Translation Of Religious Texts Research Articles

Training Translators for a Better Translation of the Meaning of the Qur’anic Text

The translation of religious texts, particularly the Holy Qur’an, is one of the most challenging tasks. Despite the experts’ efforts to come out with insightful theories and strategies, the translation of the meanings of the Holy Qur’an is still a difficult task. The present research aimed to reveal the importance of training future translators and experts in the field by offering a 20-hour training program to familiarize a target group with the specificities of Qur’anic Texts and the challenges its translation involves. The study attempted to answer three main research questions related to (i) the specificities of the Qur’anic Text and the main challenges its translation poses; (ii) the quality and value of the training program and its efficiency and (iii) the trainees’ views and evaluations of the training program. The study opted for a mixed approach using a questionnaire and an interview to elicit the trainees’ views about the efficiency of the training program. Eighty participants from three Master’s programs in Islamic studies and translation were involved. The findings revealed that the training was an added value for the trainees who realized that awareness of Arabic rhetoric and Islamic exegetical works is crucial for a faithful translation of the meanings of the Holy Qur’an. Some recommendations were formulated for Master Programs in Islamic studies and translation.

The Application of Vinay and Darbelnet Model to English and Urdu Translations of Surah Ad- Duha: A Comparative Study

This study aims to analyze the linguistic features of three translated versions of Surah Ad Duha with the help of Vinay and Darbelnet's translation theory.The analysis is based on the seven translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet, which include transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, borrowing, literal translation, and oblique translation.The study examines the translators approach which reveals the original linguistic and cultural choices made by the translators to convey the intended message. The study provides tactics of understanding and translating religious texts keeping in consideration the differences in linguistic and cultural features, the use of rhetorical devices, sentence structures, and word choices, and how they contribute to the overall meaning and message of religious textsfor distinct audience. The findings of this research can be used to enhance the understanding of the linguistic and literary aspects of the Qur'an, as well as provide insights into the translation of religious texts. Keywords: Surah Ad Duhaa; VinayDarnelnet model; Direct and Oblique method

Рукописные памятники коми-пермяцкой письменности XVIII – начала XX веков: история создания и концепция археографического описания

The article is devoted to handwritten documents of the 18th – early 20th century containing Komi-Permyak language material. Although archives and libraries in Russia and abroad hold many well-known, but unstudied manuscripts, and information on previously unknown documents continues to appear, study of the manuscript traditions of various Permyak languages in general, and of the Komi-Permyak in particular, remains lacunar. There is no archaeographic and palaeographic description of documents, which should precede textual and linguistic analysis of the manuscripts and their subsequent publication. The study is to offer a brief overview of the history of the Komi-Permyak language written monuments of the 18th – early 20th century and to develop a concept of their archaeographic description. The first part of the article outlines the main milestones in the history of the Komi-Permyak manuscript tradition, indicating types and authors of the written monuments: (1) the century of travelers and scientific expeditions (N. Witsen 1641–1717, Ph. J. von Strahlenberg 1676–1747, D. G. Messerschmidt 1685–1735, J. E. Fischer 1697–1771, G. F. M?ller 1705–83, I. I. Lepekhin 1740–1802); (2) the era of Catherine II (Nikita Ovchinnikov, A. I. Popov 1748–88); (3) the first half of the 19th century (Georgy Chechulin, F. F. Lyubimov 1779/1780–1851, F. A. Volegov 1790–1856); (4) the time of the first printed books (P. M. Sorokin 1860–95, A. F. Teploukhov 1880–1943). All manuscripts fall into the following genres: (1) dictionaries of the Komi-Permyak language; (2) Permyak dictionaries included in multilingual collections; (3) grammatical essays on the Komi-Permyak language; (4) translations of religious texts (Gospels, prayers) into the Permyak. The second part of the article, taking into account specifics of the Komi-Permyak writing manuscript monuments and time of their creation, proposes to consider the following elements in their archaeographic description: (1) place of storage, code, date; (2) name; (3) volume, format; (4) binding; (5) numbering; (6) filigree, stamps; (7) notebooks; (8) handwriting; (9) records, labels; (10) Russian graphics and spelling; (11) Komi-Permyak graphics and spelling; (12) content; (13) additional information; (14) history of manuscript description and its study; (15) bibliography. In the course of archaeographic description, the history of the Komi-Permyak writing and manuscript tradition is reconstructed; links between various Finno-Ugric manuscripts are established; previously unknown monuments of the Finno-Ugric writing and new facts regarding dating of various papers of the 18th–19th centuries come to light.

Translating the Prophetic Metaphor into English (with reference to An-Nawawi’s collection of forty Hadiths)

One of the main challenges that translators encounter in the translation of religious texts is translating the Prophetic metaphor. The current study aims to investigate the challenges encountered by three well known translators, namely Ibrahim & Johnson-Davies (1999), Badi (2001), and Al-Munajjid (2017) in translating the Prophetic metaphors in An-Nawawi’s collection of forty Hadiths and to examine the strategies of translating them into English as well as to find out the most appropriate strategy in translating the Prophetic metaphors. Adopting Newmark’s (1988) metaphor translation strategies, three different English translations of ten examples of the Prophetic metaphors from An-Nawawi’s forty Hadiths are selected and analyzed using a qualitative – descriptive approach. Findings indicate that only two metaphor translation strategies are used, out of seven strategies proposed by Newmark (1988). The most dominant strategy used by the three selected translators is the first strategy of Newmark (1988), which is reproducing the same image of the source language (SL) metaphor in the target language (TL) whereas the least dominant strategy is Newmark’s (1988) fifth strategy, which is conversion of metaphor to sense. The findings of this study further show that Newmark’s (1988) first strategy occurs as the most appropriate one in dealing with translating the Prophetic metaphors into English. 
 Keywords: Metaphor, Translation Strategies, An-Nawawi’s collection of forty Hadiths, three English translations.

THE RELIGIOUS HIERARCHY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES FROM THE EIGHTEENTH TO THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES

The Jews have come a long way in the historical process. It had an impact on all aspects of social and material culture related to daily life. Most of the Central Asian Jews reached high peaks and played a significant role in trade. Studies show that the Jewish community in Bukhara was well developed in the middle of the 19th century and had its orderly organizational structure. At the head of the administration was a man named Kalantar, and the chief rabbi, nicknamed Mullai Kalan, served as a representative for religious affairs. It also observed that from time to time, one person performed these two functions. Secular and religious administrations were closely intertwined but operated autonomously. The article analyzes the socio-religious structure of Bukharian Jews in the region, the tasks and activities of Kalantar, Mullai Kalan, Aksakal, Kaywani, and their role in the life of Jews. The article also contains information about the education system of Bukharian Jews, types of education, and the specialists who taught there. The article also includes the analysis of the written and oral literature of the Jews of Bukhara, individually written works, translations of religious texts and, the works of scientists who have made a great contribution to improving the literacy of the Jews of Bukhara.

Analisis Kesalahan Terjemahan Hadis-Hadis Kitab al-Jami’ di dalam Bulughul Maram Karya Moh. Machfuddin Aladip

This study aims to reveal the translation errors that occurred in the translation of the hadiths of al-jami' in the book Bulughul Maram by Moh. Macfuddin Aladip and explained the factors that these errors occurred. There have been many studies on the translation of religious texts. This is very important to do in order to control the results of the translation and understanding of the people's religions on these religious texts. In this study, an assessment and analysis of the translation of the book Bulughul Maram Min Adillatil Ahkam by Moh. Machfuddin Aladip, in the chapter of Kitab al-jami '. In revealing the errors that occur in the translation, a comparison technique between the source language and the target language is used by paying attention to the aspects of sharf, nahw and dilalah science. From this study found fatal errors in the translation of several hadiths studied in the book Bulughul Maram Min Adillatil Ahkam by Moh. Machfuddin Aladip, in the chapter of Kitab al-jami'. In addition, the errors that occur are caused by the following factors: (1) lexical improper matching, (2) adding words or phrases to more than words in the source text, (3) shifts that occur at the word level, (4) Elimination of equivalent words and phrases, (5) Identifying words in the source language.

Particulele afirmative în limba română – perspectivă diacronică și areală

The present article analyses the Romanian affirmative particles from a diachronic and areal perspective in order to determine their origin. The analysis of a corpus of original literary texts and translations of religious texts as well as dictionaries and grammars from different epochs has resulted in distinguishing in Romanian the following affirmative particles: aşa (since the 16th, and especially the 17th century), ei (in the 16th century), ie (since the second half of the 18th century) and da (since the 19th century). As the last three can be put in the East European areal context, a natural explanation of their origin would be the assumption that they were borrowed respectively from Church Slavonic, German and Slavic. However, also because of the special status of affirmative particles as a part of basic vocabulary of most languages, we propose to apply to them the foothold theory inspired by Abraham’s half-open doors theory (2011). Accordingly, we believe that borrowing the particle ei from Church Slavonic could have used as a foothold the Old Romanian conjunction e (< lat. et) and the ie borrowed from German was superposed on the Romanian verbal form e ‘is’. On the other hand, the Slavic loanword da coincided with the inner semantic evolution of the Romanian forms dară ~ dar ~ da from an adversative conjunction to an affirmative particle.

The Role of Semiotic in Translating Symbols for Biblical Texts

Semiotics, which is the science of signs, has become an increasingly interesting interdisciplinary area of study. As such, semiotics can also be used as both structural and pragmatic approach for translation studies, especially for studies in which meanings are difficult to comprehend including symbolic texts. This paper aims to uncover the role of semiotics in the translation of symbolic languages, especially religious texts. The study employs descriptive qualitative method to describe and interpret the data in the form of an analysis of symbolic text translation. This is to uncover the various attitudes and perspectives about the roles of semiotic science in the translation of religious texts. The findings of this study indicate that the semiotic perspective is able to reveal the dimensions of referential or conceptual meaning of the symbols through the appearance of a supplementary component, which connects literal and figurative meanings conventionally. This effort is carried out through the use of structural semiotic analysis tools, namely by exploring the relationships between symbolic meanings, both syntagmatically and paradigmatically.

РЕЛІГІЙНИЙ ДИСКУРС ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ МОВОЗНАВЧОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРЕКЛАДІВ МАКСИМА ГРЕКА


 
 
 The study was aimed to determine the religion discourse as one which is of great importance in comparative linguistics and theory of translation. It touches both history and theory of translation (grammar theory of translation, in particular) based on such a contradictory personality as Maximus the Greek who left a huge heritage of translated religious texts with his own argumentations of valuable recommendations on how translation of religious texts can impact the understanding of religion in general.
 
 

Translation Strategies and Thai Identities in the English Translated Versions of Thai Buddhist Books: The Case Study of Good Kids Stories with V. Vachiramedhi

Previous studies on translation of religious texts from Thai into English have focused on translation strategies at different levels: word level, sentence level, and discourse level. However, the notion of transferability of Thai identities from the source into target texts are inadequately analysed and little attention has been paid to the translation of Buddhist stories written for children. Consequently, the purposes of this study are to analyse and categorize Thai identities reflected from cultural terms, and to analyse translation strategies of these terms from Thai into English. Good kids stories with V. Vajiramedhi written by Kittiya Leekrongsakul and translated by Peter Montanyano in 2013 were selected in this work. The results of this study revealed various types of Thai identities: (1) Thai ways of life reflected from social status, activities, and gestures and habits (2) beliefs reflected from concepts. Additionally, translation strategies include literal translation, paraphrase, use of loan words, translation using more general words, and addition. These results have implications for translation teachers, and translators in terms of guidance for teaching or translating Thai cultural issues into English. In terms of intercultural communication, this study is essential for foreign readers to have a better understanding of Thai identities.

Translation of Religious Texts: Difficulties and Challenges

Throughout history, people have always tried to get through many different spheres. Their incessant thirst for knowledge brought them in close contact with other cultures and provided them with means to transfer their opinions to other cultures and civilizations that are different or similar to them. One of the effective means of ensuring this cultural exchange is translation. This paper is mainly concerned with the difficulties and the challenges that Arab translators are confronted with when they deal with religious texts. A case in point here is Shalabi’s insightful book, Islam Between Truth and False Allegations: A Response to the False Allegations against Islam.(1997) This religious book is full of instances which demonstrate clearly the diverse difficulties that Arab translators face while translating source texts which encompass very sacred religious terms. It seems that grammatical equivalence, redundancy and paragraphing are the most important key elements that ought to be taken into account in order to produce an accurate and appropriate translation. The main objective in this paper is to draw the reader’s attention to the difficulties and challenges that I encountered while translating some religious extracts from Shalabi’s book.

Christian Translations of the Qur'an into Yoruba and Their Historical Background

This study considers the emergence of the Christian-led Yoruba translations of the Qur'an in south-western Nigeria. The proliferation of translations of religious texts played a significant role in Christian engagement with Islam in Africa in the nineteenth century. With their contact with the European Christians in Sierra Leone following the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade, a sizable number of Yoruba recaptives returned to Yorubaland as missionaries and embarked on translating religious texts into the Yoruba language as part of Christian mission. In 1906, the Reverend M. S. Cole published the first Yoruba translation of the Qur'an, which was also the first translation into an African language. In 1965, E. K. Akinlade published the second Yoruba translation of the Qur'an. This article relates the Christian-led Yoruba translations to a larger scheme of the Christian missionary engagement with Islam and the Yoruba Muslims on a scriptural basis, which was inaugurated by Bishop Crowther in the second half of the nineteenth century. It examines the theological bases and historical circumstances that led to the publication of the early Yoruba translation of the Qur'an. The article then provides an overview of the works in an attempt to identify their aid materials and the motives for the translations.

MODEL TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR’AN TAFSIRIYAH USTAD MUHAMMAD THALIB

Translation is process of transferring idea or searching for matches meaning from the source language to the target language. Translation should pay attention to the rules and methods to ensure equivalence of meaning conveyed in accordance with the original. Translate text should also be treated in accordance with the type and characteristics. Translation of religious texts have different demands with ordinary texts. Religious texts are the word of God, which contains the teachings and should be interpreted according to it’s meant by God. Translate al-Quran is one of them. In this study, the object to be studied is one of the translatoions of the Qur'an Tafsiriyah by Ustad Muhammad Talib. With qualitative descriptive method, using the theory of translation of the Qu’ran Azzarqany and Manna 'al-Qattan are expected to confirm the models and description of their characteristics. After analysis, the conclusion is obtained that translation of the Qur’an Tafsiriyah Ustad Muhammad Thalib belonging to translatios of the Quran interpretation, as theorized by Manna 'al-Qattan. It’s translation characteristics more often refers to a popular interpretation of the holy Quran. In addition, he also determines the parameters, such as logic consideration, and rules of correc language.

Grammaticalization of Estonian saama ‘to get’

This paper presents an overview of the history and usage of the Estonian verb saama ‘to get’. We take the grammaticalization approach which posits that, diachronically, the language unit undergoing grammaticalization becomes more and more abstract, both semantically and functionally. Here we present the grammaticalization story of what was originally a motion verb, which becomes a modal and future auxiliary through various transitional stages. Among the lexical meanings of the verb saama , succeed , possess , and become are the most important in modern Estonian. Among the grammatical functions, the modal uses stand out: the auxiliary verb saama together with the da -infinitive ( inf1 ) of the main verb are used in constructions expressing both participant-internal and participant-external possibility and necessity as well as in epistemic constructions. Furthermore, the present article addresses the resultative-passive constructions of saama with the active past participle ( app /- nud ) and passive past participle ( ppp /- tud ). We present the process of grammatical replication that took place during the period of older Estonian (16th to 19th century) under the influence of German as a contact language. In the translations of religious texts from this period, the verb saama was introduced into written Estonian as a fully grammaticalized auxiliary verb expressing future .

As traduções do jesuíta José de Anchieta para o tupi no Brasil Colonial

<p>As traduções de textos religiosos e as obras de José de Anchieta (1534-1597) em tupi, destinadas à catequese, apresentavam um alto grau de inculturação e tendiam a mesclar termos católicos e indígenas. Basicamente, seus propósitos eram introduzir e difundir os preceitos do Cristianismo na cultura dos nativos do Brasil colonial. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que Anchieta usou em suas traduções termos da cosmologia indígena para ilustrar conceitos cristãos sem, contudo, levar em conta seus verdadeiros significados originais. Para isso, inicialmente, analisaremos o cenário da colonização na América espanhola e portuguesa e as ações missionárias lideradas pela Companhia de Jesus. Também serão analisadas as características da língua tupi e trechos selecionados dos textos de José de Anchieta que contêm suas traduções para o tupi de importantes conceitos cristãos.</p>

The Juvenile Translations of Elizabeth Tudor

The translations made by the Princess Elizabeth between 1544 and 1547/8 were undertaken as New Year gifts for members of her family. This article analyses the contexts of, and choices made in, the surviving productions. All are translations of religious texts: her stepmother Katherine Parr's Prayers or Medytacions, Marguerite de Navarre's Miroir de l'âme pecheresse, Jean Calvin's Institution de la religion chrestienne (Chapter 1), and a sermon from the Italian of Bernardino Ochino. In their different ways, all can be seen as reflecting the distinctive pressures brought about by Henry VIII's personalizing of political and religious issues.

High Frontiers: Himalayan Pastoralists in a Changing World (review)

Kenneth M. Bauer, High Frontiers: Himalayan Pastoralists in a Changing World. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. 320 pp. One of the reasons we human beings so fascinated by pictures from the moon or Mars is that we want to see if the landscapes of those places look anything like those on earth-another version of the are we alone? question. And for the same reason we fascinated by photographs of remote and desolate places like Tibet or Nepal, because we think maybe that's how things look on the moon or Mars. We even sometimes describe them as being lunar in character, which makes them seem more inhospitable and hostile than they really are. The many coffee-table picture books by photographers, journalists, and others testimony to this romanticization of places that are, from the point of view of people who don't live there and write the books, off the beaten path, although to the inhabitants themselves life may seem quite quotidian. At the other extreme from this genre of travel and journalistic pictorial accounts those written by textual scholars, who go to these places to discover, and bring back, the wisdom of the east views-i.e., translations of religious texts that often only remotely connected with the lives of ordinary people who live there. Or they may take the form of teachings of learned priests whose knowledge of scriptural tradition far transcends that of lay people. For the most part these different groups of authors-the journalistic and the esoteric-with different interests and competencies. At what I like to think of as a more epistemologically open and empirically grounded level the studies of anthropologists and practitioners of such anthropologically-inclined disciplines as geography. Kenneth Bauer nicely exemplifies the latter species. In this book, he attempts to give us a sweeping view of how pastoralists living in one of these remote areas-the region of northwest Nepal called Dolpo-not only live their daily and seasonal lives, but more specifically how they have adapted in the last forty or so years to changes in their economic, political, and cultural circumstances. Therefore, anthropologists interested in minute details of Buddhist belief and practice, fine-grained analysis of kinship and family structure, or the ever-enticing loadstone of polyandry will be disappointed. What they will find is a broad-spectrum examination of the unsettling effects of encroaching Han Chinese to the north, high-caste Nepalese presences to the south, and the wide-ranging changes-ecological, cultural, symbolic, religious-they have left in their wash. The ruling classes of both those countries regard people like those who live in Dolpo as uncultured and unrefined barbarians, somewhere off in the peripheral mists. That these ruling classes probably also regard each other in equally contemptuous ways is of no help to the people of Dolpo. While Bauer's affection for Dolpo and its people comes through loud and clear, his stress is on local creativity and tenacity rather than nostalgia for some mythical good old days of a by-gone era. Bauer's main emphasis is on how the triangulated system of agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade, separately and in connection with each other, play major roles in the lives of Dolpo people. He is, in anthropo-geographical terms, a possibilist: that is, the environment makes some characteristics of social and cultural life possible, but it doesn't determine them. He does this by showing how various configurations of these three components can and do change as internal and external pressures move them in different directions. He grounds Dolpo life in the exigencies of everyday existence, but, like many other anthropologists during the last century, he is unable to reconcile some ethnographic practices with geographic conditions-e.g., the great importance attached to keeping horses with the lack of using mare's milk (unlike Central Asian pastoralists). …

'Sekukuni, Listen!, Banna!, and to The Children of Frederick the Great and Our Kaiser Wilhelm': Documents in The Social and Religious History Of The Transvaal, 1860-1890

AbstractEncountering colonialism and Christianity, African people became intertwined with the development of a documentary culture in the Northern Transvaal. In the second half of the nineteenth century Africans, missionaries and settlers produced and read Bibles, codes of law, newspaper articles, translations of religious texts and church declarations. As a result of multifaceted social interaction, African people's attitudes were never an exclusively African business. The article shows how certain peoples cherished the technical skills of reading and writing, while others defined literacy as a subordinate instrument employable only for the attainment of religious goals. It argues that especially missionaries' and Africans' attitudes towards documents changed as a response to the broader economic and social transformations in the area. It also points out how the new Christian elite tried to use literacy as a window to the European reading public and how they produced documents of their own in which they ixed important parameters of African Christianity.

Muslim Religious Education in China

Despite their diversity, China’s Muslims have been engaged for twenty years in a process of reaffirmation of their religion and identity: construction and renovation of mosques, dissemination of information on Islam in the world, translation of religious texts, etc. As is the case in the rest of the Muslim world, their efforts have also been aimed at the field of education. At first, in the early 1980s, education was restricted to the mosque schools, but quickly, through individual or collect...

The Translation of Religious Texts

The Translation of Religious Texts