Translation Method Research Articles

A Comparative Analysis of Ivanhoe and the Translation

Walter Scott (1771-1832), a great English novelist in the 19th century. His historical novel Ivanhoe tells the story of England’s struggle for the throne and romantic adventure in the end of the 12th century. This paper will take the co-translated version of Ivanhoe by Zhang Yi and Mr. Liu Zunqi as the research object, and analyze the translation methods embodied in the translation version. It will focus on how the translator deals with the original text. This paper will first introduce the main situation of the original work and the author of Ivanhoe. Secondly, from the perspective of vocabulary, narrative and rhetoric, through a large number of typical examples in the original text and translation, this paper will compare the version of Zhang Yi and Liu Zunqi with the original text, analyzing the specific processing methods and techniques of the translation. This kind of research is conducive to further deepen the readers’ understanding of the application of specific strategies and methods in the process of translation of Liu and Zhang’s translation, to further promote the public’s understanding and research of Ivanhoe.

Особенности китайских экономических терминов и их перевода на русский язык

This article is devoted to the problems of Chinese terminology, which appeared relatively recently, as well as the translation of Chinese economic terms. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of Chinese economic terms and find the best ways to translate them into Russian. The study involved analyzing 942 economic terms from 115 Chinese media texts. These terms were then classified based on two key criteria: their form and their partial affiliation. The scientific novelty lies in difingn these criteria which are crucial for understanding the nature of Chinese economic terms and can significantly impact the choice of translation method when rendering them into Russian. This approach represents a significant advance in the field, as previous classifications of Chinese (non-economic) terms only focused on word formation and did not consider other important factors. By considering both form and partial affiliation, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the terms and make more accurate translations. The results showed that 98% of Chinese economic terms are word combinations that reach up to 12 components, in other words, hieroglyphs, in the composition (the most common are two-component ones), between which attributive and copulative types of relations are distinguished. When translating such multicomponent terms into Russian through various translation transformations, in most cases they formally correspond to one lexeme, which does not always reflect the completeness of the meaning (semantic, stylistic, pragmatic). Therefore, the depth of perception of Chinese economic reality would help to convey the inclusion of a linguistic and cultural commentary from the translator due to significant differences in the economy, culture and mentality of the two countries.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (Pr-WEMWBS)

Background: The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is one of the most important scales for measuring mental well-being, and it has been translated into various languages. Objectives: This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (Pr-WEMWBS). Methods: Face and content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were assessed. The WEMWBS was translated using the forward-backward translation method. Eleven employees and eight experts evaluated the face and content validity of the scale. A total of 193 employees were recruited for construct validity, and 36 employees were involved in the test-retest reliability assessment. Results: The impact score for all items was above 4.30. In the EFA, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.87, and Bartlett's test (χ2 = 1216.28, P ≤ 0.000) confirmed the adequacy of the sample size. Using direct Oblimin rotation, three latent factors were extracted with eigenvalues greater than 1. In the CFA, the model fit summary indices were satisfactory (GFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.10, CFI = 1.00, CMIN/DF = 2.91, PNFI = 0.673, PCFI = 0.714). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.901. The mean ICC was 0.889 (range: 0.863 to 0.912). Conclusions: The Pr-WEMWBS demonstrates good validity and reliability across most psychometric indices, making it suitable for use in Persian-speaking communities.

Unpaired Remote Sensing Image Dehazing Using Enhanced Skip Attention-Based Generative Adversarial Networks with Rotation Invariance

Remote sensing image dehazing aims to enhance the visibility of hazy images and improve the quality of remote sensing imagery, which is essential for various applications such as object detection and classification. However, the lack of paired data in remote sensing image dehazing enhances the applications of unpaired image-to-image translation methods. Nonetheless, the considerable parameter size of such methods often leads to prolonged training times and substantial resource consumption. In this work, we propose SPRGAN, a novel approach leveraging Enhanced Perlin Noise-Based Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with Rotation Invariance to address these challenges. Firstly, we introduce a Spatial-Spectrum Attention (SSA) mechanism with Skip-Attention (SKIPAT) to enhance the model’s ability to interpret and process spectral information in hazy images. Additionally, we have significantly reduced computational overhead to streamline processing. Secondly, our approach combines Perlin Noise Masks in pre-training to simulate real foggy conditions, thereby accelerating convergence and enhancing performance. Then, we introduce a Rotation Loss (RT Loss) to ensure the model’s ability to dehaze images from different angles uniformly, thus enhancing its robustness and adaptability to diverse scenarios. At last, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPRGAN in remote sensing image dehazing, achieving better performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Taming diffusion model for exemplar-based image translation

Exemplar-based image translation involves converting semantic masks into photorealistic images that adopt the style of a given exemplar. However, most existing GAN-based translation methods fail to produce photorealistic results. In this study, we propose a new diffusion model-based approach for generating high-quality images that are semantically aligned with the input mask and resemble an exemplar in style. The proposed method trains a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) with a SPADE module to integrate the semantic map. We then used a novel contextual loss and auxiliary color loss to guide the optimization process, resulting in images that were visually pleasing and semantically accurate. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of both visual quality and quantitative metrics.

A Study on The Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in the English Translation

The term “culture-loaded words” is a sign of national culture, which means that the distinctive national culture is directly or indirectly reflected in the language vocabulary. The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the characteristics of the translation strategies used by Howard Goldblatt in his translation The Song of King Gesar, which reflects the unique culture of Chinese ethnic minorities, in order to provide a academic perspective combining qualitative and quantitative research on the translation strategies of culture-loaded words, so as to make a modest contribution to the promotion of linguistic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. According to Nida’s classification criteria of cultural types, culture-loaded words can be divided into five major categories: “economic culture-loaded word, material culture-loaded word, social culture-loaded word, religious culture-loaded word, linguistic culture-loaded word”. At present, most of the studies on the translation methods of culture-loaded words adopt the method of qualitative research, namely analyzing the translation methods of individual translation cases in the research object according to the theory. Therefore, this paper adopts a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to study the culture-loaded words in The Song of King Gesar based on the corpus.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Patient-Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure in Multiple Sclerosis.

We aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Patient-Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure (PRISM-TR). Expert opinions and the forward-back translation method were used for linguistic validation. Cronbach α and test-retest analysis were performed for reliability analysis. Correlations between the PRISM-TR and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were assessed. A total of 206 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS; 139 women; mean age, 47.7 ± 11.3 years; mean EDSS score, 5.2 ± 1.5) who had not had a relapse in the previous 3 months were included in the study. Test-retest correlation coefficients were high for all subdimensions of the scale (0.95-0.99). All Cronbach α values for the PRISM-TR subdimensions, except for Positive Impact, were likewise quite high (0.85-0.94). PRISM-TR subscale scores were correlated with MAS, NRS, and EDSS scores (P < .001). PRISM-TR is a valid and reliable scale for use with Turkish individuals with MS. It is simple to use in the clinic and can be helpful in detecting patients' spasticity early in the disease course.

Research on Translation Strategies for Games Localization: A Case Study of League of Legends

With the rapid development of the digital technology, more and more e-sports games are accepted and recognized by the public. There are many games imported from abroad in Chinese gaming market. In addition to their super-excellent quality, what is more important is that they have achieved successful game localization after entering China. The most crucial aspect of game localization is translation of game texts, and translators often need to choose different translation strategies for different types of game texts to meet the needs of the target market and audiences. By analyzing the translation texts of the popular game League of Legends, it can be found that comprehensively applying various translation methods to different game texts of the game, its translation quality can be improved, making it much easier for the target audience to accept it.

A method for calculating the lateral earth pressure on rigid anti-slip piles with EPS inclusions

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) inclusions are placed between rigid anti-slip pile-free sections and slopes, causing soil displacement and transforming the lateral earth pressure from a static to an active state. This study proposes a calculation method for estimating the lateral pressure on rigid anti-slip piles with EPS inclusions based on the deformation coordination of the rigid pile–EPS geofoam–soil composite system and soil-arching effect behind the pile using the polar coordinate translation and oblique differential-unit methods. A FLAC3D numerical model, designed to verify the theoretical results and analyse the effect of load reduction due to EPS inclusions, confirmed the validity of the proposed calculation method. The load-reduction effect of EPS inclusions were positively and negatively correlated with the thickness and elastic modulus of the EPS specimen, respectively. Finally, three EPS-inclusion design methods are proposed; specimens manufactured by the first two methods facilitate both the load-reduction effect and poor economic efficiency, whereas those manufactured by the third method show excellent load reduction with economic efficiency. The results of this study contribute significantly towards research on EPS inclusions that could facilitate high-performance engineering and construction applications.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method and Unit-Shift on Translation-accuracy of Students at Intermediate Level in EFL Contexts

Translating a Source Text into a Target Language becomes inevitable in the EFL context. Though the complete equivalence of the Source Text into the Target Language is not yet possible, the translation accuracy reduces the loss of the equivalence gap between the Source Text and the Target Language. The current study aims to explain the effectiveness of two translation methods i.e., Grammar Translation Method and Unit-shift in translation accuracy of the students at intermediate level in the EFL contexts. The data for this study is collected through a field survey and teaching in the actual classroom and post-tests. This is a mixed-method study using quantitative data to support the qualitative analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using the Quantitative Content Analysis theory by Bernard (1952) and Translation Shifts by Catford (1965). The findings of the study have revealed that unit shifts have helped increase the translation accuracy of the students at an intermediate level in the EFL contexts by 11.82% as compared to the Grammar Translation Method. This study helps find the effectiveness of unit shifts in solving the problems faced by intermediate students during the process of translation.

Analisis Metode Penerjemahan dalam Novel “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”

Comparing the translation of literary works and the translation of scientific texts shows the differences in terms of complexity and challenges. One example of a literary work is a novel. Novels with figurative language and idiomatic expressions certainly need to be translated accurately for the target readers. This study aims to explain the translation methods used in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data sources in this study are taken from the original English novel published by D. Appleton and Co in 1866 and the Indonesian translation translated by Inkraian in 2015 published through wattpad. The research was conducted using the translation method proposed by Newmark (1998). The results show that there are seven translation methods used in translating Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, namely 6 data for literal translation, 6 data for free translation, 5 data for faithful translation, 4 data for communicative translation, 4 data for adaptation translation, 3 data for semantic translation, and 2 data for idiomatic translation.

Analysis of the Translation Methods of Edgar Allan Poe's Short Story 'The Tell-Tale Heart' Based on Newmark's Theory

This research analyses the translation methods used by Harum Wibowo in translating Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" based on Peter Newmark's translation theory. This research identifies and assesses the translation methods utilized and examines their alignment with Newmark's theory, including eight translation methods: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, communicative translation, semantic translation, adaptation, and free translation. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the translator tends to use communicative translation methods to maintain the horror nuances and Poe's distinctive language style. Additionally, some parts of the text show the use of modulation and transposition procedure to align with the target culture's context. This research is anticipated to enhance the understanding of the application of Newmark's theory in literary translation and assist translators in selecting appropriate methods to preserve the meaning and emotional impact of translated texts.

A comprehensive measure assessing different types of problematic use of the internet among Chinese adolescents: The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11)

BackgroundProblematic use of the internet (PUI) is prevalent, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Given the limited measures to assess specific types of PUI, which encompasses a broad spectrum of activities such as online gaming, social media use, pornography use, shopping, gambling, and web-streaming, Muller et al. (2022) developed the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) to comprehensively assess different types of PUI (i.e., gaming, shopping, social media use, gambling, and pornography use). The present study aimed to validate the Chinese ACSID-11 among adolescents incorporating cross-cultural adaptations. MethodsUsing forward-backward translation method, a culturally adapted version of the ACSID-11 was prepared. Then, a cross-sectional online survey was administered between September 8 and September 26, 2023. Adolescents, using a convenience sample (N = 11,492; mean age = 16.42 years [SD ± 0.91]; 59.1% male), were recruited from six schools to complete the translated ACSID-11, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) via an online platform. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed convergent/discriminant validity. Factor structure and measurement invariance were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega tested internal consistency. ResultsAssociations between the ACSID-11 components and other scales supported convergent validity (i.e., ACSID-11 gaming scale with IGDS9-SF [0.37 ≤ r ≤ 0.41]; social networks use scale with BSMAS [0.24 ≤ r ≤ 0.31]) and discriminant validity (i.e., online gambling scale with BSMAS [0.16 ≤ r ≤ 0.19] and with SABAS [0.11 ≤ r ≤ 0.13]). A four-factor solution indicated good fit with comparative fit index (CFI) ranging from 0.982 to 0.958. The ACSID-11 was measurement invariant across sexes (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000) and different levels of related addictive behaviors (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000). Both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega (0.63 to 0.97) were acceptable for both frequency and intensity of responses. ConclusionsThe ACSID-11 is an appropriate scale to assess different kinds of PUI among Chinese adolescents and students. Psychometric assessment of the measure in other cultures and among clinical samples is recommended.

APPLICATION OF EQUIVALENT TRANSLATION AND LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSLATION OF ABSTRACT NOUNS (cased on the material of the work of S. Collins “The Hunger Games”)

The article generally analyzes the translation methods of abstract nouns in the fantastic work “The Hunger Games” by S. Collins using equivalent translation and lexical transformations. This question is relevant for modern translation studies since abstract nouns play asignificant role in the systems of modern languages of the world and are a large group among other classes of nouns. The author explores the specifics of translating abstract concepts in the context of fantasy literature and considers various strategies that can be used to preserve the meaning and emotional nuance of the original. Based on examples from The Hunger Games, the author shows which vocabulary transformations can be used to achieve the most accurate and effective translation. The results of the study indicate the importance of a careful approach to the translation of abstract nouns in the fantasy genre and the use of various translation strategies. The relevance of the research, therefore, is determined by the insufficient degree of study of the problem of translating abstract nouns in fiction from English to Ukrainian. We see the prospects of the research in the analysis of lexical transformations in the translation of textfragments with abstract nouns in the Ukrainian language.

Adaptation and Validation of the Post-Pandemic Health Promotion Behavior of Young Adults in the Digital Age (PS-SGD) Scale in the Turkish Population.

Young adulthood is a critical developmental period in which individuals establish life-long health behaviors and take responsibility for their own health care. Health promotion strategies tailored to young adults, leveraging digital tools, and addressing challenges exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The aim of this study was to adapt the post-pandemic health promotion behavior of young adults in the digital age (PS-SGD) scale to the Turkish population in order to assess and compare the health behavior of young adults after the pandemic. A total of 312 participants, aged between 19 and 29 years, were included in the study via non-probabilistic criterion sampling, while the Turkish adaptation process started with translation and back translation methods performed with three language and two health science experts. For statistical analysis, EFA and CFA were conducted to evaluate internal consistency and structural validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to confirm the structure of the six sub-dimensions. Additionally, measurement invariance was examined regarding participants' gender to determine if the scale accurately captured similar traits across diverse groups. The relationship between the test-retest data was tested by Pearson correlation to measure consistency and its invariance over time. The gender distribution of the sample was found to be 61.3% female and 38.7% male. According to the results of EFA, items 8 and 18 were removed from the Turkish-adapted version. As a result of the reliability analysis conducted with the Turkish version of the scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.851 for the post-pandemic health promotion behavior. Additionally, the scale was rated as reliable with the following Cronbach alpha values: 0.79 for the "personal hygiene", 0.78 for "dietary habits", 0.72 for "using mobile devices", 0.70 for "emotional health", 0.68 for "health care and physical activity", and 0.51 for "social health" sub-dimensions. To examine the six sub-dimension factor structures of the scale, fit indices were calculated as χ2/df (1.722), GFI (0.894), IFI (0.908), TLI (0.892), CFI (0.907), RMSEA (0.048), and SRMR (0.057) and were within acceptable limits. Findings of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for measurement invariance were less than or equal to 0.01 for the ∆CFI and ∆RMSEA values across all indices. Consequently, it was observed that the item-factor structure, factor loadings, variances, covariances, and error variances of the scale were equivalent for both male and female young adults, while test-retest results showed a high positive correlation. The Turkish version of the post-pandemic health promotion behavior scale of young adults in the digital age scale, consisting of 25 items and six subscales, was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to measure health promotion behavior in young adults aged 19-29 years.

Application of Free Translation Method in Lexical and Syntactic Level of Translation of Investigating Classroom Discourse

Based on practical experience translating Steve Walsh s Investigating Classroom Discourse, this paper explores the application of free translation in academic contexts. Despite high scholarly regard for classroom discourse analysis, this study delves into the role of free translation in this field, highlighting its theoretical and practical feasibility. This approach aims to make such analysis more accessible to Chinese educators, enhancing domestic teaching practices and deepening insights into bilingual education.

Translation of English Future Tense in the Novel And Then There Were None

To be a good translator, having linguistic competence is a must. One of the linguistic competencies is the mastery of tenses, for instance future tenses in both the source language (SL) and target languages (TL). The aim of this research is to understand the similarities and differences in forms of future expression in English and Indonesian. The data source was obtained from dialogue or utterances in the novel And Then There Were None and the translated novel entitled Lalu Semuanya Lenyap. In addition, the author will also analyze various translation strategies used by translators in transferring future concepts of SL into TL. This research is descriptive research with qualitative methods. The research results show that English and Indonesian tend to express the future lexically. In the source text, future forms of expression are formed with the auxiliary words "will", "be going to", "be about to", and present progressive tense, while in the target text, future forms of expression are expressed with intentional modality, epistomic modality, and dynamic modality. Meanwhile, the translation strategies used are modulation translation procedures, reduction, transposition, and literal translation methods

SAST: A self-attention based method for skill translation in T-shaped expert finding

Nowadays, organizations are seeking professionals who can both excel in their areas of expertise and collaborate effectively across different disciplines. This demand has given rise to the concept of T-shaped experts who possess a deep understanding of one topic domain and a broad knowledge of several others. This combination allows these professionals to be more creative, flexible, and adaptable in problem-solving by leveraging their diverse perspectives and experiences. To find T-shaped experts in any skill area, we need to measure how deep and wide their knowledge is. In this paper, we present a novel translation-based method to estimate each user's depth of knowledge in a given skill area. The proposed method leverages a self-attention-based multi-label classification network to identify the most relevant translations for each skill that belongs to the given skill area. We utilize two new methods based on binary cross-entropy and focal loss to determine whether a user's expertise shape matches the T-shaped. We evaluate the proposed method using the standard benchmark datasets. The experimental results on three collections of the StackOverflow dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods in comparison with existing baselines.

Discovering 3D hidden elasticity in isotropic and transversely isotropic materials with physics-informed UNets

Three-dimensional variation in structural components or fiber alignments results in complex mechanical property distribution in tissues and biomaterials. In this paper, we use a physics-informed UNet-based neural network model (El-UNet) to discover the three-dimensional (3D) internal composition and space-dependent material properties of heterogeneous isotropic and transversely isotropic materials without a priori knowledge of the composition. We then show the capabilities of El-UNet by validating against data obtained from finite-element simulations of two soft tissues, namely, brain tissue and articular cartilage, under various loading conditions. We first simulated compressive loading of 3D brain tissue comprising of distinct white matter and gray matter mechanical properties undergoing small strains with isotropic linear elastic behavior, where El-UNet reached mean absolute relative errors under 1.5 % for elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio estimations across the 3D volume. We showed that the 3D solution achieved by El-UNet was superior to relative stiffness mapping by inverse of axial strain and two-dimensional plane stress/plane strain approximations. Additionally, we simulated a transversely isotropic articular cartilage with known fiber orientations undergoing compressive loading, and accurately estimated the spatial distribution of all five material parameters, with mean absolute relative errors under 5 %. Our work demonstrates the application of the computationally efficient physics-informed El-UNet in 3D elasticity imaging and provides methods for translation to experimental 3D characterization of soft tissues and other materials. The proposed El-UNet offers a powerful tool for both in vitro and ex vivo tissue analysis, with potential extensions to in vivo diagnostics. Statement of significanceElasticity imaging is a technique that reconstructs mechanical properties of tissue using deformation and force measurements. Given the complexity of this reconstruction, most existing methods have mostly focused on 2D problems. Our work is the first implementation of physics-informed UNets to reconstruct three-dimensional material parameter distributions for isotropic and transversely isotropic linear elastic materials by having deformation and force measurements. We comprehensively validate our model using synthetic data generated using finite element models of biological tissues with high bio-fidelity–the brain and articular cartilage. Our method can be implemented in elasticity imaging scenarios for in vitro and ex vivo mechanical characterization of biomaterials and biological tissues, with potential extensions to in vivo diagnostics.

Utilizing Grammar Translation Method in Teaching Reading and Writing: An Experimental Study

The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the grammar translation method in teaching reading and writing, assessing whether this technique leads to better learning results compared to conventional teaching methods. Utilizing a quasi-experimental method, the study revealed that there was a significant difference in the achievements of students in reading and writing in their pretest and posttest in the class. The findings suggested that employing the grammar translation method enhanced students' proficiency in reading and writing. Therefore, employing this approach might produce better outcomes than solely depending on the second language method, thereby enhancing students' academic performance. The results indicated that the grammar translation method was effective in teaching Reading and Writing to Technical Vocational Livelihood students, showing positive academic results. Hence, it was recommended to apply the method to additional Reading and Writing topics beyond those examined in the study. Moreover, future researchers were encouraged to adopt the methodology and investigate its effects not only academically but also across social, psychological, and physical domains.