fewer improvements. The proposed mechanism is shown to be beneficial for transmitting video streams and enhances the network's ability to accommodate more streams and reduce packet delay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

QoS optimal real-time video streaming in distributed wireless image-sensing platforms

This paper provides a novel real-time video streaming method in distributed wireless image-sensing platforms. It consists of (1) a millimeter-wave (mmW)-based multi-hop routing optimization for real-time video streaming, (2) wireless image-sensing platforms by using the high-efficiency video coding. A mmW wireless communication is a promising technology for increasing capacity in next-generation wireless systems. However, the weakness of mmW signals to (1) do long-distance transmission and (2) survive in non-line-of-sight environments makes the mmW networks need a multi-hop relaying. Thus, this paper focuses on the maximization of video transmission quality of service (QoS) that makes the optimization problem different from the conventional sum-rate maximization. Specifically, this paper develops an algorithm that optimizes the summation of QoS of the individual wireless transmission of different video streams, subject to constraints of separate streams (i.e., minimum requirements in each stream). Experimental results show the proposed approach presents 32 % better performance with 1.84 dB gain in Y-peak signal-to-noise ratio than the widely used max–min flow routing that is generally considered in QoS-sensitive video streaming applications.

SatCare: remote ultrasound support for ambulance clinicians in medical emergencies

In time-critical medical emergencies occurring in remote prehospital environments, reliable broadband connectivity could potentially allow enhanced interaction between ambulance clinicians and hospital-based emergency medical experts, involving transmission of simple audio and video streams as well as physiological monitoring data and ultrasound images. The result could be enhanced decision support outside the hospital leading to better prehospital management (eg surgical management of pneumothorax, thrombolysis decisions, or decisions on whether hospital transfer is required), potentially better decisions about the appropriate destination hospital (eg those offering specialist facilities such as percutaneous vascular intervention or neurosurgery) and more streamlined management on arrival in hospital (eg immediate transfer to a staffed operating theatre). This could potentially result in improved survival, reduced morbidity and consequent reduced health service and social costs. We will conduct a randomised trial of a process where ambulance paramedics manage patients and perform ultrasound scans with remote support from an expert in emergency medicine and point-of-care ultrasound at the receiving hospital. One thousand patients with breathlessness, chest pain, cardiovascular shock, abdominal pain or suspected fractures will be randomly assigned to receive the enhanced communications package including remotely-supported ultrasound scanning, or usual care. The main outcome will be health-related quality of life 6 months later. We will conduct a rigorous economic analysis yielding estimates of cost per quality-adjusted life year. A detailed process analysis will examine implementation of protocols and evaluate which components proved most and least successful. We hope to create a body of evidence to inform future policy on prehospital care.This abstract was presented at the Innovative Solutions in Remote Healthcare - 'Rethinking Remote' conference, 23-24 May 2016, Inverness, Scotland.

Energy-Efficient Adaptive Transmission of Scalable Video Streaming in Cognitive Radio Communications

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology to alleviate spectrum shortage and satisfy the huge demand of bandwidth for multimedia streaming in future mobile computing systems. The inherent features of CR pose tough challenges in provisioning quality of service (QoS) for acceptable user experience and minimizing energy consumption for multimedia transmissions. In this paper, scalable video coding and transmission rate adaptation are jointly considered in an energy-efficient scheme for transmissions of streaming media over CR with QoS guarantee. An event-driven discrete-time Markov control process model is introduced to formulate the QoS-guaranteed energy-efficient transmission problem as a constrained stochastic optimization problem. Based on estimations of potentials and the difference between performance measurement and QoS requirement, an online policy iteration algorithm is proposed to optimize energy consumption under QoS constraints directly. By exploiting the system dynamics, this algorithm does not depend on any prior knowledge of channel availability or fading statistics, and it can converge to a near optimum with a low computational burden. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

병렬 TCP 통신을 이용한 스마트폰 실시간 스트리밍 서비스

ABSTRACT This paper proposed an efficient multiple TCP mechanism using Android smartphones for remote control video Wi-Fi stream transmission via network communications in real time. The wireless video stream transmission mechanism can be applied in various area such as real time server stream transmissions, movable drones, disaster robotics and real time security monitoring systems. Moreover, we urgently need to transmit data in timely fashion such as medical emergency, security surveillance and disaster prevention. Our parallel TCP transmission system can play an important role in several area such as real time server st ream transmissions, movable drones, disaster robotics and real time security monitoring systems as mentioned in the previous sentence. Therefore, we designed and implemented a parallel TCP transmission (parallel stream) for an efficient real time video streaming services. In conclusion, we evaluated proposed mechanism using parallel TCP transmission under various environments with performance analysis.

A priority-based adaptive scheme for multi-view live streaming over HTTP

Adaptive streaming over Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) has been widely used for the transmission of video content. Most of the existing studies about HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) concentrate on improving resource efficiency, fairness among users, and quality of service for single-source videos. However, there is a growing number of live streaming applications, such as video-casts of courses, where service providers want to transmit video streams of different scenes simultaneously over the bandwidth-constrained network. Since concurrent streams further deteriorate the insufficient bandwidth situation, a systematic solution is highly needed to utilize the resources efficiently and guarantee the quality of multi-view video services. In this paper, we propose a priority-based adaptive scheme for multi-view live streaming based on HTTP streaming. Firstly, we adopt an integrated bandwidth prediction approach to calculate the available bandwidth, solving the low bandwidth utilization problem existing in the benchmark method. Secondly, we design a unified segment request strategy to restrict the interval between each request, and guarantee the synchronization of different live video streams. Finally, an adaptive scheduling algorithm is proposed with respect to priorities, to dynamically adjust the quality level of multiple video streams and improve the quality of multi-view video service. Simulations show that the proposed scheme makes considerable improvements compared to the benchmarks.

Wireless live streaming video of laparoscopic surgery: a bandwidth analysis for handheld computers.

Over the last six years, streaming media has emerged as a powerful tool for delivering multimedia content over networks. Concurrently, wireless technology has evolved, freeing users from desktop boundaries and wired infrastructures. At the University of Kentucky Medical Center, we have integrated these technologies to develop a system that can wirelessly transmit live surgery from the operating room to a handheld computer. This study establishes the feasibility of using our system to view surgeries and describes the effect of bandwidth on image quality. A live laparoscopic ventral hernia repair was transmitted to a single handheld computer using five encoding speeds at a constant frame rate, and the quality of the resulting streaming images was evaluated. No video images were rendered when video data were encoded at 28.8 kilobytes per second (Kbps), the slowest encoding bitrate studied. The highest quality images were rendered at encoding speeds greater than or equal to 150 Kbps. Of note, a 15 second transmission delay was experienced using all four encoding schemes that rendered video images. We believe that the wireless transmission of streaming video to handheld computers has tremendous potential to enhance surgical education. For medical students and residents, the ability to view live surgeries, lectures, courses and seminars on handheld computers means a larger number of learning opportunities. In addition, we envision that wireless enabled devices may be used to telemonitor surgical procedures. However, bandwidth availability and streaming delay are major issues that must be addressed before wireless telementoring becomes a reality.

Abstract TP245: Feasibility of Mobile, Wearable Telestroke Devices

Background: Wearable technologies offer potential telestroke applications that are more mobile and potentially less expensive than traditional telemedicine carts. In an earlier, pilot phase of this research program the best performing software and hardware combination for transmission of encrypted video and audio streaming was selected for further testing. Method: We tested Vuzix M100 smart glasses device and Pristine EyeSight HIPAA-compliant video streaming services. The device wearers, emergency physicians, performed the NIHSS, and a remote vascular neurologist or neurology resident viewed the exam. Providers recorded their score and evaluated the functionality of the device with a standardized list of questions. Results: The device was assessed in 52 subjects. The providers wearing the device reported the device useful (Agree or Strongly Agree) in making an assessment in 79% of cases and that they could assess the patient well 90% of the time. However, the wearers also reported both distraction from and interference with patient interaction due to the device in 98% of cases evaluated. The viewers also reported finding the device useful in making an assessment of stroke symptoms in 79% of cases (a different set of 79% than the wearers), but in only 65% of cases did they Agree or Strongly Agree that they could assess the patient well. Viewers reported an inadequate field of view for visual field testing in 63% of cases. The inter-rater agreement between the wearer and viewer on the total NIHSS showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.45). Although the technology was easy to use in 92% of the assessments, technical problems (mainly connectivity lags) were reported by the wearer 46% of the time and by the viewer 31% of the time. The technology was rated inadequate for assessing patients in 1 case by the wearers and 3 cases by the viewers. Conclusion: Wearable smart glass technology is feasible in assessing stroke patients and shows promise as a telestroke solution, however interference with physician-patient interaction, limited field of view for visual field testing and connectivity glitches are perceived limitations.