Indonesian Translation Research Articles

Advancing cross-cultural soundscape research: updates from the Soundscape Attributes Translation Project (SATP)

The Soundscape Attributes Translation Project (SATP) addresses linguistic barriers in soundscape research, translating ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 descriptors into various languages for global use. This paper presents recent updates from national working groups, including translations in Turkish, French, Indonesian, Albanian, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Dutch, and Spanish. A preliminary validation of all the current 18 SATP translations assesses cross-cultural robustness. SATP employs diverse methods for translation, fostering international collaboration. The preliminary validation evaluates the reliability and validity of translated descriptors across languages. Most languages maintain the quasi-circumplex structure of the original soundscape model. English, Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, Dutch, German, Greek, Indonesian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish achieve a "High" confidence level. French, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Portuguese, and Vietnamese show varying confidence levels, emphasizing the need for rigorous validation criteria. SATP advances global soundscape research, with updates from national working groups contributing to cross-cultural relevance. Preliminary validation results affirm the quasi-circumplex structure's maintenance in most languages, emphasizing the project's commitment to comprehensive and globally applicable soundscape research instruments.

Translation Method of Emotional Expression in Daniel Keyes’ The Minds of Billy Milligan

This study examines the English to Indonesian translation of emotional expressions depicted in Daniel Keyes’s novel “The Minds of Billy Milligan” and its Indonesian translation “24 Wajah Billy.” The primary objectives are to describe the emotional expressions portrayed by the main character and to analyze the methods applied in translating these emotional expressions from English to Indonesian. Employing David Krech’s emotional classification theory and drawing on Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation methods, this qualitative descriptive research identifies 28 emotional classification data in the novel. Eight types of emotion classifications were identified, including 13 instances of fear, 6 instances of anger, 3 instances of hate, 2 instances of happiness, 1 instance of pain, 1 instance of guilt and regret, 1 instance of pride and shame, and 1 instance of love. The translation applies six translation methods used in 39 instances borrowing, literal, transposition, modulation, equivalent, and adaptation. Each emotion is translated using different translation methods. The application of these six methods is divided into three variants: single with 18 instances, couplet with 9 instances, and triplet with 1 instance. The literal method is the most frequently used in translating emotional expression. The translation method aims to preserve the essence of the narrative from the source language to the target language.

THE UNIQUE TRANSLATION STRATEGY OF NOVEL TITLES

Titles of literary works such as novels plays an important role in attracting possible readers. Novel titles should also reflect the contents of the books. When a book is translated to other languages, the title should be translated accordingly. Novel titles are not always translated literally in the target language, they may vary from one country to another. For example, in “Harry Potter and the philosopher stone” in the UK, the phrase ‘philosopher stone’ is translated into ‘sorcerer’s stone’ in the US and ‘batu bertuah’ (miracle stone) in Indonesia. In French it is even translated into ‘Harry Potter a l’ecole des sorciers’ (Harry Potter in the school of witches). This study aims to investigate the translation strategies of English novel titles to Indonesian. By searching the internet and from private book collection, the writer collect 50 English novels which have been translated and published in Indonesian. Based on the writer’s personal preference, all the novels belong to thriller/suspense genre. The data collected were 50 English titles and their translations in Indonesian. Before arriving at this number of data, a preliminary selection has been done by eliminating the target text titles that were using literal translation strategy. This is deliberately done to discover the unique translation strategy of novel titles and to find out the reason for the specific translation strategy. Three main theories are used to analyse the novel titles, they are functions of title translation as suggested by Nord (2005) and Viezzi model translation (2013) and Vinay & Dalbernet (1995) translation strategies. In translating the titles, equivalence is pursued, but if it is not possible, there are other ways to accomplish it. The results show strategies such as adaptation, modulation, equivalence, and transposition are used to translate novel titles to Indonesian. Meanwhile based on Viezzi model, the target titles are categorised into explicit, indicative of the genre, suggestive, and seductive. This study would raise the translators’ awareness to choose more communicative and creative titles for literary translation tasks, including novels and other literary works.

THE DESCRIPTION OF CAKE APPLICATION ASSISTANCE TO THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL AT SMA SWASTA ST XAVERIUS GUNUNGSITOLI

This study aims to describe the assistance of the cake application in learning a speaking skill and to describe the students’ reason for utilizing the cake application in learning the students' speaking skills. The research was conducted in class X at SMA Swasta Santu Xaverius Gunungsitoli with a total of 20 students. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations and interviews. The results show that students use the cake application and can utilize the cake application in speaking skill. Students take advantage of it by studying the video menu, conversation dialogue, and path menu. The most frequently utilized by students is the conversation dialogue menu because this menu is very complete. Students can learn speaking, dialogue with native speakers, students can see errors the pronunciation in dialogue sentences, and students are also helped by explanations at the end of the dialogue and equipped with Indonesian translations. However, students also need to actively practice and interact with fellow students and native English speakers

ACCURACY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF THE WELLERMAN’S FOLKSONG TRANSLATION

An English folksong entitled The Wellerman became popular in Indonesia recently. Therefore, the accuracy and acceptability in folksong were important to be investigated. This paper reported the accuracy and acceptability of English into Indonesian translation in a folksong entitled The Wellerman. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. In addition, this research combined with purposive sampling technique. Nababan translation quality assessment framework was used to investigate the accuracy and acceptability of the folksong. The whole The Wellerman’s lyrics consist of 28 lines which was then assessed by the raters in terms of its accuracy and acceptability. The raters were 2 translators and 1 writer. The raters were purposely chosen to conduct reliable results of the accuracy and acceptability. This study found the average score of the accuracy was 2. 35 with 198 total scores and the average score of the acceptability was 2.48 with 209 total scores. The result indicates that the translation was relatively accurate and acceptable for the raters. However, it needs further improvement to maintain the context of the source text (ST) in the target text (TT) to reach an accuracy and acceptability in The Wellerman folksong. This study implied that it is crucial to maintain the imagery, narration, and the context of folksong translation.

A proposed semantic keywords search engine for Indonesian Qur’an translation based on word embedding

Obtaining relevant information from the Holy Qur’an can be really challenging for people who cannot speak Arabic, such as the Indonesian people. One technology implementation which is commonly used to tackle this problem is to develop a search engine application for Al-Qur’an verses. This paper proposes a search engine based on semantic representation keywords for the Indonesian translation of the Al-Qur’an which consists of 3 phases i.e., data preparation, document representation, and search engine development. In the first stage, the Al-Qur’an dataset was built using the official translation of the Al-Qur’an from the Ministry of Religion and then enriched with the Wikipedia corpus. The second phase is document representation which produces feature vectors by utilizing the Word2Vec algorithm. Finally, the development of a search engine that can find the most relevant verses by calculating the cosine similarity between the document and the keywords. It was found that the proposed search engine succeeded in exceeding the performance of ordinary search engines by finding wider information due to the use of semantic keywords. Apart from that, the proposed search engine succeeded in maintaining the relevance of search results by achieving precision and recall levels of 98.7% and 97.3% respectively.

Analisis Metode Penerjemahan dalam Novel “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”

Comparing the translation of literary works and the translation of scientific texts shows the differences in terms of complexity and challenges. One example of a literary work is a novel. Novels with figurative language and idiomatic expressions certainly need to be translated accurately for the target readers. This study aims to explain the translation methods used in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data sources in this study are taken from the original English novel published by D. Appleton and Co in 1866 and the Indonesian translation translated by Inkraian in 2015 published through wattpad. The research was conducted using the translation method proposed by Newmark (1998). The results show that there are seven translation methods used in translating Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, namely 6 data for literal translation, 6 data for free translation, 5 data for faithful translation, 4 data for communicative translation, 4 data for adaptation translation, 3 data for semantic translation, and 2 data for idiomatic translation.

Special Features of Self-Access English Learning Pandemic Modules

In the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture developed special English self-access learning modules for grade IX students. These modules are intended to facilitate the students in studying English at home by themselves. There are special features in these modules that are especially provided for the students. These special features are worth to be investigated. The aim of this research is to explain the special features provided by the writers in the self-access English learning modules. This research is a content analysis research. It is found that there are five special features in these modules. These special features include 1) detailed objectives of each unit, 2) roles of the teacher and parents table, 3) Indonesian translation for the instructions, 4) graded scaffolding activities, and 5) detailed answer keys. Hopefully, this research would give new insights upon self-access English learning materials especially for special nationwide conditions.

An Analysis of Types of English Slang Words and Strategies for Their Indonesian Translation in the Chappie Movie

An Analysis of Types of English Slang Words and Strategies for Their Indonesian Translation in the Chappie Movie

Factors associated with skilled birth attendance in 37 low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of nationally representative, individual-level data

Progress on skilled birth attendance (SBA) has been very uneven across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is scant empirical evidence on the role of fundamental development processes in explaining differences in SBA outcomes across world regions over time in these settings. We therefore aimed to estimate how these processes have contributed to observed changes in SBA across Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. We pooled all available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) rounds that contained detailed birth attendance information. The compiled data covers about 1·1 million births (1·1 million female individuals) from 103 DHS rounds in 37 countries. We estimated the determinants of SBA using multivariable regression techniques and Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions for different world regions and time periods (1990s, 2000s, and 2010s). We show that progress in SBA is associated with improvements in terms of household-level wealth, mothers' education, urbanisation, contraceptive knowledge, and proxies of female empowerment. Furthermore, we show that changes in the underlying relationship between SBA and specific development indicators (wealth, education, and rural residence status) have further contributed to the observed rise in SBA across LMICs. Our findings further suggest that certain determinants of improvements in SBA are region-specific (eg, importance of rural residence status in sub-Saharan Africa), whereas some of the studied processes (eg, poverty, maternal education, and urbanisation) have become less predictive for the uptake of SBA over time. Although substantial progress has been made in increasing SBA rates over the past three decades across LMICs, further efforts for continued progress are still needed to achieve international targets on SBA as part of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Every Newborn Action Plan, and the Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality initiative. According to our findings, these efforts can include general policies (eg, female empowerment) and region-specific policies (eg, poverty reduction programmes in Southeast Asia). Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. For the French and Indonesian translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Translation techniques of the positive politeness utterances in the Pay It Forward movie

This descriptive qualitative research employed the methods of observation and auto-expert judgment for the data collection and applied Brown & Levinson’s politeness theory (1987) and Molina & Albir’s translation theory (2002) for the data analysis. This research focused on finding the positive politeness strategies and the translation techniques of the utterances obtained from Pay It Forward movie as the data source. Based on the findings of the research, there were 40 utterances with positive politeness strategies as the data under analysis. The research findings, among others, showed that the strategies of Intensify interest to hearer (17.50%) and Exaggerate (17.50%) were dominantly used in the Pay It Forward movie, while the translation strategy of Established equivalent (40.00%) was mostly used in the translation of positive politeness utterances in the movie. It can be concluded here that the translator translates the positive politeness utterances of the source language (English) into the target language (Indonesian) appropriately through the Established equivalent strategy without making any significant changes to maintain the meaning relatively the same in the Indonesian translation subtitles.

Correlation between knowledge and characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in controlling blood glucose

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease, with an estimated prevalence based on the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) to increase by 46%. Community knowledge about T2DM is relatively low. Improving this level of knowledge is essential to reduce the prevalence of this disease. Objective: To determine the correlation between patients' knowledge and characteristics of T2DM. Method: Knowledge was measured using the Indonesian translation of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire 24 (DKQ-24), which was distributed to 300 patients who met the inclusion criteria. This study used the cross-sectional method. Result: The results showed that the level of knowledge obtained high knowledge with a score of ≥ 12 in 151 patients (53%), while a low level of knowledge with a score of < 12 was in 149 patients (47%). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and education, work, and blood glucose parameters. Furthermore, a high knowledge level was associated with better blood glucose control. Conclusion: This study concluded that knowledge and education determined the patient's glycemic control.

Developing Podcast-Based Learning Media for English Education Among Deaf Students

This study addresses the educational challenges faced by deaf students in Indonesia, focusing on developing and implementing a specialised Android-based application, "PODclusive," to facilitate English language learning. The research aimed to create an interactive learning tool that incorporates sign language and textual translations in both English and Indonesian, tailored to the needs of deaf learners. The methodology was a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The research and development (R&D) framework guided the application's design, development, and evaluation. Participants included a purposive sample of 30 deaf students from SLB N Pringsewu, ensuring a representation across different learning outcomes. The findings revealed that the PODclusive application significantly enhanced the learning experience for deaf students. Students demonstrated improved comprehension of English language concepts, facilitated by the application’s use of sign language video content and offline accessibility. The application was evaluated through expert reviews and user testing, receiving high validity scores for content, design, and educational impact. The implications of this study underscore the effectiveness of tailored educational technologies in addressing specific learning needs. The PODclusive application exemplifies how digital tools can enhance accessibility and engagement for deaf students, suggesting that further exploring similar technologies could be beneficial. This research contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive education, advocating for more innovative approaches to support diverse learning environments.

Kategori dan Peran Sintaksis Kata Galak dalam Bahasa Melayu Palembang

This research aims to analyze categories and the role of syntax of galak in Palembang language. The theory used is syntactic theory by Chaer (2009). Data source from the YouTube channel Pal TV Entertainment. The research method is descriptive cualitative. Data collection uses the observation method with close-knit techniques. Data analysis was carried out using the matching method. Data is presented informally and accompanied by translation in Indonesian. In Kamus Palembang-Indonesia, galak as verb means mau and sering. The results of the research show that (1) the meaning of galak in Palembang language are mau, sering, and suka; (2) syntactic categories of galak are adverb and verb; (3) galak as adverb that accompanies the verb has the role of action and quantity, galak as adverb that accompanies the adjective has the role of condition, and galak as verb has the role of action. Keywords: Palembang Malay, Syntactic Function, Syntactic Role

تعليم اللغة العربية بإستخدام طريقة لعبة البطاقة فى المدرسة الإبتدائية نور الجديد كروجيل مدينة بروبولنجو

This research explores the implementation of the Matching Card card game method in teaching Arabic at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Jadid, Krucil, Probolinggo Regency, with the aim of improving students' Arabic language skills through an interactive and fun approach. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection in the form of observations and interviews regarding the Arabic language learning process in class 3. Researchers use Matching Cards containing pictures of vocabulary, phrases or sentences in Arabic, and their translations in Indonesian, in class. The results of the research show that the Matching Card card game method is effective in increasing students' understanding of Arabic vocabulary and structure. Students demonstrated high engagement and significant improvement in the ability to use Arabic in communicative situations. This method also increases students' learning motivation, creates a fun learning environment, and strengthens social interaction between students in the classroom.

Penerjemahan Frasa Nomina Bahasa Korea ke Bahasa Indonesia dari Buku Esai Naneun Naro Salgiro Haetda ke dalam Hidup Apa Adanya: Kesalahan dan Strategi

The purposes of this research are to identify and analyze noun phrase’s translation errors and translation strategies from Korean to Indonesian that happened in an essay book titled Hidup Apa Adanya (2020), the Indonesian translation of Naneun Naro Salgiro Haetda (나는 나로 살기로 했다) (2016) by Suhyun Kim. This research is done using a descriptive-qualitative analysis method and two theories which are Translation Criticism (1988) by Peter Newmark and Translation Strategies (2016) by Zuchridin Suryawinata and Sugeng Hariyanto. The result indicates that firstly, there are six types of translation errors, which are (1) semantic error as the most found type, (2) omission, (3) word’s class and form’s change, (4) diction error, (5) word by word translation, and (6) cultural terms error. Secondly, there are nine strategies combinations such as (1) expansion and recognized translation, (2) synonymy and transposition, the most used combination, (3) synonymy, transposition, and addition, (4) synonymy, transposition, and borrowing, (5) modulation, transposition, and subtraction, (6) modulation, componential analysis, and addition, (7) borrowing and addition, (8) borrowing and transposition, and (9) borrowing, transposition, reduction, and expansion. The result also shows that the translator did not use cultural equivalent and descriptive equivalent strategies.

EPIS-RI: Indonesian translation, cultural adaptation and construct validation of an interprofessional identity measure

ABSTRACT Interprofessional Education (IPE) as a preparatory stage for Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is overlooked in some low-and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. One of the driving forces behind IPC is the development of Interprofessional Identity (IPI), which has yet to be assessed in the Indonesian context. Our study aims were translating and culturally adapting the Extended Professional Identity Scale (EPIS) and confirming its construct validity. We invited third-year students from three programs (medicine, nursing, and dietetics) without previous IPE experience to participate in the study. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), we examined the construct validity, analyzed internal consistency, and conducted a Kruskal–Wallis test to identify variations across professions. Of 513 students approached, 335 participated (response rate 65.3%). The CFA showed factor loadings ranging between .59 and .86, while correlations among subscales varied from .55 to .86. All five goodness-of-fit indices were sufficient. The internal consistency of subscales interprofessional belonging, commitment, and beliefs was .82, .84 and .87, respectively, and .90 for the overall scale. Interprofessional belonging and commitment were different among various students (p-value = .009 and .004) and the dietetics students had lower scores than other students. The Indonesian EPIS (EPIS-RI) demonstrated reliability and construct validity.

THE TRANSLATION OF SALADIN AL AYYUBI: A STUDY OF METHODS, CLARITY, AND AUDIENCE RESPONSE

The purpose of this research is to reveal the clarity of the translation in the movie Saladin Al-Ayyubi. This research uses a qualitative approach with document analysis method. The data used in this study came from the dialog sentences of the two characters' speech in the subtitle of Saladin Al-Ayyubi episode 4 on the Arabic Cartoon YouTube channel and the results of a survey conducted on respondents totaling 21 participants. To collect data, the researcher watched and observed the movie Saladin Al-Ayyubi repeatedly to transcribe the movie. After that, the researcher distributed questionnaires to classify and analyze the types of methods, clarity, and audience responses to the Arabic - Indonesian translation in the Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi film. The findings of this study are the types of methods used in the Arabic - Indonesian translation of Saladin Al-Ayyubi movie and the level of clarity of the methods used according to the audience. The researcher found five out of eight Newmark methods used in the translation, namely (1) word-by-word method; (2) semantic method; (3 free method; (4) literal method; and (5) communicative method. The level of intelligibility in the Arabic - Indonesian subtitles of Saladin Al-Ayyubi movie shows that 19% of the text is at a low level of legibility, 59% of the text is at a medium level of legibility, and 22% of the text is at a high level of legibility.

The Degree of Epistemic Modality in Poe’s the Murders in the Rue Morgue and its Indonesian Translation

The epistemic modality in detective story helps to build the mysterious atmosphere since its linguistic feature deals with the speaker’s assessment toward the assumptive truth. Readers of detective stories can be captivated by the uncertainty and probability that hinder them from uncovering the truth until the stories end. Thus, this research aims to describe the degree or value of epistemic modality in Poe’s The Murders in the Rue Morgue and its Indonesian equivalent. A descriptive translation approach is used, and a comparative analysis is employed in this research toward the source and target texts. The results show that the modal markers of low degree dominate the English original story, and of the high degree are for the Indonesian translation. However, consistency in translating the degree of epistemic modality is shown by the domination of similar value combination: High-High, Median-Median, and Low-Low. Meanwhile, the types of modal markers presenting the degree of epistemic modality are similarly used in both English and Indonesian versions of the story, except for the relational attributive clause. The English epistemic modality mostly happens in form of positive modal auxiliaries (46.8%) and the Indonesian Epistemic markers are dominated by modal adverbs (27.7%).

Translation of idiomatic Expressions in “Looking for Alaska” into Indonesian

It is still a great debate whether a translator needs to substitute idiomatic expressions in the source with the idiomatic expressions in the target language. A translator plays a significant role in connecting the author and the reader. The present research examined the Indonesian translation of English idioms encountered in the novel of Looking for Alaska by John Green. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data were sorted out from this novel as the corpus. There were 94 idioms encountered in the examined novel. The institutionalization-characterized idioms appeared the most frequent, and the least frequently employed idioms were characterized frozenness. The idioms were mostly translated through paraphrasing.Keywords: Idioms, translation, novel