Translational Perspective Research Articles

Terms for Impositive Practices in Fiction. Translation Perspectives

The article addresses problems of translating Russian nouns which denote forms of impositive communication. The theme of social tensions and struggle for position within the changing social hierarchy is central to M. Bulgakov’s works; the correct rendition of the communicative pressure exerted by his characters on each other is therefore indispensable to translation adequacy. The study explores strategies employed by translators when conveying the axiological and cultural components of several Russian nouns denoting various forms of communicative imposition (внушение, замечание, просьба, совет, развязность). The paper discusses some of the challenges experienced by translators seeking to “replant” Bulgakov’s texts into the Anglophone culture which attaches great value to communicative non-imposition.

Research on the translation of political vocabulary with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of cognitive translation

Research on the translation of political vocabulary with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of cognitive translation

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Has a Regenerative Effect in Ischemic Myocardium: An Experimental Rat Model Evaluated by SPECT-CT Assessment.

The regeneration of myocardial tissue and the improvement of myocardial activity after ischemia is one of the major areas of interest in cardiovascular research. We developed a novel experimental rat model and used it to examine the effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) on myocardial ischemia evaluated by SPECT-CT and immunohistochemistry. An open thoracotomy took place for forty adult female Wistar rats with (n = 30) or without (n = 10) surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in order to cause myocardial ischemia. Myocardial viability was evaluated via SPECT/CT 7 days before surgery, as well as at 7 and 14 days post-surgery. At day 0, 15 animals received homologous stem cells injected at the ischemic myocardium area. A SPECT/CT evaluation showed decreased activity of the myocardial cells in the left ventricle one week post-infarction. Regeneration of the ischemic myocardium fifteen days post-infarction was recorded only in animals subjected to stem cell transplantation. These findings were also confirmed by histology and immunohistochemical analysis, with the significantly higher expression of GATA4 and Nkx2.5. The positive effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the ischemic myocardium was recorded. The application of SPECT-CT allowed a clear evaluation of both the quality and quantity of the living myocardium post-infarction, leading to a new approach in the research of cardiovascular diseases. From a clinical perspective, MSCT may be beneficial when accompanied by myocardial revascularization procedures.

Protein‐Engineered Elastin Fibers as Building Blocks for The Textile‐Based Assembly of Tissue Equivalents

AbstractNative tissues feature unique hierarchical designs, in which fiber units are arranged from the bottom up in anisotropic patterns. The processing of biomaterials into fibers, followed by their textile‐like assembly into complex patterns, is therefore a promising avenue to engineer native‐like tissue replacements. Here it is shown for the first time the fabrication of meter‐long hydrogel fibers prepared from engineered elastin using a microinjection system and exploiting the catalyst‐free click chemistry. Given their similarity to native elastin, the fabricated elastin‐like fibers achieved excellent stretching (500%) and recoiling performance. Moreover, the fabrication scheme is compatible with the implementation of a salt‐leaching gas‐foaming approach, resulting in highly porous elastin‐like fibers (the first of their kind). From the translation perspective, the fibers can be autoclaved, which allows for sterilization and long‐term storage. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on autoclaved fibers produced a confluent endothelial layer lining the fiber surface, in which the cells became aligned in response to physiological fiber stretching. It is also shown that these functional fibers can be assembled by weaving, braiding and knitting, with various spatial patterns. Overall, the elastin‐like fibers can be used as building blocks for the reconstruction of functional tissues using the principles of textile technology.

The Applications of CircRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Early diagnosis and intervention are key to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is an urgent need for new biomarkers and molecular targets for the detection and treatment of early Alzheimer's pathology. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA with a special type of covalently closed single strand, with potential preventive and therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases. New studies in the field of circRNA in AD have made many exciting new discoveries in recent years, some of which have not received sufficient attention but have important research implications. This review will focus on existing studies of circRNA in AD and discuss future translational perspectives of proposed circRNA strategies for clinical application in AD.

A Study of Cultural Symbols of Plant Images in Russian-Chinese Translation

In Russian and Chinese languages, some plant images are respectively given special meanings and become special cultural symbols with symbolic meanings. Due to the cultural differences between China and Russia, the phenomenon of cultural symbol vacancy naturally arises. From the cultural perspective of translation and based on Sorokin's theory of cultural vacancy, this paper studies the cultural symbols of plant images in Russian and Chinese languages, and then explores the methods of translating plant images in Russian-Chinese translation in order to guide the practice of Russian-Chinese translation.

A microRNA focus on acne.

Acne (syn. acne vulgaris) is a common inflammatory skin disorder associated with puberty and adolescence. The disease is characterized by comedoneous lesions, papules, pustules, and nodules that are mostly found on the face. These lesions are caused by intricate interactions between the pilosebaceous unit and the Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) bacteria. Unhealthy acne and its aftereffects, like pigment changes and scarring, have a detrimental impact on one's quality of life. Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the approval of nucleic acid therapies (NATs), such as antisense oligonucleotides and short-interfering RNA medications, for rare diseases for which there are few or no effective treatments. These developments suggest that NATs may be useful in acne treatment plans down the road, as do clinical trials for microRNA (miRNA) modulation in skin contexts. We highlight promising miRNA targets for anti-acne therapy in this review. We outline the pathophysiology of acne in brief and emphasize the functions of C. acnes. Next, we concentrate on the distinct impacts of biofilm and planktonic C. acnes on a Toll-like receptor 2 axis that spans miR-146a-5p, which was recently discovered. Before discussing the potential contributions of miR-21-5p, miR-233-3p, and miR-150-5p to inflammatory axes in acne, we evaluate miR-146a-5p in sebocytes. Finally, we address patient involvement in miRNA-related acne research and translational perspectives.

Linguistic landscapes in multilingual urban settings: Insights from translation perspectives

A multilingual urban area is a translation space that allows the exchange of ideas across languages and cultures. Yet, little research has examined how translation plays a role in shaping linguistic landscapes that depict coexisting languages in public spaces. This paper aims to examine the linguistic landscape of public signage from the viewpoint of translation. A total of 123 bilingual signage was collected from the linguistic landscape of Gorontalo City, an emerging tourism industry with an interesting multilingual setting in Eastern Indonesia. The data were analyzed using the translation category of multilingual writing developed by Reh (2004) and Edelman (2010) to provide an understanding of the translational practice evident in the signage. The analysis also looked at the direction of the translated signage, including official and non-official translation based on the linguistic landscape orientation (top-down and bottom-up), as well as translation to demonstrate collective identity. Translation practices, categorized into word-for-word (67 items), free (8 items), partial (11 items), and non-translation (37 items), demonstrate a growing trend toward linguistic diversity. The top-down approach is evident in official translations (50 items) by government entities, while non-official translations (73 items) dominate commercial spaces. Arabic, displayed alongside Indonesian and English, symbolizes religious identity in public signage. Overall, Gorontalo’s linguistic landscape reflects a shift to bilingualism, particularly with widespread English translations. Its linguistic landscape showcases a dynamic interplay of language, translation, and cultural identity in an evolving urban environment.

VERBALIZATION PECULIARITIES OF THE "WAR" CONCEPT IN MEDIA DISCO URSE: CORPUS-BASED AND TRANSLATION PERSPECTIVES

This article delves into the complex verbalization of the "WAR" concept within media discourse, drawing from corpus-based analysis and translation perspectives. It highlights the multifaceted nature of the concept, shaped by cultural and linguistic factors, emphasizing the media's significant role in shaping public perceptions of war. Through a corpus-based approach, it examines linguistic choices in war-related terminology, and it explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating this concept. This study delved into various dimensions, ranging from historical and cultural perspectives to technological and psychological analyses. The study also shows that the lexical and semantic field of the concept "WAR" is a dynamic and expansive domain that reflects the evolving nature of human conflict. This research provides valuable insights into the nuanced meanings, cultural variations, and interdisciplinary dimensions that contribute to the richness of this crucial term in our linguistic and conceptual landscape.

Subjective experience of the environment determines serotoninergic antidepressant treatment outcome in male mice

BackgroundThe effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line antidepressant treatment, have been proposed to be affected, at least in part, by the living environment. Since the quality of the environment depends not only on its objective features, but also on the subjective experience, we hypothesized that the latter plays a key role in determining SSRI treatment outcome. MethodsWe chronically administered the SSRI fluoxetine to two groups of adult CD-1 male mice that reportedly show distinct subjective experiences of the environment measured as consistent and significantly different responses to the same emotional and social stimuli. These distinct socioemotional profiles were generated by rearing mice either in standard laboratory conditions (SN) or in a communal nest (CN) where three dams breed together their offspring, sharing caregiving behavior. ResultsAt adulthood, CN mice displayed higher levels of agonistic and anxiety-like behaviors than SN mice, indicating that they experience the environment as more socially challenging and potentially dangerous. We then administered fluoxetine, which increased offensive and anxious response in SN, while producing opposite effects in CN mice. BDNF regulation was modified by the treatment accordingly. LimitationsSubjective experience in mice was assessed as behavioral response to the environment. ConclusionsThese results show that the subjective experience of the environment determines fluoxetine outcome. In a translational perspective, our findings suggest considering not only the objective quality, but also the subjective appraisal, of the patient's living environment for developing effective personalized therapeutic approaches in psychiatry.

Noradrenergic Pathways Involved in Micturition in an Animal Model of Hydrocephalus-Implications for Urinary Dysfunction.

Hydrocephalus is characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricles, accompanied by distortion of the periventricular tissue. Patients with hydrocephalus usually experience urinary impairments. Although the underlying etiology is not fully described, the effects of hydrocephalus in the neuronal network responsible for the control of urination, which involves periventricular areas, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms behind urinary dysfunction in rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. For that purpose, we used a validated model of hydrocephalus-the rat injected with kaolin in the cisterna magna-also presents urinary impairments in order to investigate the putative involvement of noradrenergic control from the brain to the spinal cord Onuf's nucleus, a key area in the motor control of micturition. We first evaluated bladder contraction capacity using cystometry. Since our previous characterization of the LC in hydrocephalic animals showed increased levels of noradrenaline, we then evaluated the noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord's Onuf's nucleus by measuring levels of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH). We also evaluated the expression of the c-Fos protooncogene, the most widely used marker of neuronal activation, in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG), an area that plays a major role in the control of urination by its indirect control of the LC via pontine micturition center. Hydrocephalic rats showed an increased frequency of bladder contractions and lower minimum pressure. These animals also presented increased DBH levels at the Onuf´s nucleus, along with decreased c-Fos expression in the vlPAG. The present findings suggest that impairments in urinary function during hydrocephalus may be due to alterations in descending noradrenergic modulation. We propose that the effects of hydrocephalus in the decrease of vlPAG neuronal activation lead to a decrease in the control over the LC. The increased availability of noradrenaline production at the LC probably causes an exaggerated micturition reflex due to the increased innervation of the Onuf´s nucleus, accounting for the urinary impairments detected in hydrocephalic animals. The results of the study provide new insights into the neuronal underlying mechanisms of urinary dysfunction in hydrocephalus. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the translational perspectives of the current findings.

‘We Attempted to Deliver Your Package’: Forensic Translation in the Fight Against Cross-Border Cybercrime

Cybercrime has increased significantly, recently, as a result of both individual and group criminal practice, and is now a threat to individuals, organisations, and democratic systems worldwide. However, cybercrime raises two main challenges for legal systems: firstly, because cybercriminals operate online, cybercrime spans beyond the boundaries of specific jurisdictions, which constrains the operation of the police and, subsequently, the conviction of the perpetrators; secondly, since cybercriminals can operate from anywhere in the world, law enforcement agencies struggle to identify the origin of the communications, especially when obfuscation strategies are used, e.g. dark web fora. Nevertheless, cybercriminals inherently use language to communicate, so the linguistic analysis of suspect communications is particularly helpful in deterring cybercriminal practice. This article reports the potential of forensic translation in the fight against cybercrime. Although the term ‘forensic translation’ is typically understood as a synonym of ‘legal translation’, it is argued that the implications of forensic translation span beyond those of legal translation, to include analyses of language rights, of the right to interpretation and translation in legal procedures (in the EU), or even investigative and intelligence practices. Translation is a pervasive activity that is conducted, not only by professional translators, but also by lay speakers of language, often using machine translation systems. The ease of use of the latter makes it particularly suitable for cross-border criminal (e.g. extortion or fraud) and cybercriminal communications (e.g. cybertrespass, cyberfraud, cyberpiracy, cyberporn or child online porn, cyberviolence or cyberstalking). This article presents the results of the analysis of cybercriminal communications from a forensic translation perspective. It demonstrates that translation is frequently used to spread cybercriminal communications, and that reverse-engineering the translational procedure will assist law enforcement agencies in narrowing down their pool of suspects and, consequently, deter cybercriminal threats.

Classification of the Syntactic Structure of English and Uzbek Languages

This work gives information about classification of the syntactic structure of English and Uzbek languages. The study of the syntactic typology of the English and Uzbek languages is a current and important topic that opens up new perspectives for understanding linguistic features, translation, language teaching and intercultural communication.

Multi-needle blow-spinning technique for fabricating collagen nanofibrous nerve guidance conduit with scalable productivity and high performance

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been widely accepted as a promising strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration. Fabricating ideal NGCs with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, permeability, appropriate mechanical properties (space maintenance, suturing performance, etc.), and oriented topographic cues is still current research focus. From the perspective of translation, the technique stability and scalability are also an important consideration for industrial production. Recently, blow-spinning technique shows great potentials in nanofibrous scaffolds fabrication, possessing high quality, high fiber production rates, low cost, ease of maintenance, and high reliability. In this study, we proposed for the first time the preparation of a novel NGC via blow-spinning technique to obtain optimized performances and high productivity. A new collagen nanofibrous neuro-tube with the bilayered design was developed, incorporating inner oriented and outer random topographical cues. The bilayer structure enhances the mechanical properties of the conduit in dry and wet, displaying good radial support and suturing performance. The porous nature of the blow-spun collagen membrane enables good nutrient delivery and metabolism. The in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated the bilayer-structure conduit could promoted Schwann cells growth, neurotrophic factors secretion, and axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery in rat.

Teaching English Idioms from the Perspective of Translation under the Conceptual Integration Theory

English idioms hold significant value as a gateway to Western society and as a tool for enhancing the authenticity and effectiveness of language expression. Consequently, the acquisition of English idioms remains a crucial endeavor for language learners. Nevertheless, the challenges associated with English idioms arise from cultural and cognitive disparities, as well as the intrinsic nature of these linguistic expressions, rendering them arduous for both educators and students. This research examines the distinctive attributes of many English idioms and provides pedagogical approaches based on cognitive perspectives. Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT) will serve as the theoretical foundation for this analysis, with a specific focus on the initial stage of idiom acquisition, namely translation. The objective of this paper is to examine English idioms through a systematic categorization, wherein they are classified according to the congruence of their imagery elements. The three discerned categories comprise English idioms exhibiting akin imagery elements in both English and Chinese, those manifesting imagery elements absent in the Chinese language, and those portraying imagery elements incongruent within the Chinese cultural context. The primary objective of this study is to enhance the efficacy of instructing non-native speakers, particularly those proficient in Chinese, in the acquisition of English idioms. This will be achieved by effectively managing the intricacies and intricacies involved in bilingual idiom acquisition.

Qualitative nursing research: evidence of scientific validation from a translational perspective.

This article aims to reflect on scientific validation strategies in qualitative research in the light of translational theory in nursing. It is a reflection based on translational theory applied to nursing in strategies for validating qualitative studies. From this angle, validation is recognized as an adaptable construct, capable of eliciting/favoring an understanding of the subjectivity of the target audience in its relationship with the object of interest/study/research. The potential for advancing the science-profession lies in the interdisciplinary confluence of validation mechanisms, qualitative studies, the translational perspective, and nursing research. This confluence has the capacity to extend beyond theoretical and epistemological aspects. However, it is crucial to emphasize its profound, expressive, and relevant impact on the construction of scientific evidence. This impact aims to enhance the rigor and reliability of qualitative research, thereby bolstering its credibility and applicability in clinical practice.

A Study on the Subtitle Translation of the “Empresses in the Palace” from Translation and Aesthetics

The “Empresses in the Palace,” a widely acclaimed Qing Dynasty drama, has won viewer’s love at home and abroad for its complex plot, rich characters, and profound cultural connotations. Its episodes “Buddhist Dancers” and “Ode to the Goddess of Luo” have long been famous for their unique style of lyrics and artistic achievements, coupled with a charm of the tune and melody, jumped into the public vision, almost familiar. From the perspective of translation and aesthetics, this paper probes into the aesthetic representation of episodes from both formal and non-formal systems. It aims to improve the quality of translation and enhance the appreciation of works.

Translation and Dissemination Strategies of Chinese Children’s Literature to Russia from the Perspective of Translation and Communication

Translation and Dissemination Strategies of Chinese Children’s Literature to Russia from the Perspective of Translation and Communication

Research on English Translation Strategies of Chinese Traditional Aesthetic Thought from the Perspective of Translation and Interpretation Studies

Research on English Translation Strategies of Chinese Traditional Aesthetic Thought from the Perspective of Translation and Interpretation Studies

Synthetic nanointerfacial bioengineering of Ti implants: on-demand regulation of implant-bone interactions for enhancing osseointegration.

Titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used biometals for developing orthopedic implants to treat various forms of bone fractures and defects, but their clinical performance is still challenged by the unfavorable mechanical and biological interactions at the implant-tissue interface, which substantially impede bone healing at the defects and reduce the quality of regenerated bones. Moreover, the impaired osteogenesis capacity of patients under certain pathological conditions such as diabetes and osteoporosis may further impair the osseointegration of Ti-based implants and increase the risk of treatment failure. To address these issues, various modification strategies have been developed to regulate the implant-bone interactions for improving bone growth and remodeling in situ. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis on the state-of-the-art synthetic nanointerfacial bioengineering strategies for designing Ti-based biofunctional orthopedic implants, with special emphasis on the contributions to (1) promotion of new bone formation and binding at the implant-bone interface, (2) bacterial elimination for preventing peri-implant infection and (3) overcoming osseointegration resistance induced by degenerative bone diseases. Furthermore, a perspective is included to discuss the challenges and potential opportunities for the interfacial engineering of Ti implants in a translational perspective. Overall, it is envisioned that the insights in this review may guide future research in the area of biometallic orthopedic implants for improving bone repair with enhanced efficacy and safety.