Technology Transfer Research Articles

The evolving role of technology transfer offices in the entrepreneurial university: Go-betweens or playmakers?

AbstractTechnology transfer offices (TTOs) play an increasingly important role in universities, supporting researchers in translating science knowledge into commercially and socially valuable outcomes. However, the literature is limited regarding how TTOs support the technology transfer process. This study contributes deeper insight into the role of TTOs in facilitating knowledge transfer outcomes. A case study of life science commercialization in Australasian universities drew on depth interviews with senior TTO managers and industry experts, on longitudinal participant observation within a life science intermediary business to inform about supply side elements, and on secondary data. The findings emphasise the effects of wider institutional change on quintuple helix (5H) stakeholders, i.e., the environment, society, government, universities, and industry. Financialization and competition places growing demands on universities for commercializable intellectual property (IP) production. In response, TTOs have built competencies in translational engagement (trust and reputation building and boundary spanning) and value co-creation (service quality management and de-risking). Those competencies translate to a five-stage process of technology transfer facilitation: (1) Identifying, (2) assessing, (3) protecting, (4) promoting and (5) profiting. In the complex context of life science innovation, innovation networks benefit from investment in university outreach, stakeholder relationship building, tax credits, and fund matching with transnational corporations. To ensure optimal social and commercial outcomes independent oversight of the process should be maintained, by representatives from all 5H stakeholders.

The Impact Analysis on Productivity Enhancement of Blackgram through Front Line Demonstration in Chandel District of Manipur State

Background: Blackgram is the major pulse crop cultivated all over the India. The crop is resistant to unfavourable weather patterns and helps in enhancing soil fertility. It is a significant component of the Indian diet since it provides vegetable protein and balances the diet. About 26 per cent of it is protein, which is nearly three times more than cereal and other vitamins and minerals. In addition, it is utilised as nutrient-rich fodder, particularly for dairy cattle. A significant obstacle to expanding blackgram production in Chandel district, Manipur State is the technology gap. Frontline demonstration (FLD), is one of the most significant and effective methods for technology transfer. By using the newest technologies, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Chandel’s interventions aim to boost productivity and production. Methods: The study on Blackgram var. PU-31 under rainfed farming situations of Chandel district, Manipur was carried out by ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Chandel, during Kharif 2017 to 2022 with the objectives to increase production and productivity of pulse in the district conducted in the farmers’ field for 118 hectares of land with all the scientific package of practices. Result: The average grain yield of 776.50 kg/ha was obtained in the demonstration plot with 38.13 per cent increase in yield over farmers practices. The technological and extension gap were 723.50 kg/ha and 214.33 kg/ha respectively. Similarly, technological index was decreased from 50.33 percent to 44.53 percent during the study period, revealing satisfactory performance of technological interventions which can further be improved by bridging the gaps with more efficient research and extension services.

Comparison of Use Rates of Telehealth Services for Substance Use Disorder During and Following COVID-19 Safety Distancing Recommendations: Two Cross-Sectional Surveys.

The COVID-19 social distancing guidelines resulted in a dramatic transition to telephone and video technologies to deliver substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Before COVID-19, the question was "Will telehealth ever take hold for SUD services?" Now that social distancing guidelines have been lifted, the question is "Will telehealth remain a commonly used care modality?" The principal purpose of this investigation was to examine the extent to which telehealth use in SUD service settings persisted following the lifting of COVID-19 safety distancing recommendations. Additionally, the study aimed to explore practitioners' perceptions of telehealth convenience and value after its regular implementation during the pandemic. Specifically, the goal of this study was to compare telehealth activity between time intervals: May-August 2020 (during peak COVID-19 safety distancing recommendations) and October-December 2022 (following discontinuation of distancing recommendations). Specifically, we compared (1) telehealth technologies and services, (2) perceived usefulness of telehealth, (3) ease of use of telephone- and video-based telehealth services, and (4) organizational readiness to use telehealth. An online cross-sectional survey consisting of 108 items was conducted to measure the use of telehealth technologies for delivering a specific set of SUD services in the United States and to explore the perceived readiness for use and satisfaction with telephonic and video services. The survey took approximately 25-35 minutes to complete and used the same 3 sets of questions and 2 theory-driven scales as in a previous cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020. Six of 10 Regional Addiction Technology Transfer Centers funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration distributed the survey in their respective regions, collectively spanning 37 states. Responses of administrators and clinicians (hereafter referred to as staff) from this 2022 survey were compared to those obtained in the 2020 survey. Responses in 2020 and 2022 were anonymous and comprised two separate samples; therefore, an accurate longitudinal model could not be analyzed. A total of 375 staff responded to the 2022 survey (vs 457 in 2020). Baseline organizational characteristics of the 2022 sample were similar to those of the 2020 sample. Phone and video telehealth utilization rates remained greater than 50% in 2022 for screening and assessment, case management, peer recovery support services, and regular outpatient services. The perceived usefulness of phone-based telehealth was higher in 2022 than in 2020 (mean difference [MD] -0.23; P=.002), but not for video-based telehealth (MD -0.12; P=.13). Ease of use of video-based telehealth was perceived as higher in 2022 than in 2020 (MD-0.35; P<.001), but no difference was found for phone-based telehealth (MD -0.12; P=.11). From the staff's perspective, patients had greater readiness for using telehealth via phone than video, but the staff perceived their personal and organizational readiness for using telehealth as greater for video-based than for phone-based telehealth. Despite lower telephone and video use in 2022 for telehealth services than in 2020, both modalities continue to be perceived positively. Future research may further determine the relative cost and clinical effectiveness of video-based services and thereby help to address some sources of the noted challenges to implementation by SUD organizations.

A review of ceramic nanofluids and their applications

Various heat transfer technologies necessitate effective source-to-sink and sink-to-source heat transfer control. Nanoparticles are one of the hot topics in the industrial industry. It has caught a lot of attention because of its benefits. Nanoparticles are small, with a range of 1–100 nm. Despite their small size, their properties are excellent in terms of thermal properties, heat transfer, tribology properties, and many more. There are many types of nanoparticles, and different types of nanoparticles have their excellent properties and performances. This article mainly focuses on ceramic nanoparticles’ performances, preparation methods, stability, thermophysical properties, and applications. Numerous uses of nanoparticles are made possible in several industries because of their regulated size, surface functionalization, porosity, surface area-to-volume ratio, and excellent heat transfer. Based on the information in the literature, the current contribution intends to describe the most recent advancements in ceramic nanofluids’ preparation, characterization, and stability. This article mainly focuses on ceramic nanoparticles’ performances, preparation methods, stability, thermophysical properties, and applications. The discussion ends with applications of nanofluids, which will guide future work on creating very stable nanofluids.

Model-predicted brain temperature computational imaging by multimodal noninvasive functional neuromonitoring of cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics: MRI-derived and clinical validation.

Brain temperature, a crucial yet under-researched neurophysiological parameter, is governed by the equilibrium between cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics. Therapeutic hypothermia has been demonstrated as an effective intervention for acute brain injuries, enhancing survival rates and prognosis. The success of this treatment hinges on the precise regulation of brain temperature. However, the absence of comprehensive brain temperature monitoring methods during therapy, combined with a limited understanding of human brain heat transmission mechanisms, significantly hampers the advancement of hypothermia-based neuroprotective therapies. Leveraging the principles of bioheat transfer and MRI technology, this study conducted quantitative analyses of brain heat transfer during mild hypothermia therapy. Utilizing MRI, we reconstructed brain structures, estimated cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption parameters, and developed a brain temperature calculation model founded on bioheat transfer theory. Employing computational cerebral hemodynamic simulation analysis, we established an intracranial arterial fluid dynamics model to predict brain temperature variations across different therapeutic hypothermia modalities. We introduce a noninvasive, spatially resolved, and optimized mathematical bio-heat model that synergizes model-predicted and MRI-derived data for brain temperature prediction and imaging. Our findings reveal that the brain temperature images generated by our model reflect distinct spatial variations across individual participants, aligning with experimentally observed temperatures.

Development of a multi-level assistive technology focused technology translation training program

ABSTRACT A three-level training intervention was developed using the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) to increase technology transfer of rehabilitation technologies to market. Thirty-two teams completed Level 1, 14 completed Level 2, and 6 completed Level 3. The validated Technology Transfer Readiness Assessment Tool (TTRAT) measured teams’ technology transfer progress and the effectiveness of the training program. Teams that completed at least two training levels demonstrated increased technology transfer readiness. Additional team outcomes include receiving other federal awards, FDA designations, and generating sales. Future work includes measuring teams’ progress relative to participant demographics and developing additional training content based on gaps in technology transfer readiness. The multi-level training initiative shows it is a promising foundation for training researchers and aspiring entrepreneurs on technology transfer and subsequent technology transfer outcomes.

Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Calon Guru: Konsep, Integrasi, dan Evaluasinya dalam Pembelajaran

This community service aims to increase students' knowledge and transformational leadership skills so that they can apply transformational leadership when carrying out learning practices in the classroom in the future. Nineteen students participated in the activity, but only 18 completed the evaluation. The science and technology transfer team includes the concepts and dimensions of transformational leadership, integration strategies for transformational leadership using scientific learning models, and how to evaluate students' transformational leadership. The three sciences and technologies were transferred using three methods, namely lectures and discussions, exercises, as well as presentations and reflections. The team evaluated service activities (pre test-post test) using seven open questions developed from the dimensions of transformational leadership developed by Carless et al. (2000). The results showed an average increase in understanding of transformational leadership in the medium category (0.3 &lt;0.7). The highest increase was in the second dimension, namely team development, with a value of 0.70. Meanwhile, the dimension with the lowest increase was charismatic, with a value of 0.30. The other five dimensions are in the value range of 0.47-0.65 or are included in the medium category. In the future, service can be expanded by evaluating students' transformational leadership from the perspective of team/group members in learning activities to provide a more operational evaluation perspective on students' transformational leadership experiences.

International Cooperation between Korea and Cambodia to Conserve and Manage Angkor Stone Heritage using Non-destructive Technology

ABSTRACT The stone team of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (NRICH) in Korea implemented a technology transfer project 2016 − 2020 to manage heritage monuments during the Angkor period in Cambodia. This saw staff from both countries’ conservation organisations participating in training, education, and joint research, and making joint academic presentations on technology transfer. The research subjects included statues recovered from the Don Tei and Phnom Bei Temple located near Angkor Thom; the Nokorbachey Temple in Kampong Cham Province, the southern stronghold; and the Banteay Chhmar in Banteay Meanchey Province, a central transportation point in the northwest. Non-destructive technology from Korea was used to investigate the condition of the Angkor ruins, evaluating the suitability of the approach and modifying it as appropriate, and training was conducted to improve the participants’ problem-solving and technology application abilities. This exchange project and the data it generated demonstrate the benefits of continuing this approach to develop the conservation skills and problem-solving abilities of managers of Angkor ruins, and ultimately contribute to the preservation of Asian cultural heritage.

From quarry by-products to a zeolites-based Zn fertilizer with increased resistance to rain leaching

In the face of an extensive literature on the use of zeolites for the removal of metals from water for environmental purposes, it is seldom considered that some metals are also essential nutrients for life and that zeolites could be profitably used to dose their release. Among these, Zn is a key micronutrient, and when its demand by crop is not fully balanced by adequate accessibility, fertilization must be provided using Zn salts that can be, however, easily leached and partly wasted in the environment.In an attempt to solve this critical problem, a new controlled-release formulation of Zn using zeolite-containing geomaterials was designed, prepared, characterized, and tested by applying a sequential, multi-method approach. Different formulations were trialed, and the most effective included 30 wt% pumice by-product and 70 wt% clinoptilolite-rich zeolitized tuff, with about 20 mg/g of exchangeable Zn2+. The enrichment process reached equilibrium after about 8 h, a timing well-tuned with technology transfer. Desorption kinetic tests in a weekly acid environment revealed gradual Zn release, with about 4.28 wt% released after 6 h. When tested as a foliar fertilizer on Vitis vinifera, this formulation demonstrated superior resistance to leaching under simulated rainfall conditions compared to conventional ZnSO4·6H2O fertilizer, maintaining the initial level of Zn (130 mg/kg of dry leaves), while about 22 % of the Zn applied with ZnSO4·6H2O was loss. This outcome was plausibly due to mineral particle adhesion to leaf. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that the product designed here can be placed in the market with competitive sales prices.

Sizing Methodology of Dynamic Wireless Charging Infrastructures for Electric Vehicles in Highways: An Italian Case Study

The necessity of pushing the road mobility towards more sustainable solutions has become of undeniable importance in last years. For this reason, both research and industry are constantly investigating new technologies able to make the usage of battery electric vehicles(BEV) as accessible and usable as traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). One of the most limiting issues concerns the short range of electric vehicles, which complicates their use for long distances, such as for highway travels. A promising solution seems to be the “charge-while-driving” approach, by exploiting the inductive dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology. Nevertheless, such systems show different issues, first of all, high investment and maintenance costs. Furthermore, it is not clear how extensive a potential dynamic wireless charging infrastructure needs to be to make a real advantage for electric vehicle drivers. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to introduce a new methodology to estimate the number and length of wireless charging sections necessary to allow the maximum number of electric vehicles to travel a specific highway without the need to stop for a recharge at a service area. Specifically, the methodology is based on a algorithm that, starting by real traffic data, simulates vehicle flows and defines the basic layout of the wireless charging infrastructure. This simulator can provide a decision support tool for highway road operators.

Managing institutional conflicts: Stakeholder accounts of communication between conflict of interest and technology transfer offices.

There have been repeated calls for academic institutions to develop policies and procedures to manage institutional conflicts of interest (ICOI) arising from technology transfer activities. While prior research has examined adoption of ICOI policies by medical schools and universities, little is known about how these institutions handle ICOI in practice, hindering the development of evidence-based recommendations to improve ICOI management. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 senior administrators responsible for research integrity and conflict of interest issues at academic institutions. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative content analysis approach, combining flexible coding to index the interview data with close examination, interpretation, and synthesis of coded content. Participants identified communication and information sharing between conflict of interest (COI) and technology transfer (TT) offices as a critical factor in the effective management of ICOI and suggested several strategies to strengthen coordination between these offices. These findings suggest that academic research institutions could strengthen COI programs by taking measures to improve communication and information sharing between COI and TT offices.

A rapid on-site loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology as an early warning system for the detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in water.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important waterborne pathogen capable of causing serious gastrointestinal infections with potentially fatal complications, including haemolytic-uremic syndrome. All STEC serogroups harbour genes that encode at least one Shiga toxin (stx1 and/or stx2), which constitute the primary virulence factors of STEC. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) enables rapid real-time pathogen detection with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an on-site portable diagnostics workstation employing LAMP technology to permit rapid real-time STEC detection in environmental water samples. Water samples (n=28) were collected from groundwater wells (n=13), rivers (n=12), a turlough (n=2) and an agricultural drain (n=1) from the Corrib catchment in Galway. Water samples (100 ml) were passed through a 0.22 µm filter, and buffer was added to elute captured cells. Following filtration, eluates were tested directly using LAMP assays targeting stx1, stx2 and E. coli phoA genes. The portable diagnostics workstation was used in field studies to demonstrate the on-site testing capabilities of the instrument. Real-time PCR assays targeting stx1 and stx2 genes were used to confirm the results. The limit of detection for stx1, stx2 and phoA LAMP assays were 2, 2 and 6 copies, respectively. Overall, stx1, stx2 and phoA genes were detected by LAMP in 15/28 (53.6 %), 9/28 (32.2 %) and 24/28 (85.7 %) samples, respectively. For confirmation, the LAMP results for stx1 and stx2 correlated perfectly (100 %) with those obtained using PCR. The portable diagnostics workstation exhibited high sensitivity throughout the on-site operation, and the average time from sample collection to final result was 40 min. We describe a simple, transferable and efficient diagnostic technology for on-site molecular analysis of various water sources. This method allows on-site testing of drinking water, enabling evidence-based decision-making by public health and water management authorities.

Levels of Telehealth Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Ease of Use in Behavioral Healthcare Organizations After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The use of telehealth in behavioral healthcare increased significantly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and remains high even as a return to in-person care is now feasible. The use of telehealth is a promising strategy to increase access to behavioral healthcare for underserved and all populations. Identifying opportunities to improve the provision of telehealth is vital to ensuring access. An online survey about the current use of, and attitudes toward, telehealth was conducted by five Mental Health Technology Transfer Center (MHTTC) regional centers and the MHTTC Network Coordinating Office. The national MHTTC network provides training and technical assistance, to support the behavioral health workforce to implement evidence-based treatments. Three hundred and sixty-five respondents from 43 states and Puerto Rico participated. The majority of respondents were clinical providers (69.3%). Nearly all (n = 311) respondents reported providing at least one telehealth service at their organization, but the number and type of services varied substantially. Respondents had positive views of both video-based and phone-based services, but most had some preference for video-based telehealth services. Other services, including text message reminders, medication services, and mobile apps for treatment or recovery, were offered via telehealth by ~ 50% or fewer of respondents' organizations. Many organizations have areas where they could expand their telehealth use, allowing them to extend the reach of their services and increase access for populations that experience barriers to service access, though organizational barriers may still prevent this.

Design Optimization of a THz Receiver Based on 60 nm Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Technology

The technology transfer of terahertz wireless communication from research laboratories to commercial applications is a global strategic achievement currently pursued to match the ever-increasing demand for high-speed communication. The use of commercial integrated electronics for the detection of THz waves is an intriguing challenge which has enticed great interest in the scientific research community. Rapid progress in this field has led to the exploitation of THz direct detection using standard CMOS technology based on the so-called self-mixing effect. Our research, stemming out of a collaboration between Sapienza University of Rome and STMicroelectronics company, is focused on the complete design process of a THz rectifier, realized using 50 nm ST B55 CMOS technology. In this paper, we report the optimization process of a case-study receiver, aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of direct demodulation of the transmitted OOK signal. A relatively limited bandwidth extension is considered since the device will be included in a system adopting a radiation source with a limited band. The design refers to a specific technology, the 60 nm MOS in B55X ST; nevertheless, the proposed optimization procedure can be applied in principle to any MOS device. Several aspects of the rectification process and of the receiver design are investigated by combining different numerical simulation methodologies. The direct representation of the rectification effect through the equivalent circuit of the detector is provided, which allows for the investigation of the detector–amplifier coupling, and the computation of output noise equivalent power. Numerical results are presented and used as the basis for the optimization of the receiver parameters.

Technology transfer as a tool for managing the regional innovation economy

Relevance. The Russian economy is moving to a new innovative level of development, and actively implemented projects in the field of digital transformation form the basis for creating a long-term and secure information and telecommunications infrastructure capable of providing high-speed transmission, processing and storage of large amounts of data, which will be available to a wide range of enterprises.The purpose of the study is to identify the role of technology transfer in the management of the regional innovation economy and current trends.Objectives: to study the indicators of Internet use by the population for ordering goods and services in urban and rural areas; to assess the dynamics of gross value added of the ICT sector and GDP; to assess the demand of economic and social sectors for digital technologies; to propose ways to solve these problems of digitalization of Russian enterprises.Methodology. The methods of system analysis, deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis are used.Results. Russian enterprises are experiencing significant difficulties in the process of technology transfer to the digital space due to the lack of deep readiness to accept and use open innovations, as well as due to restrictions on the free exchange of intellectual property results and insufficient level of asset sharing. These factors can slow down the pace of technology transfer of enterprises and create obstacles to their competitiveness in today's digital business environment. It is necessary to actively develop technology transfer mechanisms that promote the exchange of knowledge and resources in order to increase efficiency to the new challenges of the digital economy.Conclusions. Economic measures of technology transfer, including bans on access to foreign digital products and services, have not only negative consequences. Currently, consumers in Russia who are accustomed to using digital solutions from foreign manufacturers are faced with the need to switch to domestic analogues of technology as a result of the restrictions imposed.

Synergy of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Biodiversity Management and Conservation

Indigenous and local communities’ Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is a priceless source of information about animal behaviour, habitat, and traditional uses of wildlife. As the knowledge has grown and passed from one generation to another, it has played a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, blending TEK with zoology studies in intellectual property rights (IPR) poses separate challenges as well as benefits. The article explores the intricate relationship between TEK and IPR by emphasizing the significance of preserving this knowledge for its continuous contribution to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. The research seeks to provide an extensive analysis of different legal frameworks such as international agreements and national laws that protect TEK. It further underscores the implementation of sui generis systems that are tailored specifically for traditional knowledge which cannot be categorized under any conventional IPR. This paper also provides practical examples of how TEK can be interwoven with other forms of knowledge to enhance scientific research and conservation. Illustrations are provided here about why benefit-sharing arrangements must recognize Indigenous people and local communities’ contributions. Among other important aspects, such agreements should lead to financial compensations, support capacity development efforts, provide co-authorship opportunities as well as promote technology transfer thus effectively empowering these communities. Besides; the research under discussion highlights several ethical issues that come into play while using TEK including showing respect for cultural values and customary laws held by those who own such knowledge. It therefore calls for an inclusive approach that encourages the development of trust and mutual respect among scholars and indigenous peoples. To this end, the article offers comprehensive techniques that will help improve the safeguarding of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), to establish legally robust yet ethically considerate policies that preserve its relevance in zoological research and biodiversity conservation today.

A hybrid FeOx/CoOx/Pt ternary nanocatalyst for augmented catalysis of formic acid electro-oxidation

Platinum-based catalysts that have long been used as the anodes for the formic acid electro-oxidation (FAO) in the direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) were susceptible to retrogradation in performance due to CO poisoning that impaired the technology transfer in industry. This work is designed to overcome this challenge by amending the Pt surface sequentially with nanosized cobalt (nano-CoOx, fibril texture of ca. 200 nm in particle size) and iron (nano-FeOx, nanorods of particle size and length of 80 and 253 nm, respectively) oxides. This enriched the Pt surface with oxygenated groups that boosted FAO and mitigated the CO poisoning. The unfilled d-orbitals of the transition metals and their tendency to vary their oxidations states presumed their participation in a faster mechanism of FAO. Engineering the Pt surface in this FeOx/CoOx/Pt hierarchy resulted in a remarkable activity toward FAO, that exceeded four times that of the Pt catalyst with up to ca. 2.5 times improvement in the catalytic tolerance against CO poisoning. This associated a ca. − 32 mV shift in the onset potential of FAO which increased to − 40 mV with a post-activation of the same catalyst at − 0.5 in 0.2 mol L–1 NaOH, displaying the catalyst's competitiveness in reducing overpotentials in DFAFCs. It also exhibited a favorable amelioration in the catalytic durability in long-termed chronoamperometric electrolysis. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the CO stripping voltammetry were employed to elucidate the origin of enhancement.

Трансфер технологий как фактор инновационного развития АПК

The relevance of the study is increasing, firstly, in connection with the well-known geopolitical events that caused the aggravation of the problem of import substitution, and secondly, the activation of the "Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030," which clearly sets the task of creating conditions for the interaction of business and science. "Technology transfer" becomes a direct link between them, as well as a conductor and translator of the achievements of fundamental and applied research. "Transfer" by authors means "the introduction or phased transfer with copyright of intellectual property (product) throughout the life cycle with state and (or) municipal financial, legal and other support. It is indicated that the existing technology transfer centers in the agro-industrial complex, formed by regional universities, cannot cope with the functions assigned to them. The use of digital and technological platforms as well as ecosystems is discussed. The problem of risks that occur in the interactions of participants with each other and with system coordinators is raised. The features of the modern "technology transfer" associated with the presence of negative factors and "barriers" are taken into account. It is proposed to use institutional analysis and fuzzy cognitive modeling. The terminology for assessing the "innovation potential" of an agricultural organization, the "level of innovation activity" and others is analyzed. The term "organization's readiness for innovative development" is proposed. The need is expressed for greater involvement in the sphere of "technology transfer" of development institutions, as well as the use of "innovative vouchers." The "field" of technology transfer activities such as public-private partnerships (PPPs) is being substantiated. A scheme is proposed for the formation, transfer, commercialization and scaling of advanced production technologies. A universal transfer mechanism has been developed not only for technologies, but also for other products of intellectual activity. The results of the functioning of the existing transfer of developed advanced production technologies are demonstrated, it is argued that the introduction of the developed mechanism of "technology transfer" will help accelerate the pace of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.

International Legal Framework for the Creation, Use and Conservation of Bioresource Collections

This article presents a detailed analysis of global and regional regulation related to the creation, use, research and conservation of biological (bioresource) collections and discusses the main trends in its development. Key approaches to the regulation of activities in the field of biological (bioresource) collections based on an analysis of acts of the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are identified. While there are no international treaties that deal directly with biological (bioresource) collections at the global level, various agreements in force cover important regulatory aspects concerning the creation, use, research and conservation of biological (bioresource) collections. These aspects include (1) providing access to genetic resources; (2) technology transfer and rights over such resources and technologies; (3) financial aspects; (4) standards for the conservation of genetic resources. The corresponding international treaties concluded at global and regional levels imply both integrated and sectoral approaches to the regulation of biological (bioresource) collections (e.g., international treaties regarding crop genetic resources). The conclusion highlights the need to take into account the approaches elaborated within the framework of international and regional integration law in order to improve the relevant legal regulation in the Russian Federation.

Design of Inductive Power Transfer Charging System with Weak Coupling Coefficient

Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology is used in various applications owing to its safety features, robust environmental adaptability, and convenience. In some special applications, the charging pads are required to be as compact as possible to accommodate practical spatial requirements, and even size requirements dictate that the diameter of the charging pad matches the air gap. However, such requirements bring about a decrease in the transmission efficiency, power, and tolerance to misalignment of the system. In this paper, by comparing a double-sided inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC), double-sided inductor–capacitor–inductor (LCL), series–series (SS), and inductor–capacitor–capacitor–series (LCC-S) compensation topologies in IPT systems, we identified a double-sided LCC compensation topology that is suitable for weak coupling coefficients. Furthermore, this study modeled and simulated the typical parameters of coreless coils in circular power pads, such as the number of coil layers, turns, wire diameter, and wire spacing, to enhance the mutual inductance of the magnetic coupler during misalignment and long-distance transmission. A wireless charging system with 640 W output power was built, and the experimental results show that a maximum dc-dc efficiency of over 86% is achieved across a 200 mm air gap when the circular power pad with a diameter of 200 mm is well aligned. The experimental results show that using a suitable compensation topology and optimizing the charging pad parameters enables efficient IPT system operation when the coupling coefficient is 0.02.