Translation Variants Research Articles

CONVEYING THE INDIVIDUAL STYLE OF A YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE AUTHOR IN TRANSLATION (BASED ON “THE PERKS OF BEING A WALLFLOWER” BY S. CHBOSKY)

The article focuses on the problems of literary translation, mainly the problems of conveying the individual style of a young adult literature author. The relevance of this topic stems from the insufficient analysis both of the notion of the individual style itself and the interconnection of the individual style and the genre of a literary text. The paper discusses the core theoretical concepts of the individual style as well as the main characteristics of young adult literature, and examines the specific features of transfering the style elements of a young adult author. The paper is based on the novel “The perks of being a wallflower” (1999) written by an American author S. Chbosky, and its translation into Russian made by E. Petrova in 2013. The purpose of the research is to identify some dominant elements of the author‟s style and to evaluate the degree of their adequacy in the Russian translation. In the course of the study, the following problems of conveying the individual style of a young adult literature author were identified: a specific narrative structure, the usage of colloquial vocabulary; a number of specific syntactical stylistic devices. The paper examines a set of examples illustrating these features of the author‟s style and analyses their translation into Russian. The analysis reveals that the author‟s individual style is often not adequately transferred, thus, alternative variants of translation that convey the key elements of the author‟s writing style may be provided. As a result, a conclusion is made that the individual style of a young adult literature author has its own peculiarities, and its appropriate preservation requires not only a general understanding of the genre‟s specific features, but the skills of a linguostylistic analysis of the text and the ability to translate certain lexical means and stylistic devices that an author can use at all language levels.

Перевод многозначных и синонимичных терминов английского языка: возможности когнитивного подхода

The article describes the problem of translating polysemantic and synonymous investment terms and is studied from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, namely in the light of the prototypes theory, which presupposes the identification of the content core as the best representative of the word's semantics. The subject of the research are the semantic processes taking place in the English term system reflecting investment activity. By the example of the research of term dealer and its synonyms broker and agent, the authors have defined that the meanings of polysemantic and synonymous terms are not isolated, but are united by a meaningful core and develop according to the laws of semantic derivation based on the common language nominative-non-derivative meaning. The authors found that the reduction of translation failures in the transfer of terms is possible due to the competent use of the cognitive context and the correct definition of the content core of the terminological unit. The research is carried out by means of such methods as the prototypical semantics method, a definitional and component analysis. When identifying the content core of a polysemantic term it is first of all necessary to define the average primary meaning of this term on the basis of dictionary definitions. As a result, the most frequent meaning is determined. Then etymological analysis of the meaning is carried out. At the next stage, in order to model the cognitive image of a word, contextual analysis is performed, and metaphorical comparisons are investigated. Based on the obtained data, a content core of the term is formulated generalizing all the derived meanings and demonstrating their connections. The results obtained allow the authors to prove that the meanings of polysemantic and synonymous terms are connected by a single content core and are developed on the basis of a common linguistic meaning. The practical value of the scientific research is in the possibility to use the results of the work in lexicographic practice when compiling terminological dictionaries, and when writing university courses in terminology and translation studies. The identification of a content core is necessary while translating polysemantic and synonymous terms, because it reveals the meaning of the term in the context and defines the choice of a right translation variant.

Сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ дореволюционных переводов молитвы «Отче наш» на якутском языке

This article analysis various pre-20th century versions of the Lord's Prayer in the Yakut (Sakha) language. Translation variants of this prayer are interesting from the standpoint of comparative analysis. The translations of this prayer are some of the earliest texts in the Yakut language that can be compared with each other. The article analyzes the spelling, morphological, lexical and syntactic features of the prayer’s versions.

Prozodia, semantyka, styl – o hierarchii poziomów ekwiwalencji w tłumaczeniu piosenki kabaretowej (studium przypadku: polskojęzyczne warianty Money… Freda Ebba)

Prosody, Semantics and Style. On the Hierarchy of Levels of Equivalence in the Translation of Cabaret Songs (Case Study: Polish Versions of Fred Ebb's Money…)
 The article is a case study and contains a comparative analysis of four variants of the Polish translation of Fred Ebb and John Kander’s song Money… from the musical “Cabaret”. The author of the translation is Wojciech Młynarski, one of the most respected Polish songwriters of the second half of the twentieth century. In the study, an assumption is made that Młynarski, who repeatedly changed versions of his translation, sought to create the most faithful rendition of the songs from the musical for the needs of the Polish stage. His efforts can be observed at four levels of text organization. The translator aimed mainly for sound equivalence, i.e. conformity with the original song in terms of rhythm (word stress), rhyme (consonance) and voice instrumentation and, to a lesser extent, sound imitation. He also cared about pragmatic equivalence by rendering into Polish the original intentions, with particular emphasis on the modes of indirect communication, such as irony and satire. However, other aspects of equivalence remained in the background. Not everywhere the translator managed to keep the cognitive equivalence, i.e. convergence of imagery, by translating scenes and scenarios that were part of cultural knowledge into parallel ones and, more broadly, by trying to evoke similar images in the mind of the reader and listener. His efforts to achieve the effect of broadly understood stylistic equivalence were also noteworthy; only to a small extent they consisted in giving the right stylistic coloring to the individual lexical items which had their English equivalents, and they mainly boiled down to translating stylistic games that did not necessarily cover the same fragments of the song, though were usually based on the same mechanism (a clash between low and high style, absurdity). The analysis shows that the translator adopted tabular rather than linear approach to the original.

Relationship between the concepts «businesswoman» and «successful woman»

The article discusses the relationship, similarities and main differences between businesswoman and tabysty ayel which are formed through media texts. Many variants of translation of the concept successful were analyzed. The lexeme tabysty in the Kazakh language is used in the work. In the article, as supporting features of the main concept, such meanings of the concept were considered as kolynan is keletin adam, tabysty ayel. Tabysty ayel was determined according to such main criteria as zhenisti, zhetistikti, tanymal. The authors conclude that the overwhelming majority of media texts with the meaning of the concept isker ayel published on the pages of newspapers, and media texts with the meaning of the concept tabysty ayel are published in glossy magazines for women. They have high competition due to imagery, aesthetics, content and thematic versatility, etc. and belong to one of the most popular and attractive types of media texts.

Structure of Author’s Concept «Witch» (a Case Study of J. K. Rowling’s Novel «Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire»)

This article describes the core structure of one of the most important concepts in the series of novels by J. K. Rowling «Harry Potter», the concept «witch» and its corresponding concept in the Russian language, the concept «ведьма». Both of these concepts are extremely important for the majority of fantasy pieces of literature, they contribute to the authentic worldview. The model of the author’s concept «witch» is conveyed with the help of the analyses of verbalization of the concept in the original text. The invariant features of the concept are identified by comparing the models of traditional and author’s concepts, as well as the unique markers of the author’s concept. The most common transformations and techniques used by translators are highlighted through the comparative analyses of two variants of translation of the same novel. This also shows the ways that were used to verbalize the English concepts in Russian translation.

SUBJECT AND SUBJECTNESS IN FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY: NUANCES OF TERMINOLOGY AND TRANSLATION

The article is devoted to the comparative terminological analysis of approaches to scientific review of concepts “subject” and “subjectness” in Ukrainian and foreign psychology, the author's interpretation of these concepts, defining how they translate into English, and reverse translation of relevant terms. The basic concepts of subjectness in Ukrainian (V.A. Romenets, V.O. Tatenko) and Russian (S.L. Rubinstein, A.V. Brushlinsky, K.O. Abulkhanova) psychology, the connection of a full-fledged subjectness with intelligence according to O.F. Losev, as an attempt to transform the imperfections of life are analyzed. The terms of subject-development paradigm, subjectogenesis, responsiveness of the subject as a response to the call for socio-cultural development are considered. It is shown that the terms “agent” and “agency” are widely used in foreign scientific and psychological discourse, which are often translated into Ukrainian as “subject” and “subjectness”, and sometimes as “subjectness activity” (the reverse translation looks accordingly). The authors' critical attitude to such variants of translation of these terms is substantiated, and other variants of translation which are already widely used in modern science are offered, namely “subject” – “суб’єкт”, “subjectness” – “суб’єктність”, “subjectness activity” - “суб’єктна активність”. The formation of the terms "subject" and "subjectness" in foreign scientific discourse is considered. The author's understanding of the subject as a carrier of the mental model of the world, and the corresponding interpretation of subjectness are offered

Семантические особенности цветообозначения улан ‘красный’ в калмыцком языке и способы его перевода на немецкий язык (на примере калмыцких сказок в записи Г. Й. Рамстедта)

Introduction. Color terms constitute a most archaic lexical stratum of any language. Being characterized by vivid ethnocultural specifics, those serve as important elements to the linguistic view of the world. Goals. The paper seeks to analyze semantic features of the Kalmyk color term улан ‘red’ and its German translation equivalents. Materials and Methods. The work explores Kalmyk folktales recorded by the Finnish scholar G. J. Ramstedt during his 1903 scientific expedition to the Kalmyk Steppe. The analysis of the color term comprises both general research methods and specifically linguoculturological ones, such as linguoculturological and conceptual insights into folklore texts. Results. Impacts of color in world perception of the Kalmyks — just as for any other nation — are diverse enough. The folktale texts recorded by G. J. Ramstedt contain a total of five shades of the color, the lexeme улан ‘red’ being largely characterized by positive semantics. German translation variants are not always complete semantic equivalents of the color term which results from that color denoting lexemes — and those of red in particular — are integral to a certain ethnic worldview, this leading to some ambivalence of the color under study. Conclusions. The lexeme улан ‘red’ in its first nominative meaning denotes a color of an object, e.g., red proper, scarlet, ruddy, etc. In the Kalmyk language, it also serves to denote the prototypic color of blood and is often used to describe animal coat colors. The Finnish scholar employed different German translation means. In most cases, the selection of translation equivalents depends on the translator’s associative/visual thinking and perception of the world, as well as on lexical, semantic and morphological patterns of Kalmyk and German. Folklore texts are structured specifically, and a translator needs utmost attention and linguistic intuition to avoid any inaccuracies when communicating a color paradigm from the original text. The challenge be tackled by a translator of color terms in a folklore text is that he/she is supposed to bear both the linguocultures examined.

Kashmiri to English Machine Translation: A Study in Translation Divergence Issues of Personal and Possessive Pronouns

Machine translation (MT) as a sub-field of computational linguistics represents one of the most advanced and applied translation dimensions as a research field. Translation divergence occurs when structurally similar sentences of the source language do not translate into sentences that are similar in structure in the target language" (Dorr, 1993). The sophistication in the domain of MT depends mainly on the identification of divergence patterns in a language pair. Many researchers in MT field including Dorr (1990, 1994) have emphasized that the best quality in MT can be achieved when an individual language pair in a particular context is described in detail. This paper attempts to explore the divergence patterns that characterize the translation of Kashmiri pronouns into English. The analysis in this paper has been restricted to the class of personal and possessive pronouns. Kashmiri has rich inflections and pronouns are marked for case, number, tense and gender and show complex agreement patterns. The paper identifies and outlines a wide variety of divergence patterns that characterize the Kashmiri English language pair. These divergence patterns are identified and summarized in order to improve the quality of the MT system that may be developed for Kashmiri English language pair in the near future and can also be utilized for other language pairs that are similar in terms of their structure and typological features.

Перевод фольклорных и мифологических наименований при моделировании волшебной картины мира в произведениях фэнтези (на материале серии романов Д. К. Роулинг «Гарри Поттер» и их переводов на русский язык)

The research focuses on fantasy literature peculiarities and points out the difficulties of translating the texts of such genre. The comparative analysis of folklore and mythical names translation is implemented as illustrated by two variants of translation of the literary work.

Эмоциональная, экспрессивная и оценочная эквивалентность перевода политических речей (на материале предвыборных речей кандидатов в президенты США 2020 года)

The purpose of the study is to identify ways of achieving emotional, evaluative and expressive equivalence in translation, which will make it possible to create an equivalent translation of the original speech texts of the US presidential candidates. The article deals with units from an English-language text of the considered genre with their subsequent translation. The work is novel in that it examines ways of achieving three types of translation equivalence of political speeches at once and explains variants of translation of the studied units. As a result, it is proved that at the lexical level, connotation is more often conveyed through variable equivalents; at the syntactic and lexical levels considered together, in more than 50% of cases, equivalence can be achieved through translation transformations.

Новелла Пу Сун-лина «Беседы зрачков»

The article covers the plot and translation peculiarities of the short-story by Pu Songling (蒲松齡, 1640–1715) “Pupils’ Talk”. The connection between Pu Songling’s ideas and tradition of Chinese popular medicine and Taoist concepts of soles and spirits of a human body is thoroughly analyzed; along with that the tradition of the story’s interpretation in Russian is also studied. The issue of special spirits inhabiting all organs and anatomical areas of a human has been thoroughly worked out in both parts of “Huang Di’s Inner Classic” as well as in “Huang ting Classic” and was a part of a common knowledge in traditional Chinese routine. Special medical treatises known as “Suishu” gave their own recipes of traditional medication combined with exorcism, and Pu Songling happened to be an author of such a treatise in two parts. Thus one has to admit that Pu Songling must be quite well acquainted with the tradition of Chinese folksy medicine based on the stated integrity of human physical organization with controlling spirits of each and every body-part. Therefore with the undeniable influence of Ming fiction on “Pupils’ Talk” one can’t help acknowledging that the descriptive means of expression as well as the chief idea of the story are authentic and independent. Taoist ideas about human anatomy and physiology can be met not only in this story, but in other pieces of the “Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio” (Liao Zhai zhi yi). Artistic peculiarities of the text as well as fundamentals of the translation are divisively demonstrated. A new variant of translation of the whole text is provided.

ВОПРОСЫ ПЕРЕВОДА И СЕМАНТИЗАЦИИ ТЕРМИНА “PUBLICITY” В РЕКЛАМНОМ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСАХ

The article discusses translation difficulties of the term “publicity” from English into Russian in advertising and political discourses. Despite many translation equivalents that dictionaries offer, there is no universal, unambiguous and accurate equivalent for the term “publicity” in the Russian language, and the available variants often include additional evaluative connotations that the original English term does not contain. The context and type of discourse determine considerably the choice of a translation equivalent of publicity. It is noteworthy that the concept of “publicity” is one of the key ones in the political, advertising and public relations discourses – the areas that are currently developing under significant influence of the English language, culture and mentality. This article is intended to complete this gap. The article presents translation variants of the term “publicity” in dif- ferent contexts, and it is concluded that an adequate translation of the term depends on the pragmatics of political, advertising and marketing discourses, which determine the key seme of the term under consideration, which should be retained in the translation.The results of the work can be applicable in the fields of public relations, translation practice, ESP teaching and research into international communication, as well as to students studying English for specific purposes.

Plotinus on Beauty (Enneads 1.6 and 5.8.1–2): The Greek Text with Notes by Andrew Smith

Reviewed by: Plotinus on Beauty (Enneads 1.6 and 5.8.1–2): The Greek Text with Notes by Andrew Smith Daniel Regnier andrew smith, Plotinus on Beauty (Enneads 1.6 and 5.8.1–2): The Greek Text with Notes (WGRW 64; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2019). Pp. x + 109. Paper $25. This slim and elegant volume is an anomaly in the recent wave of publications on Plotinus. New and complete translations of Plotinus’s Enneads have been published in various modern languages including both English and French over the past couple of decades (it is worth citing in this context the very comprehensive commentary on Plotinus’s Enneads translated from the Modern Greek of Paul Kalligas that is currently being published by Princeton University Press). These new translations and commentaries reflect a growing interest in Plotinus among faculty in mainstream philosophy departments. That old quip that only retired classics professors read Plotinus is no longer really intelligible. Andrew Smith, professor emeritus in classics at University College Dublin (who, to be sure, read for his entire career!) does not provide us with another translation of Plotinus. Indeed, that would probably be superfluous at this point. Rather, he offers a Greek text of what is perhaps Plotinus’s most well known—and thanks to its impact on Renaissance art—influential work 1.6 [1] On Beauty with a commentary (Stellenkommentar) guiding the reader through both Plotinus’s idiomatic and difficult Greek and his philosophical argument. Although the volume certainly does represent original scholarly work, it is clear that S. did not write it with a view to academic advancement. Rather the book very competently does what so many books claim to wish to do: support the reader in understanding the primary text. The introduction is a gem of precision and a very true representation of Plotinian thought. The short inventory of the particularities of Plotinus’s Greek (pp. 17–19) is extraordinarily useful. The notes to the Greek text are both thorough and economical. S. has achieved a remarkable balance here between elucidating the text from both philosophical and philological points of view. He refers the reader to both recent and important older secondary literature, and he cites translation variants ranging from Willy Theiler (German), J. Igal (Spanish), Jérôme Laurent (French) to Kalligas (Modern Greek). In addition to the complete text of 1.6 [1] On Beauty, S. includes the first two chapters 5.8 [31] On Intelligible Beauty. This is a slightly curious choice but is justifiable in terms of nature of the project, which is a to provide readers with the means to engage with Plotinus’s thought directly in the original Greek. I have two minor criticisms. First, there is some ambiguity concerning the Greek text. The book attributes to S. only the introduction and commentary. It would be useful to know a little bit more about the Greek text. A note on 3.3 (p. 40) suggests that Smith follows the one edited by P. Henry and H.-R. Schywzer (Plotinus, Opera, vol. 1, Porphyril Vita Plotini. Enneades i–iii [Oxford: Clarendon, 1964]), but even they established two slightly different texts. Second, the chronological positions of Ennead 1.6 [1] and 5.8 [31] are not indicated anywhere in the work—at least as far as I could tell (there is no indication of this on the cover, in the introduction or in the headings surrounding the Greek text). According to contemporary conventions of English-language publications on Plotinus, the position of his works in the chronological order of their composition is indicated in brackets or square brackets after the number of the Ennead. The only reference to the chronological order of the works of Plotinus that I found was on p. 7, but in relation to another Ennead (i.e., Ennead 3.5 [50] On Love). Given that there are various systems for citing the Enneads—some [End Page 525] involving Roman numerals, points or commas, brackets—citing his works in publication is indeed somewhat problematic. But the chronological order of Plotinus’s writings can be very important in the context of certain arguments. In fact, certain national schools (like the French) tend to...

Этнофразеологическое выражение c’est pas grave в контексте перевода на русский язык

The article is devoted to the analysis of translatability of the French ethnophraseological unit “c’est pas grave” into Russian. Its ethnophraseological nature has been established according to Bert Peeters’ criteria: it has to be regarded as “typical French” by speakers of other languages, used as a title of movies, songs, books or articles. 964 translations of this expression into Russian were analyzed, and 40 possible variants were identified. In most cases, the translation of the phraseological unit into Russian is represented by affirmative constructions, in spite of the fact that it is negative in French, as for instance “это нормально / все нормально” (it’s ok; everything is fine). Some translations are sentences in the imperative mood: “забудь” (forget it), “не волнуйтесь” (don’t worry). The paper describes each type of translation. In the conclusion the phraseological unit “c’est pas grave” is presented in Natural Semantic Metalanguage which allows us to conclude that this saying is used after some event happened in which the speaker and his/her partner are involved. The speaker says that the event is not bad, has no negative consequences and that it is not worth worrying about. She / he asks the other communicant not to worry, thus implying that she / he himself / herself will not think about it anymore. The frequency of this saying, the fact, that it is regarded as “typically French” by others, and a large number of translation variants prove its ethnolinguistic character and its link with hypothetical French cultural values, which can be described as “insouciance”.

Alishan’s poem “Hrazdan”: Polyvariety of Meanings, Interpretations, Translations

The question of polyvariant existence of meanings, interpretations of the poem “Hrazdan” (and its translations) by G. Alishan is considered. The novelty of the research is seen in the multidimensionality of synoptic research with an appeal to the concepts of polyvariance as a research tool, “hot” chronological periods (attention to linguistic culture) and points (anniversaries). The phenomenon of the text-heritage is studied in its historical perspective. A brief overview of the Russian-Armenian literary relationship is carried out. The Russian-Armenian literary relationship is characterized as a factor contributing to the formation of the text-heritage. The importance of the creative work researching of the outstanding Armenian figure G. Alishan is noted. The authors dwell on the history of the texts of the invariant and variants of translations into Russian, English and French (four translations). The author’s development of a synoptic model of the philological analysis of a poetic text and its translations is presented. The questions of representation of ethnocultural signs (onyms) in translation variants are touched upon. The consequences of their elimination or equivalence are commented on (the onomastic layer of the text is examined). Various translation strategies are evaluated. The features of the representation of emotions by interjections in the original and in the translation variants are compared. The technique of recursion in the refrain is revealed, its specificity in translations is discussed.

Buzzwords as an example of interlingual lacunarity in various kinds of professional discourse (based on the English language material)

The article is focused on the analysis of structural-semantic features of buzzwords and relating to them problem of interlingual lacunarity in two kinds of professional discourse – business and political-legal discourse. Buzzwords are understood as a special category of lexical units which emerge die to the need of nominating new culture-specific elements, tendencies and trends, as well as attaching novelty to existing in the language phenomena. The study relevance is stipulated by the common understanding that buzzwords represent the newest layer of modern English vocabulary reflecting the most recent changes currently happening in the English language under the influence of modern socio-political processes. The authors draw attention to a close relation between buzzwords and interlingual lacunarity as buzzwords do not have laconic variants of translation, thus demanding the use of various techniques of direct translation such as borrowing, calque and literal translation. Special emphasis is put on some word formation models, according to which many buzzwords are formed. Such word formation methods include affixation, abbreviation, blending and metaphoric transfer. Having considered the results of the research, the authors come to conclusion that different word formation models prevail in different kinds of discourse, as well as different direct translation techniques can be applied to translate them from English into Russian. For political-legal discourse more widespread word formation models include affixation, abbreviation and metaphoric transfer, whereas in business discourse, alongside with abbreviation, blending is also widely used. The most common translation technique is literal translation, sometimes together with other methods. For instance, while translating buzzwords belonging to political-legal sphere, in particular, those formed by affixation using the suffix -ism and the prefix post-, it is possible to provide borrowing as the translation of the new word. Nevertheless, further such borrowed lexical unit will demand additional explanation which is usually represented by the literal translation of its definition. Lack of equivalents of buzzwords in lexicographic sources in Russian proves the fact that they belong to the category of interlingual lexical gaps.

Сохранение культурного потенциала при переводе американских реалий на русский язык (на материале романа Д. Тартт «Маленький друг»)

The study aims to identify the most successful ways of translating realia of D. Tartt’s work “The Little Friend” that are foreign to the Russian person, while preserving the cultural potential of the original. Scientific novelty of the article lies in finding ways of preserving the cultural potential of the original by means of a comparative-contrastive analysis of two translation variants of the same novel, taking into account social and cultural context of the time when they were made. As a result, it was found that the foreignization tactic is characterised by adequate translation of the original’s pragmatics, an important component of which is the cultural potential of the work, while the use of the domestication tactic strips the original text of the author’s intention and cultural specificity peculiar to it.

Gábor Devecseri und die ovidschen Metamorphosen

The paper is dealing with the works of Gábor Devecseri (1917–1971), who was one of the most prominent and eminent translators of ancient literature in Hungary. The special focus is on the Ovidian tradition: Devecseri published his translation of Metamophoses in 1964. The first part of the paper demonstrates his methodology tracing his translation strategies with the special regards to the translations from the 19th century. The author bases on the manuscripts and documents (mostly the textual variants of translations) conserved in the manuscript collection of the Petőfi Literary Museum (Budapest). The second part examines the influence of the translation of Metamorphoses on Devecseri’s poetry and novel writing techniques. The Ovidian elements are especially helpful for Gábor Devecseri to modulate his authorial relations to the cultural memory, to the questions of identity, and to the dialogue between photograph and text.

Translation Strategies for Phonographic Deviations: A Psycholinguistic Approach

The article proposes a psycholinguistic approach to investigating translation strategies on the basis of information obtained in the course of the retrospective experiment designed by the authors and defined as ‘Partial Delayed Report of Problems and their Solution’. The aim of the research is to expose and describe translation strategies for resolving such a variety of translation difficulties as phonographic deviations. The object of the research is translation strategies as a mental by nature and complex by structure plan for the translator’s actions. The subject of the research is specifics of the above strategies’ formation and implementation in literary translation.
 The main method of the research is retrospective experimental technique ‘Partial Delayed Report of Problems and their Solution’; other methods employed include algorithmic modeling (for prospected translation strategies and substrategies) and comparative analysis (for control units in the source and target texts).
 The material of the research was twofold: (1) the fragment of Charles Dickens’s novel “The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club” and its translations carried out by 21 semi-professional subjects of the experiment; (2) the subjects’ reports in the form of the answers to the questionnaire completed and submitted after the translation. Since strategies in translation studies are mostly dealt with within cultural approach, the authors turned to the concept of communication strategies as a foundation of their own psycholinguistic model of translation strategies for phonographic deviations.
 The analysis of the experimental data supports the conclusion that the translator initially forms a strategy (conscious mental plan) of overcoming a certain variety of translation difficulties (such as phonographic deviations) and then implements it as a sequence of moves (substrategies) aimed at providing for the most natural for the target reader translation variant.