Transferrin Phenotypes Research Articles

Serum Transferrin Phenotypes in Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, from the Hudson River

Three transferrin phenotypes observed in the serum of striped bass,Morone saxatilis, are described genetically as representing two alleles at a single locus. The distribution of the phenotypes Tf A, Tf B and Tf AB did not differ significantly among samples collected from the Hudson River, suggesting that all fish sampled were of one homogeneous population.

Serum transferrin phenotypes in striped bass,Morone saxatilis, from the Hudson River

Serum transferrin phenotypes in striped bass,Morone saxatilis, from the Hudson River

Genetic studies of serum transferrins of free-ranging rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago, Macaca mulatta (Zimmerman 1780).

AbstractTransferrin phenotypes of plasma from 687 semi‐free‐ranging Macaca mulatta living on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, were determined by starch‐gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Fifteen phenotypes, homozygous or heterozygous products of six codominant autosomal alleles, were present in the population. The 687 animals, prior to March 1973, were divided into eight troops plus peripheral males. By March 1, 1973 the size of the population was reduced to 333 animals, consisting of four troops plus peripheral males. The distributions of transferrin phenotypes and allele frequencies were determined for the population of 687 animals and for 287 of the March 1973 population of 333 animals. Gametic ratios of 382 offspring of 126 females were enumerated. Statistical tests of homogeneity and equilibrium were applied to the data. The results of these tests suggest that, with only a few exceptions, the Cayo Santiago macaques, although divided into social groups, form a single population, and the results are in accord with behavioral observations. The authors suggest that the data on transferrins provide a good baseline for future genetic and ethological studies of evolutionary processes in a population of nonhuman primates.

Transferrin Variation in North American Populations of the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

A latitudinal cline was indicated by the frequency of the Tf4 transferrin allele in North American populations of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and an earlier suggestion of a major genetic discontinuity between the salmon populations of Newfoundland and those of the Canadian Maritimes is rejected.Male one-sea-winter fish had a statistically significant deficit of heterozygotes but transferrin phenotypes of one-sea-winter females and two-sea-winter or older fish of either sex agreed closely with the predictions of Hardy–Weinberg–Castle equilibria. Heterozygosity for Tf4 may be semilethal in male salmon programmed to return to spawn after one winter at sea.A comparison of anadromous and nonanadromous salmon populations from the same river system demonstrated that considerable genetic divergence can take place when postglacial crustal recovery produces barriers to upstream migration. The relative fitnesses of the transferrin phenotypes may be different for anadromous and nonanadromous life styles. In view of the demonstrated genetic divergence between anadromous and nonanadromous salmon stocks, the practice of "improving" salmon rivers by removing natural obstructions to upstream migration must be reconsidered in the case of river systems which have large stocks of nonanadromous salmon.

Polymorphism of prealbumins and transferring in blood serum of pigs of Polish Large white breed

Determinations of prealbumin and transferrin phenotypes were made on 171 Large White Polish pigs. Family investigations proved that the prealbumins are determined by two alleles, Pa (A) and Pa (B) , which are inherited on the basis of co-domination. The frequency of alleles Pa A , Pa B , and Tf A , Tf B and Tf C amounts to 0,6637, 0,3363 and 0,4941, 0,5020 and 0,0039, respectively. No essential differences were noted between the breeding groups of animals of various phenotypes such as Pa AA, Pa AB, Pa BB and Tf AA, Tf AB when cons idering such factors as average number of piglets, average weights of litters after farrowing and at 21 days in age, average milking capacity of sows and evaluation of sows on a 100-point scale.

Genetic variation in the genus Bufo. I. An extreme degree of transferrin and albumin polymorphism in a population of the American toad (Bufo americanus).

A population of Bufo americanus from southwestern Ohio exhibited an extreme degree of transferrin and albumin polymorphism. One hundred and eighty-five individuals were collected from this population, and their transferrin and albumin phenotypes were determined by vertical acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirteen transferrin alleles were present in 36 phenotypes, and 11 albumin alleles were present in 29 phenotypes. A deficiency of heterozygotes occurred at both protein loci. The possible mechanisms responsible for the polymorphism and deficiency of heterozygotes are discussed.

Transferrins in Macaca irus.

Various transferrin phenotypes have been found in Macaca irus and their distribution conforms to the Hardy-Weinberg law. The genetics of these phenotypes is discussed. A survey of published studies shows that there are several systems of naming transferrins, and consequently, comparison of gene frequencies is not possible. For this reason, the nomenclature proposed for macaque red acid phosphatases in a previous study has been adopted for use here.

Serum proteins in bull seminal vesicle fluid

1. Serum albumin and transferrin were demonstrated in bull (Bos taurus frontosus-male) seminal vesicle fluid. 2. The seminal vesicle fluid proteins showed an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of blood serum albumin and transferrin. 3. Transferrin phenotypes were the same in the seminal vesicle fluid as in the serum of the three compared bulls. 4. The gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 revealed the same molecular weight of the corresponding proteins in the bull fluids. 5. Either albumin or transferrin of the seminal vesicle fluid cross-reacts with the corresponding serum protein on immunoelectrophoresis.

Phenotype frequencies for four serum proteins in Afghanistan: two "new" albumin variants.

Albumin, haptoglobin, Gc and transferrin phenotype frequencies for 251 related Pushtoons from Afghanistan are presented. Two new albumin variants, albumins Afghanistan and Pushtoon, have been identified.

Karyotypes and serum transferrin patterns of hybrids between Asian and Oceanian black rats, Rattus rattus.

Karyotypes and serum transferrin patterns were examined in Asian and Oceanian black rats (R. rattus). Japanese R. r. tanezumi and Malayan R. r. diardii had 2n=42, but Australian and New Guinea R. r. rattus showed 2n=38 chromosomes. F1 hybrids between Japanese and Australian rats and Malayan and New Guinea rats had 2n=40 chromosomes which consists of the two genomes of both parents. Although various matings between the F1 hybrids were made, only one F2 male rat with 2n=39 chromosomes was obtained. The F1 hybrids seem to be semisterile. Parental transferrin phenotypes were TfR in Japanese rats and TfCD in Oceanian rats. F1 hybrids examined showed TfRD in both male and female and one F2 hybrid had TfR type transferrin. Based on the above investigations, it is suggested that Asian and Oceanian black rats are geographically isolated and evolved different chromosomal and serum transferrin characteristics, but the sexual isolation of the two groups is incomplete at the present time.

Transferrin Polymorphism in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Six transferrin phenotypes observed in sera of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were interpreted as a reflection of three alleles — TfA, TfB, and TfC— at a single locus. The distribution of these alleles differed significantly among samples collected from streams entering Puget Sound and tributaries of the Columbia River, suggesting a potential usefulness of this system for stock identification.

Genetic variation in the eel. II. Transferrins, haemoglobins and esterases in the eastern North Atlantic. Possible interpretations of phenotypic frequency differences.

SUMMARYComparison, by electrophoretic methods, of eel samples from Iceland, Scotland and Germany confirmed previous reports of uniformity in haemoglobin types. When liver esterases were examined, significant differences in the frequencies of phenotypes in the ‘fast’ zone of the electropherogram were found between samples from Germany and samples from Iceland and Scotland. The frequencies of transferrin phenotypes in Icelandic and Scottish eels differed significantly from those of French and American eels.It follows that regional differences in gene frequencies probably exist within the speciesAnguilla anguilla. The implications for the ‘atlantic eel problem’ are briefly discussed.

Disturbed segregation at the transferrin locus of the deer mouse.

SUMMARYAnomalous frequencies of transferrin phenotypes were found among the offspring of matings between deer mice heterozygous for the two forms of transferrin most common in natural populations. Matings involving other phenotypes produced offspring in the expected phenotypic frequencies. Selective penetration by facility, occurring only in the reproductive tract of the heterozygous females, appears to provide the most satisfactory explanation for the observations.

Distribution of transferrin phenotypes in selected troops of Kenya baboons.

AbstractThe distribution of transferrin alleles in a group of common baboons, Papio cynocephalus of East Africa, was determined after starch gel electrophoresis of plasma and autoradiography of electrophoretograms. Three alleles, TfA, TfB, and TfC, were found, in agreement with results previously reported. The frequencies of these alleles are TfA = 0.276, TfB = 0.515, Tfc = 0.209. The difference between the frequencies reported here and those reported by Buettner‐Janusch (1963 Folia Primat., 1: 73–87) for the same species (TfA = 0.205, TfB = 0.332, Tfc = 0.463) is significant. Transferrin of P. cynocephalus contains four residues of sialic acid per molecule of transferrin, as determined by electrophoresis and autoradiography of plasma treated with neuraminidase.

Hemoglobins, haptoglobins, and transferrins in indigenous populations of Kenya.

AbstractHemoglobin, haptoglobin, and transferrin phenotypes were determined by means of starch‐gel electrophoresis for a sample of 226 Kenya hospital patients. Allele frequencies were: HbβS=0.081; Hp1=0.057; TfD=0.038. Hemoglobin S was the only aberrant hemoglobin found in this sample. Transferrins C and D were the only transferrins found. Hemoglobin and transferrin phenotypes were also determined for a sample of 201 newborn Kenya infants. One of these infants had hemoglobins F, S, and C, eight had hemoglobins A, F, and S, and the remainder had hemoglobins A and F. Transferrins C, B, and D were found in this sample. Allele frequencies were: TfB=0.008; TfD=0.019.

Haptoglobin and transferrin variants in two Congolese Bantu tribes.

The distributions of haptoglobin and transferrin phenotypes were examined in a population sample of Africans belonging to the Basakata and Nkundu tribes in Congo. The transferrin variants Bx and Dj were observed. The frequency of the haptoglobin gene Hpl was 0.54 and a significant inbreeding effect was found with respect to the distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes.

The concentration of Gc globulin and transferrin in human fetal and infant sera.

The serum level of Gc globulin and transferrin was determined by radial immunodiffusion in a group of fetal, neonatal, infant and adult sera. The results show an even increase of both these proteins from the early stages of intrauterine life to the end of the first year. At birth, the Gc globulin concentration is almost the same as in adult controls, and the transferrin level is significantly below the normal adult value. Both reach clearly the adult level during the first few months of life. Infants aged six to twelve months have Gc globulin and transferrin concentrations higher than in normal adults. Gc and transferrin phenotypes were readily determinable also in the smallest fetuses with a crown‐heel length of 9 to 12 cm.

An alternative method in distinguishing cattle transferrin phenotypes.

A modification of the method described by Kristjansson (1963) allows easier distinction of the components and position of every major cattle transferrin phenotype. The modification is based on increasing the percentage of starch (15%) and reducing the pH of the gel buffer to 6.8. In all the experiments, when a voltage of 350 was applied, a tray of ice was placed over the starch gel for the remainder of the electrophoresis. Different cattle transferrin phenotypes from our modified electrophoresis method are composed as follows: Type A, 4 bands; D1, 4 bands; D1D2, 4 bands; D2, 4 bands; E, 4 bands; AD1, 6 bands; AD2, 6 bands; AE, 8 bands and sometimes 9 bands; D1E, 6 bands and sometimes 7 bands; and D2E, 6 bands. The position of the fourth D band is distinctly different in D1 vs. D2 types.

Determination of transferrin types in cattle by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

997 samples of cattle serum were separated by means of polyacrylamidgelelectrophoresis and the frequency of transferrin phenotypes were determined. The electrophoresis was carried out in outfit for vertical gel electrophoresis according toRaymond 2. For better resolution of proteins 2 gels of different density were used for separation. The method offers the possibility to compare the samples directly.

Plasma transferrin phenotype and gene frequencies in the population of Rome (Italy).

Frequencies of transferrin phenotypes and genes were determined in a sample of 319 randomly selected subjects from the population of Rome. Disc electrophoresis on acrylamide gel columns was adopted for the phenotype identification. A statistical analysis on these and all the data so far collected in other areas of the world would suggest that a high degree of homogeneity is present among white populations, while a certain degree of heterogeneity exists among coloured populations.