Technology Transfer Research Articles

과학기술분야 정부출연연구기관의 연구사업화에 관한 이해충돌 법적 검토

This study examines the commercialization of research conducted by government-funded science and technology research institutes (hereinafter referred to as 'science and technology research institutes') and the associated legal frameworks for preventing conflicts of interest. The aim is to analyze the perceptions within the research community and propose legal improvements. Science and technology research institutes are tasked with not only conducting scientific research but also promoting technology transfer and commercialization for the dissemination and utilization of research outcomes. However, this process may involve personal interests or commercial activities, which can lead to conflicts of interest. Notably, since the implementation of the Act on the Prevention of Conflict of Interest in 2022, issues related to technology transfer and commercialization have been raised, necessitating a thorough review. The perception survey conducted within the research community revealed differences in views on research commercialization between science and technology research institutes and other organizations, with the potential for conflict of interest concerns posing a more significant barrier in the former. Additionally, research-oriented companies and researcher-founded startups reported experiencing limitations in collaboration due to conflict of interest concerns. The proposed legal improvements include: first, the establishment of explicit provisions related to researcher entrepreneurship within the Act on the Establishment, Operation and Fostering of Government-Funded Science and Technology Research Institutes to provide a clear legal basis for proactive efforts; second, a reconsideration of the application of the Act on the Prevention of Conflict of Interest to science and technology research institutes, with the consideration of exceptions or exclusions reflecting the unique nature of research and development; and third, the suggestion to utilize existing laws, such as the National Research and Development Innovation Act, to establish autonomous conflict of interest management systems within these institutes. These measures aim to strike a balance between the public responsibilities of research institutions and the social utilization of research outcomes, ensuring that researchers can actively commercialize their research while fulfilling their ethical responsibilities.

Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Domestic Investment In Brazil

In an era marked by rapid globalization and intricate economic interconnections, FDI has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth in many developing nations. Brazil, as the largest economy in Latin America, has witnessed significant fluctuations in FDI inflows over the past decades. The question of whether FDI can stimulate domestic investment remains a topic of considerable interest among economists, policymakers, and scholars. This study delves into the complex relationship between FDI and domestic investment in Brazil, employing historical data, economic indicators, and existing scholarly research. Brazil, as a prominent emerging economy and a global economic force, has consistently attracted international investors and governments. The nexus between economic development and FDI has garnered global attention. FDI not only involves the allocation of financial resources from foreign entities but also entails technology transfer, managerial expertise, and access to international markets. While these inflows have the potential to stimulate local investment, economic growth, and job creation, concerns exist regarding their possible displacement or crowding-out effect on domestic investments. Understanding the intricate correlation between FDI and domestic investment in Brazil is of paramount importance, shaping investment policies within the country and offering valuable insights for other emerging economies seeking to strike a balance between foreign and domestic capital. This study examines the impact of FDI on domestic investment in Brazil, analyzing historical data, economic indicators, and existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex relationship. The research draws on economic theories such as the neoclassical growth hypothesis, endogenous growth theory, and crowding-out hypothesis to explore the potential effects of FDI on domestic investment. It considers the regional disparities in FDI distribution and the sector-specific impacts of FDI in Brazil. Additionally, the study evaluates the role of government policies, trade openness, and financial development in moderating the relationship between FDI and domestic investment. Ultimately, this research aims to shed light on the multifaceted dynamics between FDI and domestic investment in Brazil. By addressing the positive and negative aspects of this relationship, it seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and businesses not only in the Brazilian context but also for other nations navigating the challenges and opportunities of FDI. The findings contribute to the global discourse on the impact of FDI on a nation's economic trajectory and offer guidance for informed policy decisions.

Reassessing Long-Term Cryopreservation Strategies for Improved Quality, Safety, and Clinical Use of Allogeneic Dermal Progenitor Cells

In regenerative medicine, ongoing advancements in cell culture techniques, including isolation, expansion, banking, and transport, are crucial for clinical success. Cryopreservation ensures off-the-freezer availability of living cells, enabling long-term storage and transport. Customizing cryopreservation techniques and cryoprotective agents (CPAs) for specific cell types is crucial for cell source quality, sustainability, safety, and therapeutic intervention efficiency. As regenerative medicine progresses, it becomes imperative that the scientific community and industry provide a comprehensive, cell-specific landscape of available and effective cryopreservation techniques, preventing trial-and-error approaches and unlocking the full potential of cell-based therapies. Open-sharing data could lead to safer, more efficient cell therapies and treatments. Two decades of dermal progenitor cell use for burn wound treatment and Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant technology transfers have highlighted the need for further cryopreservation optimization in manufacturing workflows. In this paper, we present experimental data assessing 5 different cryopreservation formulae for long-term storage of clinical-grade FE002 primary progenitor fibroblasts, emphasizing the crucial difference between DMSO-based and DMSO-free CPAs. Our findings suggest that CryoOx, a DMSO-free CPA, is a promising alternative yielding cell viability similar to that of established commercial CPAs. This research highlights the importance of secure, robust, and efficient cryopreservation techniques in cell banking for maximizing quality, ensuring patient safety, and advancing regenerative medicine.

Assessing the role of technology transfer and participatory technology development on farmers crop yield and income in Shawa village of Zalingei, Central Darfur State

This study is aiming at assessing the role of technology transfer and participatory technology development on farmers’ crop yield and income in Shawa village of Zalingei locality during 2022/2023 cropping rainy season. Clustered random sampling technique applied. Demonstration farm was established in an area of 1.5 feddan. Farmers field schools (FFSs) of 25 men and women farmers selected. Participatory Technology Development (PTD) for men and women farmers was also developed in an area of 1.5 feddan. Improved seeds will be grown versus local check. Each treatment comprising NPK fertilizer micro dose (0. 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 gram/ hole) randomly practiced. Fertilizer micro dose with percentage of 17-17-17 was added and mixed with seeds per hole at planting method. All farmers experienced to practical and theoretical farming of FFSs training in all research technical packages of land preparation, sowing date, seed preparation, seed dressing, thinning, weeding, water harvesting, soil conservation, pests and diseases control, seed production technologies, harvest and post harvest technologies. Results of partial crop budget revealed that all crops finically gave positive net returns. The highest yield kg/ha was obtained by Sorghum Wad-Ahmed 3500, Sorghum Butana with 3250, 3000 kg/ha for sorghum local and G/nut Gibaish, while the lowest yield/ha shown by sesame local (776 kg/ha). Therefore, the highest net returns was recorded by sorghum Butana (SDG 329048), sorghum wad-Ahmed (SDG 295477), sorghum local (SDG 269048) and G/nut Gibaish (SDG 108990). While the lowest net returns was computed by G/nut local with SDG 21,381. Results of marginal analysis revealed that sorghum Butana gave the highest MRR 1230. Results of Participatory Technology Development (PTD) of improved yields against local indicated that, the highest yield obtained by sorghum Wad-Ahmed and G/nut Gibaish (1100 and 950 kg/feddan), respectively. While the lowest yield obtained by sesame local (195 kg/feddan). The increased over decreased of improved versus local showed that sorghum wad-ahmed exceed local by 11%, millet Ashana 36%, sesame Promio 13% and groundnut Gibaish exceed local by 25%. The study recommended strengthening research extension farmers and enhancing farmers’ participatory technology development.

Wafer-scale N-polar GaN heterogeneous structure fabricated by surface active bonding and laser lift-off

N-polar Gallium nitride (GaN) technology is one of the most important technical routes for millimeter-wave devices. This paper introduces a new approach based on reverse epitaxial layer transfer technology to fabricate N-polar GaN materials. By combining low-damage surface-activated bonding and laser lift-off techniques, a wafer-scale N-polar GaN heterogeneous structure with low O impurities, high two-dimensional electron gas density, and high carrier mobility was obtained. The thin (∼2 nm) crystal bonding interlayer, coupled with the low thermal boundary resistance of only 6.8 m2K/G·W, provides evidence for the low interfacial damage caused by this approach. These results demonstrate its superiority as an attractive method for fabricating high-performance N-polar GaN millimeter-wave devices.

Digitalization and Cyber Security Policies in Uzbekıstan's Institutions and Sectors in One Belt One Road Project

The diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) into a rapidly growing area of global trade has contributed significantly to the gains made by companies and governments. Increasing consumption at the international level and the desire for faster and more reliable delivery of goods have led to the emergence of new sectors. In this context, states, other government agencies, and the private sector have sought to enhance their bilateral relations and investments and establish strategic partnerships to develop new fast, and reliable trade networks. While actions and activities in cyberspace and digital spaces have provided significant convenience and opportunities, they have also led to significant security concerns. The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the contribution of the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative to the digitalization of Uzbekistan and the policies pursued by Uzbekistan in this regard, and to investigate the effects of public and private sector institutional cooperation in the One Belt, One Road project. The content analysis method was applied, one of the qualitative research methods. The study was also strengthened with the SWOT analysis method. By comparing relevant documents and sources on the subject, the aim of the study was concluded. The studies carried out to increase Uzbekistan's cyber capacity, the importance of maintaining strong cyber security policies through technology transfer, the challenges and legal regulations, institutional and sectoral cooperation, and their effects are the problem statements within the outline of the purpose of the study.

Evaluating the Impact of Agri-startups on Technology Transfer: Insights from Farmers in Madurai and Dindigul Districts, Tamil Nadu, India

Evaluating the Impact of Agri-startups on Technology Transfer: Insights from Farmers in Madurai and Dindigul Districts, Tamil Nadu, India

Integrating Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics to Investigate the Mechanism of Fetal Placental Overgrowth in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Cattle.

A major factor limiting the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology is the low success rate of pregnancy, mainly due to placental abnormalities disrupting the maternal-fetal balance during pregnancy. Although there has been some progress in research on the abnormal enlargement of cloned bovine placenta, there are still few reports on the direct regulatory mechanisms of enlarged cloned bovine placenta tissue. In this study, we conducted sequencing and analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of placental tissues from SCNT cattle (n = 3) and control (CON) cattle (n = 3). The omics analysis results indicate abnormalities in biological functions such as protein digestion and absorption, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the regulation of lipid breakdown, as well as glycerolipid metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism in the placenta of SCNT cattle. Integrating these analyses highlights critical metabolic pathways affecting SCNT cattle placenta, including choline metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that aberrant expressions of genes, proteins, and metabolites in SCNT placentas affect key pathways in protein digestion, growth hormone function, and energy metabolism. Our results suggest that abnormal protein synthesis, growth hormone function, and energy metabolism in SCNT bovine placental tissues contribute to placental hypertrophy. These findings offer valuable insights for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying SCNT bovine placental abnormalities.

Nigeria’s Quest for Investments Relations from China: Prospects for Achieving Mutual Benefits

The study assessed the prospects for achieving mutual benefits in the investment relations between Nigeria and China from 1999 to 2022. The investment relations involved execution of government contracts in the form of infrastructure such as roads, dams among others. The objectives of the study were to examine the nature and benefits of investment relations between Nigeria and China from 1999 to 2022. The methodology used was the explanatory design. The data were analysed through themes and content analysis. The findings revealed that Chinese investments in Nigeria was not beneficial to Nigeria in the area of technology transfer and equal opportunities for market access. This implied that the unequal relationship increased the dependency of the Nigerian economy on China

Pemberdayaan Petani Padi Sawah dalam Meningkatan Efisiensi Usaha Tani dengan Pembuatan dan Aplikasi Herbisida Organik di Desa Botolempangan Kabupaten Maros

Botolempangan Village in Bontoa Sub-district is one of the centers of paddy rice production in Maros Regency, with characteristics of rain-fed paddy fields that have many obstacles to weed infestation, especially if the dry season is abandoned from rice farming activities, before being planted during the rainy season where farmers are very dependent on the use of herbicides. Dependence on the use of synthetic (inorganic) herbicides occurs from the pre-growth period of seeds, seedlings to the maintenance process. High costs result in considerable inefficiencies in rice farming. Training in technology transfer efforts to make Organic Herbicide Formulations, and their applications are carried out to increase the Empowerment and Efficiency of rice farming on Rainfed Rice Fields. With the efficiency target is to increase the profit of paddy rice farming, minimizing inorganic herbicide inputs. The output of this activity ultimately produces products that can be applied to at least reduce or reduce the use of inorganic herbicides. At the end of the activity, farmer business groups are able to produce and apply Organic Herbicide Formulations on Demoplots on Farmer-Owned Land.

Multi‐Mode Elastic Full‐Color Fluorescent Patterns for Multi‐Visual Encryption

AbstractThe development of multi‐mode fluorescent patterns has attracted widespread attention, particularly for applications in high‐density information storage and highly secure encryption. However, the fabrication process of multi‐mode fluorescent patterns generally involves tedious and expensive steps. Specifically, in the fabrication technology of elastic full‐color fluorescent patterns, there is still a lack of ideal patterning preparation technology that can overcome the solvent orthogonality problem associated with multi‐color fabrication while ensuring both high elasticity and luminescence efficiency of the pattern. Herein, the multi‐mode elastic fluorescent patterns are successfully fabricated by multiple transferring of the quantum dots (QDs) from the carrier substrates to the elastomeric PDMS substrate via femtosecond laser‐induced forward transfer (FsLIFT) technology. Due to its solvent‐free nature, absence of masking requirements, and no need for annealing during FsLIFT processing, the multiple transferred QD films achieve independent patterns and does not interfere with each other, providing a strong promise for the fabrication of multi‐mode elastic full‐color patterns. Based on these stretchable fluorescent patterns, multi‐visual encryption techniques are successfully demonstrated. The proposed FsLIFT technology offers an efficient and straightforward strategy for fabricating multi‐mode fluorescent patterns with potential applications in advanced commercial security information encryption and dynamic camouflage.

The [formula omitted]-RWELL for future HEP challenges

The challenges posed by the forthcoming High-Energy Physics experiments require advanced particle detection technologies that are industrially scalable. The μ-RWELL, a single-amplification stage resistive MPGD utilizing sequential build-up (SBU) technology, addresses these needs. This paper reviews the main characteristics of the detector, the design of high-rate layouts, and their testing at INFN-LNF. It provides a detailed description of the detector construction processes at ELTOS and the CERN MPT Workshop. The findings highlight the industrial feasibility of detector construction, offering benefits in production time and cost. A significant focus is on the production of large DLC foils, which are essential for the detector’s amplification stage. This was facilitated by the acquisition of a DC-magnetron sputtering machine through a CERN-INFN collaboration. Detailed test results using an X-ray gun at LNF and particle beams at the CERN North Area clearly show that the detector achieves a gas gain of 104 and a rate capability greater than 1 MHz/cm2, while the efficiency of the optimized high-rate layout is about 98%. Preliminary outcomes from the 2023 co-production pilot test show a production yield larger than 90%. This successful technology transfer marks a step towards building larger detectors for future HEP challenges.

Impact of geopolitical risk on green international technology spillovers: FDI and import channels

This study investigates the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on green international technology spillovers through foreign direct investment (FDI) and import channels. The research aims to understand how GPR influences the transfer of green technologies, which are crucial for sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. Utilizing data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2019, our findings indicate that increased GPR significantly hinders green technology spillovers through both FDI and imports. Additionally, the research demonstrates that advancements in local green technology levels (GTL), marketization (Mark), and intellectual property rights protection (IPRP) can mitigate the adverse effects of GPR. These results underscore the critical importance of political stability and robust internal mechanisms in promoting international technological exchanges. This study contributes to the literature on the intersection of political risks and technological advancement and provides actionable insights for policymakers to enhance resilience against geopolitical uncertainties, thereby fostering sustainable economic development.

Optimising Electric Flex-Route Feeder Transit Service with Dynamic Wireless Charging Technology

The emergence of battery electric buses (BEBs) can alleviate environmental problems caused by tailpipe emissions in transit system. However, the high cost of on-board batteries and range anxiety hinder its further development. Recently, the advent of dynamic wireless power transfer technology (DWPT) has become a potential solution to promote the development of BEBs. Hence, this study focuses on the application of DWPT in flex-route transit system. A mixed integer non-linear model is proposed to simultaneously optimise the bus routing and the selection of corresponding bus types considering the constraints of passengers’ travel time, battery size and bus capacity. The objective is to minimise both transit agency cost and passengers’ travel time cost. A tangible hybrid variable neighbourhood search (HVNS) consisting of simulated annealing (SA) and variable neighbourhood search (VNS) is developed to solve the proposed model efficiently. Compared with GAMS (DICOPT solver) and VNS, the proposed algorithm can considerably improve computational efficiency. The results suggest that the proposed model can effectively determine the BEBs’ routing and bus type for flex-route transit system powered by DWPT through a case study in Xi’an China. A comparative analysis shows the proposed model takes 12.97% less total cost than the alternative model with terminal charging technology (TCT).

Ebeam Technology - Transfer Technology for Pre-Sterilized RTU Components.

With increased demand on sealed packed, pre-sterilized ready-to-use (RTU) components like Syringes & Vials, the ebeam technology is used as transfer technology with surface decontamination for transfer of the RTU in a GRADE A environment like an Isolator.

Assessing the efficiency of using precision farming technology and remote monitoring of weather conditions in the activities of agricultural enterprises

The object of this study was the technology of precision agriculture and remote monitoring of weather conditions. The task to evaluate the effectiveness of using precision farming and precision irrigation technologies in the activities of agricultural enterprises under different conditions, in particular, different climatic and weather conditions, has been considered. To solve the task, a hardware-software system for smart irrigation and remote monitoring of weather conditions in the activities of agricultural enterprises during the cultivation of agricultural crops was designed and described. Results of the system's performance were analyzed in the activities of the Ukrainian agricultural company, which grew potatoes of various varieties in the Kyiv oblast (Ukraine) from 2021 to 2023. The results show that the average yield of potatoes of different varieties without irrigation for three years of observation was 29.74 t/ha, with irrigation – 48.99 t/ha, and with smart irrigation – 55.26 t/ha. At the same time, in the latter case, water, human, and financial resources were saved. The increase in yield with smart irrigation compared to yield with conventional irrigation over the three years of observation was on average 12.8 %. According to the results of the implementation of the hardware-software system for smart irrigation and remote monitoring of weather conditions in Ukraine, the effect of the possible implementation of this system by agricultural companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan was analyzed. The forecast of the average yield of potatoes for the period from 2024 to 2026 was built based on the model of linear weighted moving average, taking into account corrections in the case of using smart irrigation. Data on potato yield from 1990 to 2023 were chosen as the basis. The use of smart irrigation according to the described technology could increase the yield of potatoes of various varieties on average from 31.71 t/ha to 35.78 t/ha in comparison with the forecast values of yield without irrigation at the level of 19.25 t/ha. This confirms the need to apply the transfer of precision farming technologies to increase the yield of agricultural crops, in particular potatoes, and the productivity of agricultural companies

EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AS A CATALYST FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM IN UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

This article explores the potential of medical tourism as a key component of Ukraine’s economic recovery strategy after the war, emphasizing the role of European integration in this context. Medical tourism, known for its ability to attract significant foreign investment and improve the economic indicators of the country's development, is seen as a strategic sector that can significantly contribute to the socio-economic recovery of Ukraine after a long conflict. The object of the research is the post-war reconstruction of the health care industry, where Ukraine faces the dual challenge of reviving its economy and enhancing the global competitiveness of its medical sector. Despite a well-established foundation in medical education and the affordability of medical services attractive to international patients, Ukraine encounters several barriers. The article identifies key problems, such as underdeveloped infrastructure, low level of certification of medical institutions, and ineffectiveness of regulations, which are currently inhibiting the full-scale development of medical tourism. The article focuses on the impact of European integration processes on the medical tourism sector. It asserts that closer alignment with European standards could lead to the modernization of medical services, enhancing quality and trust in Ukraine's medical tourism market. This integration promotes the adoption of best practices in medical service provision and management, ensuring that Ukrainian medical institutions can meet and exceed international patients' expectations. Various aspects of medical tourism are explored, from the development of medical services before the war, which predominantly attracted patients from Europe, to the dramatic consequences of the war, including infrastructure damage and professional brain drain. Legal reforms aimed at streamlining and improving the regulatory framework for medical tourism are discussed as critical to creating a conducive environment for the sector. The role of the strategic partnerships with European medical institutions is highlighted as a crucial factor. Such partnerships could lead to technology transfer, joint research, and educational opportunities, which not only improve service quality but also enhance the international image of Ukraine's medical tourism sector. Additionally, these collaborations can help to standardize medical procedures and protocols to match European norms, thereby increasing the safety and appeal of medical services offered in Ukraine. The article underscores the need for continued reforms, investment in modern medical technologies, and marketing strategies for the international promotion of Ukraine as a leading provider of medical tourism services. It notes that addressing outlined challenges and effectively leveraging European integration could enable Ukraine to tap into the growing global market for medical tourism, offering comprehensive, high-quality, and cost-effective medical solutions to international patients. Overall, the article provides a deep analysis of the catalytic role of European integration in advancing medical tourism in Ukraine, noting that with the right policies and international cooperation, Ukraine can significantly improve its economic landscape and health care standards in the post-war period.

Promoting Environmental Sustainability: The Role of Renewable Energy Systems and Environmental Taxes

This study examines the effects of renewable energy consumption and environmental taxes on CO2 emissions in OECD countries from 1990 to 2022, employing the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach. The findings reveal that both renewable energy consumption and environmental taxes significantly reduce CO2 emissions in both the short and the long term, emphasizing their crucial roles in climate change mitigation and sustainability promotion. Furthermore, this study identifies that industrialization and urbanization contribute to increased emissions, whereas foreign direct investment aids in emission reduction through the facilitation of green technology transfer. Economic growth is initially associated with higher emissions, but this trend reverses as economies mature and adopt sustainable practices. These results highlight the importance of continuous investment in renewable energy infrastructure and the implementation of robust environmental tax policies to achieve long-term sustainability goals. The integration of environmental considerations into economic and urban planning, along with leveraging foreign direct investment for technological advancements, is imperative for balancing economic growth with the necessity to reduce carbon emissions and effectively address climate change. This research provides a better understanding of the diverse factors influencing CO2 emissions and offers critical insights for policymakers.

Experimental investigation on the performance of a high capacity dual compensation chamber loop heat pipe under the effect of acceleration

As an efficient two-phase heat transfer technology, the application of loop heat pipe (LHP) technology in the aerospace industry has received more attention in recent years. This paper presents a performance study of a high capacity dual compensation chamber loop heat pipe (DCCLHP) under acceleration environment. The experimental study investigated accelerations up to 8 g in five directions, while the DCCLHP operated close to the heat transfer limit in the corresponding directions. The experimental results indicated that the effect of acceleration on the performance of the DCCLHP could be either favorable or unfavorable, depending on the direction of acceleration. The operating temperature of the DCCLHP varied between −6 °C and +14 °C under different acceleration conditions. The thermal resistance changes of the DCCLHP ranged from −25 % to 116 %. For the high capacity DCCLHP, the effect of acceleration on its performance was mainly realized by affecting the thickness of the condensate film inside the condenser, which in turn affected the condenser performance. The research findings presented in this paper might aid in the advancement of DCCLHP technology for aircraft applications.

Understanding private consultants’ involvement in technology transfer – a case study

PurposeIn the realm of innovation systems and technology transfer (TT), the emergence of open innovation and complex market dynamics has amplified innovation intermediaries’ prominence of their role and involvement in TT projects. This study delves into private consultants’ involvement in TT projects, namely in what got them involved by the project’s key stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachAn iterative two-phased research approach was followed, including exploratory interviews and a quantitative case study of a consultancy firm engaged in 219 TT projects.FindingsFive main key motivators were found to lead TT stakeholders to involve private consultants in their TT projects, being the most relevant, the proactivity of private consultants.Originality/valueThe case study and results provide an alternative perspective of TT endeavours, emphasising the importance given by TT stakeholders (mostly recipient companies) to private consultants’ involvement as innovation intermediaries.