Transfer Theory Research Articles

Social media commerce: an empirical study of platform, people and information from the trust transfer perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine the mechanisms underlying social media commerce by investigating the interplay between platforms, people and information. Drawing upon trust transfer theory, the research model proposes that the platform’s information provision enhances the credibility of the information source, leading to increased information usefulness, adoption and sharing, ultimately influencing purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachThe research design used in this study was a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey method. The study developed a research model based on trust transfer theory and hypothesized relationships between the platform’s information provision, information source credibility, information-related responses and purchase intention. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data and test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings supported most of the hypotheses and provided valuable insights into the role of information credibility in shaping consumers’ purchase intentions. Specifically, the study revealed that the platform’s information provision enhances the credibility of the information source, leading to increased information usefulness, adoption and sharing. Furthermore, information usefulness and adoption mediate the relationship between information source credibility and purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research include the use of convenience sampling, which may not represent the broader population, and the cross-sectional design, which does not provide an in-depth understanding of the adoption process. The reliance on self-reported data and the limited scope of investigation with only six constructs are additional limitations. Future studies should consider national random sampling, longitudinal designs, multiple data sources and explore negative effects and other potential mediating variables. Despite these limitations, this research contributes to the understanding of social media commerce mechanisms and provides valuable insights for practitioners in the field.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide valuable insights for platform providers and marketers in the social media commerce environment. First, the study emphasizes the importance of effective messaging in improving information credibility. Platform providers should focus on delivering accurate and trustworthy information to enhance consumers’ perceptions of product quality and increase purchase intentions. Second, marketers can leverage the information-related factors identified in this study, such as information usefulness and adoption, to optimize their marketing efforts. By understanding how consumers perceive and interact with information on social media platforms, marketers can tailor their strategies to effectively engage and influence potential customers. Overall, these practical implications can enhance success in the competitive social media commerce landscape.Social implicationsThe social implications of this study are significant for social media commerce practitioners. The findings highlight the importance of effective messaging and information provision on social media platforms in improving information credibility, thereby enhancing purchase intention. By understanding the mechanisms that drive consumer behavior in the context of social media commerce, platform providers and marketers can optimize their marketing efforts. This includes focusing on delivering trustworthy and useful information, fostering information adoption and sharing among users and ultimately increasing the likelihood of successful transactions. These insights provide valuable guidance for practitioners to navigate the competitive landscape of social media commerce and enhance their chances of success.Originality/valueThe originality of this research lies in its application of trust transfer theory to investigate the mechanisms driving social media commerce. By examining the interplay between platform, people and information, the study specifically focuses on the role of the platform’s information provision in enhancing information credibility and its impact on information-related responses and purchase intentions. This study extends the understanding of the trust transfer mechanism between customers and sellers/brands in customer-to-customer social commerce by emphasizing the importance of effective messaging and information credibility in shaping consumer behavior. The empirical findings contribute to the understanding of information trust transfer and provide a unique perspective on the underlying mechanisms that drive social media commerce.

Experimental study on scale inhibition performance and fouling characteristics of spiral insert in heat transfer tube

In order to study the anti-scaling and descaling performance in the process of cooling crystallization, the effects of flow velocity and reciprocating displacement on fouling resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient under two spiral insert schemes are experimentally studied. The system studied in the experiment is a saturated sodium sulfate solution, which forms crystalline fouling during the experiment. The micro structure of the fouling layer is investigated to explain the variation of macroscopic thermal parameters. The average fouling thickness curve is obtained by heat transfer theory analysis. The results show that the maximum decrease of the asymptotic value of the fouling resistance of the fixed spiral insert is 63 % with the increase of the flow velocity. When the reciprocating displacement of the spiral insert increases to one pitch, the asymptotic value of the fouling resistance decreases by 83 %, and the overall heat transfer coefficient decreases by only 3 %. The particle size and porosity of fouling at different observation positions gradually increased, while the shape of fouling crystals changed from small to regular, and the degree of bonding changed from tight to loose. Statistics on the particle size of fouling particles show that the fouling particle size increases from 2-8 μm to more than 30 μm. For the fixed spiral inserts, the porosity of the fouling layer is up to 42 %, but the porosity of the middle layer increases rapidly with the flow velocity. With the change of flow velocity, the flow field characteristics in the tube are the main reason for changing the structure of the fouling layer. With the increase of reciprocating displacement, the collision effect of the spiral on the fouling layer is more comprehensive, and the interlayer bonding of the fouling layer is completely destroyed. In the field of industrial cooling crystallization, it can greatly improve the heat transfer efficiency of the inner wall crystallization process.

Oxygen permeation mass transfer modeling and onion-like micromechanical modeling to predict the effect of multilayered interface on oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of composites

To predict oxidative damage of interfaces and fibers under high temperature aerobic environment and mechanical strength of composites before and after oxidation, oxygen permeation mass transfer modeling and onion-like micromechanical modeling of multilayered interface were proposed. The oxygen mass transfer theory and oxidation damage theory of PyC interface were used to establish the two models. The oxidative damage of PyC interface was extended to (PyC-SiC)n multilayered interface, and transformation of SiC phase and microcracks caused by thermal mismatch were also considered. The law of oxygen permeation mass transfer and the evolution of fiber oxidative damage in the “Carbon fiber/(PyC-SiC)n multilayered interface” region were revealed. The mechanical strength of composites under different interface layers was researched, resembling an onion-like wrapping in layers from the core outwards. Furthermore, Cf@(PyC-SiC)n/SiC(n = 1/2/3/4) composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method. The mechanical properties of the composites were tested before and after oxidation. A comparison was made between the experimental and predicted tensile strengths before and after oxidation. The predicted results of tensile strength were found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. In addition, the results show that PyC-SiC multilayered interface has a positive effect on the tensile strength of the composites, mainly as the cracks are deflected and branched by the multilayered interface to promote the multistage pull-out of the fibers. With the increase of interface number, the oxygen diffusion path was lengthened and zigzagged, reducing the oxidative damage of fiber and interface.

The effects of fair information practices on ad effectiveness among Chinese consumers: trust transfer across contexts

ABSTRACT In response to growing privacy concern among global online consumers, platform companies may follow principles of fair information practices (FIPs) to foster consumer trust, which subsequently shapes the effectiveness of digital ads displayed by the platform. However, the connection between FIPs and advertising perceptions remains underresearched in existing literature. By establishing and testing a dual context framework that integrates theories of procedural fairness, trust transfer and regulatory focus, this study investigates the psychological mechanism driving the effects of FIPs on targeted ads. The results show that FIPs arouse consumers’ platform trust via perceived fairness, followed by a transference of trust from the platform to the ads, thereby amplifying positive responses to targeted ads. Whereas privacy concern is reduced by platform trust, its hypothesised effects on ad effectiveness were not supported. Our findings underscore a cross-context trust transference embedded in social platforms for advertising, whereby trust enhancement (relative to privacy concern reduction) directly boosts ad perceptions, thus, offering valuable insights on the practices of digital platform managers and e-marketers.

Design and Optimization of a Mixed-Flow Drying Chamber for Tiger Nuts Based on CFD-DEM Heat and Mass Transfer Model

In order to solve the problem of inconsistent moisture content in particles during the drying process of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) due to uneven air flow and temperature distribution in the drying chamber, an open-hole corner box was designed based on the principle of negative pressure micro-perforated air supply. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) simulation, coupled with the basic theory of interphase heat and mass transfer, a mathematical model for interphase heat and moisture coupling transfer was established. The effects of different aperture rates of corner boxes in the drying chamber, spatial location arrangement, and other related variables on the airfield distribution, temperature field distribution, tiger nut temperature, and moisture content changes were investigated. The results show that the average air velocity below the air inlet gradually increases as the opening ratio increases. When the opening rate is 0.33%, the wind field uniformity is better, and the inhomogeneity of the drying chamber wind field is improved. As the lateral distance increases, the consistency of the moisture content distribution increases and then decreases, and the flow rate of the tiger nuts gradually increases when the grain is discharged. The rate of decrease in water content decreases gradually with the increase in longitudinal distance. When the wind speed reaches 4 m/s, the drying chamber wind field is more uniform, and the water vapor diffusion efficiency at the outlet is basically the same. Therefore, the appropriate corner box has a horizontal distance of 320 mm and a longitudinal distance of 420 mm, providing a basis for the design of tiger nut drying equipment.

Design and Simulation of High-Temperature Micro-Hotplate for Synthesis of Graphene Using uCVD Method.

The uCVD (microchemical vapor deposition) graphene growth system is an improved CVD system that is suitable for scientific research and experimental needs, and it is characterized by its rapid, convenient, compact, and low-cost features. The micro-hotplate based on an SOI wafer is the core component of this system. To meet the requirements of the uCVD system for the micro-hotplate, we propose a suspended multi-cantilever heating platform composed of a heating chip, cantilevers, and bracket. In this article, using heat transfer theory and thermoelectric simulation, we demonstrate that the silicon resistivity, current input cross-sectional size, and the convective heat transfer coefficient have a huge impact on the performance of the micro-heating platform. Therefore, in the proposed solution, we adopt a selective doping process to achieve a differentiated configuration of silicon resistivity in the cantilevers and heating chip, ensuring that the heating chip meets the requirements for graphene synthesis while allowing the cantilevers to withstand high currents without damage. Additionally, by adding brackets, the surfaces of the micro-hotplate have the same convective heat transfer environment, reducing the surface temperature difference, and improving the cooling rate. The simulation results indicate that the temperature on the micro-hotplate surface can reach 1050.8 °C, and the maximum temperature difference at different points on the surface is less than 2 °C, which effectively meets the requirements for the CVD growth of graphene using Cu as the catalyst.

Dissociative Electron Transfer to N‐(Arylthio)phthalimides: Factors Affecting the Formation and Dissociation of Radical Anions

AbstractA series of chemically and biologically relevant N‐(arylthio)phthalimides is synthesized and its electrochemical reduction investigated. The results of the electrochemical study are analysed through application of Savéant's dissociative electron transfer theory and with the assistance of theoretical calculations. Reduction of all investigated N‐(arylthio)phthalimides leads to the corresponding radical anions, followed by the ejection of the phthalimide anion resulting from the dissociation of the N−S chemical bond. This stepwise electron transfer mechanism is evidenced by the electrochemical data which allow determination of the standard reduction potentials of all compounds. In the formation of the N‐(arylthio)phthalimide radical anions, the theoretical calculations show that the incoming electron, is hosted by the phthalimidyl group indicating a homolytic dissociation mechanism. The dissociation rate constants of the radical anions are deduced and show that upon changing the substituent from the MeO, to Me, H, F, Cl and Br the dissociation becomes faster. A good correlation with the Hammett substituent constants is also obtained. Application of Savéant's theory through determination of the associated driving force and the intrinsic barrier energies help rationalize the observed results and show that the change in the dissociation rate constant depends mainly on the standard reduction potential of the parent compounds.

WORLD LITERARY STUDIES AS A FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: TRADITIONS AND TRENDS

Literature and art are continuously in search of new means of expression, and communication. In the process of renewal, artistic culture acquires new aesthetic principles, an artistic fusion of the objective and the subjective. The idea of a work in a realistic narrative sounds gradually, naturally. The plot develops around a fact that reveals the meaning of the work. The aesthetic assimilation of reality proceeds in several directions, in different genres of prose and poetry, drama and journalism, in a diverse creative manner, which is unique for each author of a work of art. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it traces the evolution of the basic concepts of world literary criticism, which has its own scientific principles, systems of methods and terminology. Literary criticism and critical thought create a special associative field, confirming the importance of the transition in the literary process from ideology to issues of personal existence. Domestic and world literary studies are included in the research field of the humanities, but there are frequent attempts to absorb them into intensively developing interdisciplinary research. The scientific novelty of this research is seen in the generalization of the theoretical views on modern world literary criticism of major literary scholars and critics in Europe, the USA, the CIS countries, authors of sections of collective monographs of the Auezov Institute of Literature and Art «The latest foreign literature», «The world literary process of the 21st century», «Kazakh-American literary connections: current state and prospects», the textbook «The world literary process: content, directions, trends». The basis for the research is the scientific concepts of literary text analysis, theories of critical discourse analysis of literary works, existential criticism and others. Based on the analysis, review of the current state of the leading theoretical schools of world literary criticism (with cultural studies, literary criticism, structural poetics, the concept of semiosphere, theory of cultural transfer and others). It has been established that the science of literature has its own object of study, a special essence, which distinguishes it from the exact and natural sciences.

Revisiting the scattering regime map based on transport scattering coefficient for dielectric particulate medium

The independent scattering assumption is frequently employed in radiative transfer, as it is applicable to numerous scientific and practical scenarios involving sparsely distributed scatterers. However, dependent scattering effects must be considered if the particle distribution is not sparse, which requires a relatively more rigorous analysis. A scattering regime map that summarizes the conditions where the independent scattering assumption can be used safely was established in the 1980s. The validity of this regime map and corresponding transition criteria has been questioned due to revealed inaccuracies in certain portions of the map based on the recent experimental studies. This study aims to reevaluate the regime map for dielectric particulate medium through numerical simulations utilizing dense medium radiative transfer theory relying on static structure factor for incorporating the effects of dependent scattering. The transport scattering coefficient, encompassing both the scattering coefficient and the asymmetry parameter, is employed as the metric of evaluation as it accounts for both the quantitative and directional behavior of the scattering. Besides, it also reflects the behavior of reflectance/transmittance closely, which is presented by comparing the regime maps based on transport scattering coefficient and reflectance. While the resulting modified regime map agrees mostly with the established map, it corrects the parts where discrepancies were observed so that the modified map is in agreement with all available data. Moreover, the effects of particle size distribution and material properties are also investigated and it was found that a regime map for lower relative refractive index miss-match between particle and medium produces a demarcation line that is more conservative.

Fabrication of electrostatic-induction-assisted solution blowing spinning nanofibers and its mechanism

Commonly used nanofiber fabrication technologies have many shortcomings: the yield of electrospinning is low, solution blowing spinning (SBS) and its improved technologies have problems with large fiber diameter, non-uniform nanofiber diameter and poor receiving aggregation of nanofibers on receiver. A nanofiber fabrication technology called electrostatic-induction-assisted solution blowing spinning (ESBS), which overcomes these disadvantages, was developed in this paper. This technology utilizes the joint action of electrostatic force and airflow stretching force to stretch the jet to fabricate nanofibers. The grounding of the blunt needle realizes the directional migration and dynamic circulation of charges in the ESBS microscopic system. Compared with traditional SBS, the average diameter and diameter standard deviation of ESBS nanofibers can be reduced by 44 % and 80.8 %, respectively, and the fiber cover rate can be increased by 329.7 %. In contrast to the cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning, the mean diameter and diameter standard deviation of ESBS nanofibers can be reduced by 34.6 % and 68.1 %, respectively, and the fiber cover rate can be increased by 305 %. The microcosmic fabrication mechanism of ESBS nanofibers—“the theory of separation and directional transfer of charges” was proposed and verified. ESBS nanofibers with single-needle injection speed up to 200 μl/min (far exceeding the 4–10 μl/min injection speed of conventional electrospinning) were successfully fabricated to prove that this technology has great industrial potential. ESBS nanofibers with small and uniform diameter, high yield, and good receiving aggregation of fibers on receiver have bright application prospects in many fields.

CRUD deposition induced multi-physics effects analysis in PWR

In PWR, the deposition of corrosion products from the steam generator leads to the formation of Chalk River Unidentified Deposits (CRUD) on the surface of fuel rods. CRUD deposition can cause issues such as CRUD induced localized corrosion, axial power anomaly and deterioration of cladding heat transfer. A new multi-physics program named CIFF (CRUD Induced eFFects analysis) is developed to analyze the effects caused by CRUD deposits. CIFF is a 1.5D model and can be used to simulate the variations in surface temperature, cladding corrosion and fuel deformation caused by CRUD deposition. A three-node CRUD deposition model is developed based on mass transfer theory and chemical equilibrium. The calculations of heat transfer, mechanical deformation, oxide layer growth, CRUD deposition and fission gas behavior are fully coupled based on finite element analysis and numerical solution technology. Axisymmetric element is used to solve the deformation of fuel rod under thermal expansion, gas pressure, creep and radiation swelling. The performance of CIFF is validated through IFA-513, ANO-2, Oconee and PCCL cases. The DBN-1 case is used to explore the influence of CRUD. The results indicate that CRUD deposition and CRUD induced local corrosion deteriorate the heat transfer of cladding, resulting in a three-stage increase of cladding temperature and accelerated growth of the oxide layer. CRUD deposition also leads to a relative increase in the gap pressure exceeding the coolant pressure by 8.4 %, a relative increase in the fuel rod strain by 10 % and a relative decrease in the gap size by 11 %, which indirectly leads a premature pellet-cladding mechanical interaction by 90 days.

Cage escape governs photoredox reaction rates and quantum yields

Photoredox catalysis relies on light-induced electron transfer leading to a radical pair comprising an oxidized donor and a reduced acceptor in a solvent cage. For productive onward reaction to occur, the oxidized donor and the reduced acceptor must escape from that solvent cage before they undergo spontaneous reverse electron transfer. Here we show the decisive role that cage escape plays in three benchmark photocatalytic reactions, namely, an aerobic hydroxylation, a reductive debromination and an aza-Henry reaction. Using ruthenium(II)- and chromium(III)-based photocatalysts, which provide inherently different cage escape quantum yields, we determined quantitative correlations between the rates of photoredox product formation and the cage escape quantum yields. These findings can be largely rationalized within the framework of Marcus theory for electron transfer.

I think I can, I think I can; A qualitative investigation of celebrity endorsement and meaning transfer’s role in building consumer self confidence

ABSTRACT While prior research has highlighted the use of product purchases to build one’s self-confidence or has highlighted the ability of a celebrity endorsement to increase consumers’ confidence in their purchase of the product or the quality of the endorsed product, work that delineates the specific types of confidence that celebrity endorsement may provide consumers is scant. Leveraging the meaning transfer theory, this paper employs qualitative research design and draws on grounded theory methodology to examine consumers’ use of celebrity meanings through the consumption of celebrity-endorsed products to build confidence. The paper provides new insight into consumers’ use of celebrity meanings in constructing the self. Three forms of celebrity-evoked self-confidence emerged: validation, performance ability, and social insurance. While the first two are used to strengthen self-confidence, the third confidence is a form of feeling protected or safe. These findings add novel insight into consumers’ uses of celebrity-endorsed products.

Distributed collaborative scheduling technology for random access in real-time

The planning and deployment of mega constellations has posed increasing pressure on the existing telemetry, track and command (TTC) resource scheduling strategy. The current plan-based scheduling strategy distributes resources according to needs, however, it cannot address sudden resource requests with prompt responses. By analyzing the status quo of resource scheduling systems, we have proposed a distributed collaborative scheduling technology for random access in real-time, based on the theory of low costs and rapid transfers of scheduling task resources. First, we use knowledge graph technology to map the link between scheduling tasks and idle resources and develop a graph network. Furthermore, by analyzing and evaluating the resource transfer capability of a multi-target TTC system in hemispherical coverage (MT-TTC), we propose the concept of a virtual resource pool and develop a two-layer scheduling framework in which the central scheduling system coordinates with multiple regional systems. This scheduling strategy works well when a sudden TTC request occurs. The central system manages the satellite requests and make plans, while regional systems are responsible for handling the sudden requests and report to the central system on its resource change. With regional systems sharing some degree of autonomy, the central system making a final decision and systems across the framework coordinating in real-time, we design a model on resource transfers for MT-TTC equipment and a collaboration mechanism that coordinates the resource transfers across MT-TTC equipment and other single-beam equipment within and between regions. We do experiments in simulation scheduling environments. The results show that the regional scheduling system based on MT-TTC equipment is able to manage continuous random-access requests in real-time, and avoid resource conflicts across regions by collaborating with the central scheduling system. It is of value to be applied in real scenarios.

Boosting online user engagement with short video endorsement content on TikTok via the image transfer mechanism

In today’s digital environment, influencer marketing has been established as an essential and powerful tool in promoting meaningful engagement between brands and consumers. Rooted in Social Identity Theory and Trust Transfer Theory, this study investigates how the image transfer from the influencers to the platform and product plays a critical role in boosting online user engagement with short video endorsement content. Empirically tested with 801 TikTok users, the findings reveal that the positive image of the influencer transfers to platform and product images, and show how the platform’s positive image further enhances the positive image of the endorsed product. Notably, influencer popularity serves as a moderator, intensifying image transfer effects for highly popular influencers. These mechanisms, in turn, influence online engagement intentions and such behaviors as affection, conscious attention, social connection, and enthused participation. The study presents profound theoretical and practical implications, empowering marketers to optimize influencer strategies for success in the dynamic digital landscape.

Magnetized effects of double diffusion model on mixed convective Casson nanofluid subject to generalized perspective of Fourier and Fick’s laws

Understanding the flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluids from an industrial standpoint is crucial. Many industrial and technical activities, such as the extrusion of polymer sheets, the manufacturing of paper, and the development of photographic films, require non-Newtonian fluids. Heat and mass transport have various manufacturing uses. However, classical heat and mass transfer theories (Fourier and Fick laws) cannot anticipate thermal and solute relaxation time occurrences. The purpose of this investigation is to apply the modified Ohm law to the heat and mass transportation systems, which are established by generalized Fourier and Fick’s equations, respectively. A three-dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer flow through a porous medium integrating Hall and ion slip effects is studied for a non-Newtonian fluid known as a “Casson nanofluid” with mixed convection across a stretched surface. To investigate heat transfer augmentation, the modified Buongiorno model for nanofluids is used. It covers practical nanofluid properties as well as the mechanics of random motion and thermo-migration in nanoparticles. These groups of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) that represent the mathematical model are combined with the proper similarity transformations to create an ordinary differential equations system, which is then resolved using the power of the Lobatto IIIA method. Examples of numerical and graphical data are given to show how various physical constraints affect the variation for velocities, temperatures, mass transfer, dimensionless shear stress, as well as Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. It turns out that lowering the Casson fluid parameters’ values reduces the velocity in the spatial coordinates (x, y). A rise in the Hall parameter's values ultimately leads to an improvement in the fluid. This paper sheds light on useful applications including power generation, conservation of energy, friction elimination, and nanofluidics. Nonetheless, the work highlights an important point: by carefully adjusting the Casson parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian motion parameter, the flow of a Casson fluid, including nanoparticles, may be controlled.

Thermal circuit model of DC submarine cable considering the influence of seawater property variations

The IEC 60287 standard, when calculating the steady-state current-carrying of DC submarine cables, does not take into account the influence of seawater property variations on changing the heat transfer efficiency of seawater, thereby affecting the current-carrying capacity of the cable. resulting in deviations in the calculated ampacity results. This paper considers the influence of seawater heat transfer characteristics on cable heat dissipation efficiency based on heat transfer theory, and Proposes an improved thermal circuit model for submarine DC cables that takes into account variations in seawater properties. Taking the example of a 160 kV submarine XLPE cable, the current-carrying capacity results of the improved model have an error of no more than 1.9 % compared to finite element simulation results. Under identical environmental conditions, the maximum deviation between the improved model and the IEC thermal circuit model is 123A, confirming the necessity of considering variations in seawater properties in the improved thermal circuit model. The seawater property variations studied in this paper include changes in seawater temperature, salinity, and pressure. If the impact of seawater property variations on submarine cable current-carrying capacity is not considered, the obtained current-carrying capacity results are higher, with a maximum error of 5.5 %. Among these variations, temperature has the most significant impact, with an error reaching 3.3 %, while salinity and pressure have relatively smaller impacts, with errors of 1.1 % each.

The Application of Mother Tongue Transfer Theory to English Syntactic Teaching in Primary School

This paper reports an empirical study on the sixth-grade students' mastery of English syntax in primary schools, and the influence of mother tongue transfer theory to English syntactic teaching in primary schools. The subjects are 98 sixth-grade students in S Experimental Primary School and the instruments adopted included a questionnaire survey and sentence pattern tests. Detailed analysis of both the qualitative and quantitative data has yield the finding as follow: 1) Grade 6 students have mastered five basic English sentence patterns and some complex sentence structures; 2)The majority of students learn English by acquiring their mother tongue; 3) Mother tongue transfer theory can help students to complete the dialogue accurately with corresponding syntax in class, thus improving the efficiency of English syntax teaching in primary schools.

Research on the Temperature Distribution in Electrically Heated Offshore Heavy Oil Wellbores

The electric heating process for lifting heavy oil has been widely applied. However, research on its temperature field laws mostly focuses on onshore heavy oil wells, while research offshore is limited. Therefore, based on the energy conservation equation and heat transfer theory, a transient one-dimensional wellbore temperature model coupled with the temperature and viscosity of heavy oil and considering the effect of time was developed. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, the results of the previous model were used for comparison with the present model, and the results showed that the model has good accuracy. The results show that a reasonable selection of the process parameters of electric heating can increase the production of heavy oil while saving development costs and improving the economic benefits of the oilfield. The conclusions and recommendations of this paper can provide a theoretical basis and guiding suggestions for the optimal design of process parameters for lifting heavy oil using an offshore electric heating process.

Estimation of the Charge Mobility of Phenanthroline derivatives with the view of Density Functional Theory: Reorganization Energy and Charge Transfer Integral are in play

Molecular arrangement and noncovalent interactions in organic materials greatly influence the charge mobility in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In the light of the this argument, we examined the electronic properties of the phenanthroline derivatives by considering the charge mobility with the combination of density functional theory and Marcus Charge Transfer Theory. The drift electron mobility of the molecule 1 and 2 were determined to 21.13 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 18.00 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively through J type π⋯π stacking interactions created by small perpendicular distances between the adjacent rings. The effective charge pathways of the molecules were generated with strong π⋯π stacking interactions consolidated by noncovalent interactions in their solid phases. The electron reorganization energy for both molecules were determined smaller than that of holes which means they have n-type semiconductor properties. The charge transfer integrals were calculated with the optimization of molecules’ dimer configurations that the theoretical results demonstrate the charge transfer integral depends on the distance between the stacking rings. High charge transfer integral and small reorganization energy give the high charge mobility fort he semiconductor molecules. Beside the mobility, energy band gap, ionization potential, electron and hole injection barriers of the molecules were interpreted to further understand their electronic properties. Due to the small LUMO values which provide n-type molecule and small electron injection barrier. From the our work both molecules can be effective n type organic semiconductor devices with the high mobility and can be modified for more efficient charge transport in phenanthroline derivatives.