Transural Region Research Articles

Adaptability of hybrid populations of Linum usitatissimum L. in conditions of the Northern Transural region

Relevance. The selection of genotypes with high adaptive properties for the conditions of the Tyumen region allows us to contribute to the development of a regional strategy for breeding and genetic work, selection and cultivation of varieties in connection with changing weather and climatic conditions.Material and methodology. The research was carried out over a three-year period (2020-2022) in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. Intervarietal hybridization (4x4 scheme), evaluation of the obtained material according to morphological (4 pcs.), biological (1 pc.), adaptive indicators (2 pcs.) was carried out using generally accepted methods. The objects of study were 12 combinations of fiber flax, first obtained in the region.Results. Significant differences (p<0.05*) were determined between hybrid populations of fiber flax in the influence of genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interaction on the degree of implementation of the studied traits. Correlation relationships have been identified that determine the fiber content in the stem (r=0.79-0.91*, growing season, plant height, inflorescence length, softness, camber), the number and weight of seeds per plant (r=0.79-0 ,91*, inflorescence length, number, size and crackability of the capsule). Based on the results of individual selection in the third hybrid generation (F3), early ripening (4 pieces), tall (n=4), with the maximum number of bolls (n=4) and the number of seeds in them (n=7), fiber content (n =4) in the stem of the combination.Conclusions. Hybrid combinations of fiber flax with high levels of stable properties (G1, G3, G9, G10, G11), productivity criteria (G1, G2, G4, G7, G8, G9, G11, G12) can be valuable in breeding work.

Ассортимент изделий из цветного металла раннего железного века поселения Исетское 3 в Нижнем Приисетье

Metal production in the Trans-Ural region in the Early Iron Age is known mainly from materials from the Itkul and Sargat cultures. The article introduces into scientific circulation the largest collection of objects (80 items) made of non-ferrous metal of the Baitovo culture of this period from the settlement of Isetskoye 3, located in the Lower Iset river area. The purpose of the study is to morphometrically characterize and determine the complex typology, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis with synchronous materials. The studied series of items includes weapons (arrowheads), labor tools (knives, a celt, an awl), elements of horse harness (a fragment of a bit), toilet items, jewelry (a mirror, rings, plaques), etc., as well as slags, ingots, and waste bronze foundry production. Preliminary conclusions on production technology were obtained, indicating that stone and clay molds were used for casting. The authors experimentally tested the hypothesis, which was not confirmed, on the possibility of using wooden knife models in the manufacture of clay casting molds. Signs of forging and abrasive casting processing were recorded on several metal objects. Based on their typology and the identified analogies, it was concluded that the complex is characteristic of the Scythian-Siberian cultures and can be dated back to the 7th – 6th/3rd centuries BC, which testifies to the contacts and connections of the Baitovo population with both the western (Itkul) and the eastern metallurgical centers. The presence of slag, a significant amount of bronze casting waste, and mold fragments confirms its local nature, which, however, does not exclude the import of some metal products from other territories.

Upper Eocene benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Western Siberia (Trans-Ural Region): a multi-proxy approach to infer environmental changes

During the Late Eocene, the West Siberian Basin became increasingly isolated from the Peri-Tethys Ocean. The final stage of this marine connection is marked by sediments of the Tavda Formation thatwere deposited during the Bartonian and Priabonion. We have analyzed the composition, structure and diversity of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in core material from the Kyshtyrla Quarry located in the southwest of Western Siberia to reconstruct the depositional environment during the terminal phase of marine sedimentation in theWest Siberian Basin (Upper Tavda Subformation). The foraminiferal record was jointly used with lithological and geochemical multi-proxy data to infer the chronology of events that shaped the critical transition until the complete closure of the basin. Based on stratigraphic index markers, a Priabonian age is indicated for sediments of the Upper Tavda Subformation. From the bottom to the top of the core, the foraminiferal biotas progressively shift from shallow subtidal to low-diverse and stress-tolerant intertidal assemblages, indicative for an increasing isolation of the West Siberian Basin. The increasing shallowing of the marine basin is accompanied by a gradual shift in grain size, and the continuous presence of benthic foraminifera and ratios of geochemical proxies (Sr/Ba, Si/Al, Ti/Al, Zr/Al, K/Al, and U/Th) indicate that mainly marine to brackish water conditions prevailed.

Influence of zeolites of different fractions on the yield and quality of tomatoes in the Northern Transural region

Influence of zeolites of different fractions on the yield and quality of tomatoes in the Northern Transural region

Nomenclatural standards of barley cultivars bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of the Tyumen Scientific Research Center SB RAS

The article contains descriptions of the morphological, biological and economic characters of spring barley cultivars ‘Kudesnik’ and ‘Divnyj’ (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. distichon (L.) Körn. var. nutans Körn.) bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SRIA for NTUR – Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen region, Russia) as well as information about the history of spring barley breeding at the said Institute.As part of this work, the nomenclatural standards of cultivars ‘Kudesnik’ and ‘Divnyj’ were created. The plant material for nomenclatural standards was collected at the Pushkin laboratories of the Research and Production Base “Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIRˮ. All plants for making a herbarium specimen of a cultivar were those grown from one seed sample.The nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Kudesnik’ is represented by one herbarium sheet and is duplicated by four herbarium sheets, while the nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Divnyj’ is mounted on one herbarium sheet and has three duplicate sheets. Every sheet contains the entire plant at the milky ripeness stage, mature spikes and grain samples.The nomenclatural standards were produced in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and registered in the VIR Herbarium database. The herbarium specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR) at the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources.

Economic and biological value of spring rape varieties for solving the protein problem under the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals region

Rapeseed is an excellent representative of forage crops, which has no equal in nutritional value, feeding value or low cost of production. It can be considered an excellent source of edible oil, as well as feed protein, and occupies one of the leading positions in solving problems associated with the availability of protein nutrition in animals. The importance of this crop has increased with the development of various modern erucosinolate-free and low-glucosinolate varieties. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of obtaining a stable yield of oilseeds and herbage mass of spring rape, identifying the most productive varieties for use in solving the problem of protein in feed under the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals. Field experiments were carried out at the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State University” in 2021–2023. During the years of research, a negative eff ect of drought on the yield of seeds and green mass of spring rapeseed varieties was noted. The lowest average seed yield was obtained for all tested varieties in 2022 – 1,99 t/ha, in 2023 the yield was 2,23 t/ha and in 2021 – 2,37 t/ha. The strength of influence of the “weather conditions of the year” factor was 24,5 %, and the “variety” factor on the productivity of spring rapeseed was 35,7 %, which was by 1,5 times higher than the “weather conditions of the year” factor. The highest herbage mass yield on average was obtained on the variety Yarilo and amounted to 20,6 t/ha, then followed by the variety Yubileiny (standard). The lowest average over three years of research was shown by the variety Ratnik – 9,6 t/ha.

Дневная и сезонная динамика интенсивности транспирации вереска обыкновенного (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill) на юге ареала в Зауралье

The Trans-Ural region is the southern point of the common heather (C. vulgaris) range. Field ecophysiological
 study of C. vulgaris plants transpiration intensity (IT) was carried out in connection with the problem of marginal populations adaptation to arid climate. The research was carried out in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Ural region (Kurgan
 region), where an abundant population of heather grows. The dailyvariation of IT was studied taking into account a set
 of recorded ecoclimate limiting factors (wind speed, illumination, dynamics of air temperature and humidity, soil temperature) during one growing season (from April to September 2016) under the canopy of a pine forest and in the adjacent
 clearing. To study IT, annual apical shoots of plants 4 cm long were used in triplicate for each time period. The total
 sample size on one day of measurements ranged from 30-35 shoots. The transpiration rate was determined by the rapid
 weighing method, which takes into account the water lost by the shoot over a certain time period. When processing the
 data, we used correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient r), which made it possible to clarify the strength and
 direction of two continuous (metric) variables interaction. Differences in IT daily changes were revealed in plants growing
 under the forest canopy and in the open areas. Under conditions of long-term atmospheric and soil drought, which is
 common for the region, in 2016 a sharp decrease in heather water content was observed, starting from 10 a.m. throughout
 the entire growing season, with the exception of April, when the moisture deficit in the soil and heather tissues was still
 minimal. In May, maximum IT values in the clearing were noted at 14:00 (8.5 mg/h×10 –4) whereas under the canopy of
 the tree stand, peak IT values begin at 10 a.m. (12.7 mg/h×10 –4). Daytime summer transpiration in common heather (C.
 vulgaris) is even less intense than spring transpiration ((3–5 mg/h×10–4).It was revealed that meteorological factors play
 a decisive role in IT in various types of forest. In open felled areas, the determining factor is PAR (0.81, p < 0.05) and, to
 a lesser extent, atmospheric temperature (0.69, p < 0.05), and under the canopy - only PAR (0.96, p <0.05). A decrease
 in IT and, accordingly, photosynthesis leads to a decrease in the population’s vitality and non-ripening of seeds, which is
 an ecophysiological factor of the heather absence south of Kurgan city.

ПАМЯТНИК АРХЕОЛОГИИ «КОКШАРОВСКИЙ ХОЛМ — ЮРЬИНСКОЕ ПОСЕЛЕНИЕ»: НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ

Fixation in the cultural layer of the archaeological site of all ceramic types of the Trans-Ural region: early Neolithic (the last third of the 7th — the turn of the 6th–5th millennium BC) the Koshkino and the Koksharovsko-Yur’inskaya (Kozlovo) cultures, Late Neolithic (the turn of the 6th–5th millennium BC — the middle of the 5th millennium BC) of the Poludenskaya and the Basyanovskaya (local variant of the Boborykino) cultures, allows setting the tasks of the relationship of these complexes from the point of view of solving not only the “classical” problems of archaeology: typology, stratigraphy, absolute and relative chronology, etc. but also some socio-cultural interpretations. On the materials of such a specific source as an archaeological one, the solution of such problems is available in the analysis of only some archaeological sites. The authors of the article state, firstly, the dual nature of the social organization of primitive collectives within the heterogeneous community that created this unique archaeological complex, especially manifested in the early Neolithic stage in the face of the Koshkino and the Koksharovsko-Yur’inskaya population groups, whose activities were sealed by both joint production and cult practices and, most likely, the commonality of family and marriage relations, which was based on the principle of exogamy. Secondly, the authors assume for the Koksharovsky Kholm sanctuary the status of a cult place not only of a local district, but as an interregional center of a significant sociocultural space. Thirdly, one can observe the preservation in the Late Neolithic time of the microlithic flint processing technique, which in the Basyanovo community could have performed not only a production, but also a cult function. Fourthly, at the origins of the functioning of the “Koksharovsky Kholm — Yur’inskoe Settlement” archeological site was, most likely, the Koshkino group of population.

СООБЩЕСТВА МЕЛКИХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ СЕВЕРНОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ТОБОЛО-ИШИМСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ

The paper summarises the material on the communities of small mammals in the northern forest-steppe of the Tobol-Ishim interfluve (the South Trans-Ural region). A brief history of the study of this group of animals is reviewed. The use of two accounting methods (cones with guide systems and trap lines) made it possible to identify the species composition most fully. 18 species of insectivores and rodents have been registered in the studied territory. At the same time, the species composition, the group of background and dominant species, and the indicators of the total abundance of small mammals in the studied territory were largely determined by the specifics of the animal accounting method. The core of small mammals of the northern forest-steppe of the Tobolo-Ishim interfluve consisted of species tending to moistened habitats – common and pigmy shrew. In general, regardless of the method of accounting animals, they were characterized by low abundance in the study period.

Inheritance of valuable productivity traits of hybrid combinations of local and foreign oat varieties in the conditions of the Trans-Ural region

The results of studying the character of inheritance of valuable traits of the first-generation hybrids obtained from crossing foreign and domestic varieties of oats in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals are presented. The experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2019 and 2020. The object of the study were 18 F1 hybrid populations and 6 parent varieties: Talisman, Otrada, Foma, Sang, Solidor and Ensiler. Productivity elements were evaluated according to the methodology of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. B.A. Dospekhov's methodology was used for statistical data processing. Inheritance of phenotypic traits was determined according to G.M. Beil and R.E. Atkins. Analysis of the yield structure elements demonstrated the lack of advantage of foreign selection varieties over the genotypes obtained in the Northern Trans-Urals. It has been established that the Otrada variety is not inferior to Sang, Solidor and Ensiler varieties in terms of panicle ear grain content and the thousand-kernel weight, and Foma is superior to them. It has been determined that crosses between the varieties of local and foreign selection have a high percentage of success (42–68%), which makes them promising in the breeding process. It has been revealed that 50% of hybrid combinations are characterized by depression in the trait "plant height" – the degree of phenotypic dominance in this case varies from –22.2 to –3.1 units. Crossing of Foma with foreign varieties ensured overdominance in the panicle height, its grain content and the thousand-kernel weight. According to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the productivity elements, the following promising hybrid combinations have been identified: Ensiler × Otrada, Sang × Otrada, Foma × Sang. In the above combinations, selection of high-yielding genotypes can be carried out from the second generation onwards. It is recommended to select promising lines among hybrid combinations, where one of the parental forms is the Foma variety, in the later generations. Hybrids of the first generation obtained from crossing the Talisman variety with Ensiler, Sang and Solidor varieties have no advantages over the parental forms and are unpromising for the breeding process.

Yield and fat content in oil flax seeds under the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

Oil flax is a valuable agricultural crop that is widely used in industry. Technical oil and cheap vegetable protein for livestock production are obtained from it, which makes it a valuable feed crop for the production of oilcake and presscake. The purpose of the work was to study collection samples of oil fl ax in the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals, to identify the best in terms of yield and fat content. It was revealed as a result of the research that some samples of oilseed fl ax from the world collection of All-Russian Institute of Plant Growing have high adaptability to the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. These samples are characterized by high yield, as well as a high amount of oil in the seeds. Thus, the use of these samples in breeding work will make it possible to create new varieties of oil fl ax that meet modern production requirements. As a result of the research, Russian varieties were identifi ed that were distinguished by high productivity such as Voronezhsky 1308/138, VIR 1650, Sibirsky 397, and August. Some varieties of imported selection such as Micael (France), Omega amd Prairie Blue (Canada), Chibik (Chibis, Ukraine) and BaYaNo 7 (China), their yield varied at the level of 210–247 g/m2. The highest fat content in seeds was in the following varieties: BaYaNo 12 and BaYaNo 7 (China) – 50,7 and 47,5 %, August (Russia) – 47,5 %, Bakhmalsky 1056 (Uzbekistan) – 47,6 %. The selected varieties are recommended for use in practical selection and production on the soils of the Northern Trans-Urals region.

Indicators of environmental variability in spring bread wheat cultivars under the conditions of Tyumen Province

Background. Among wheat breeding trends, the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region prioritizes selection of new source material and development of cultivars with improved agronomic traits and higher resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. The breeders also pay attention to environmental plasticity of the cultivars.Materials and methods. A field study of 362 spring bread wheat accessions from VIR was performed in the fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2011–2016 under contrasting climate conditions. Thirty genotypes were identified for a set of useful agronomic traits. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. Rank correlation coefficients, plasticity indices (bi), yield ranges (d, %), homeostaticity (H-st), homeostasis (Hom), and responsiveness coefficients (Kp) were calculated.Results. It was established that cultivars with potentially high yield, plasticity, and strong response to changing environmental conditions: ‘Altaiskaya 110’ (k-65128), ‘Bashkirskaya 28’ (k-64852), ‘AC Pollet’ (k-64975), ‘Chelyaba 75’ (k-64871), ‘Aletch’ (k65011), and ‘Struna Mironovskaya’ (k-65016), may be recommended for breeding intensive cultivars. Accessions with low levels of plasticity and less pronounced environmental variability indices, but tolerant to deteriorated environmental conditions: ‘Tarskaya 10’ (k-64996), ‘FPCh-Рpd-0s’ (k-65123), and ‘Novosibirskaya 44’ (k-64867), can be used to produce climateresistant cultivars.Conclusion. The Ymax, d, V and Kp indicators should be applied for preliminary assessment of cultivars for yield variability, as they are positively correlated to each other and provide quite significant information. Such complementary indicators as bi and S2di, H-st and Hom, positively associated with each other and having a multidirectional effect, are effective for comprehensive assessment of cultivars for environmental variability.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MAIZE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRANS-URALS REGION

Maise is a promising crop that stabilises crop production in the arid climatic conditions of the Trans-Urals region. To obtain maise feed in this region, especially given the short frost-free period, earlymaturing hybrids are cultivated, and technologies that allow for stable yields are used, typically intensive ones that involve active weed control (which is particularly relevant for row crops) and optimisation of the plant nutrition system. With the systematic increase in the prices of production inputs, primarily herbicides, mineral fertilisers, and fuel and lubricants, it is essential to consider the economic efficiency of technologies in specific conditions. This research aims to provide an economic assessment of various intensity levels of maise cultivation technologies in the Trans-Urals region under modern market conditions and establish economically efficient weed control methods. A comparison of productivity and economic indicators for extensive, regular, and intensive technologies was presented against three primary soil tillage methods: ploughing, minimal, and no primary (autumn) tillage. Comprehensive measures for protecting maise from weeds at different levels of soil tillage minimisation were shown. The economic efficiency of maise cultivation technologies was calculated at 2008 and 2022 prices. It was found that due to the faster rise in prices of chemical inputs compared to fuel and lubricant prices, the economic efficiency of mechanical weed control methods for maise is increasing. Despite a significant increase in fertiliser prices, their application under maise remains highly efficient, confirming the economic advantage of intensive technologies over extensive ones.

SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE TRANS-URALS REGION

Data on the influence of weather conditions, varieties, predecessors, soil cultivation, and mineral nutrition on soybean yield compared with spring wheat are presented. The research was conducted in short-term (two years) and stationary field experiments (eight years) on leached chernozem soils in the central natural zone of the Kurgan region. In the ecological trial, Siberian (SibNIISK-315, Sibiryachka) and European (Bilyavka) selection soybean varieties were tested in favourable hydrotechnical conditions in 2019, with good soil moisture (predecessor fallow), providing productivity potential at the level of 2.00 – 2.23 t/ ha. With a similar cultivation technology and unfavourable natural factors in 2020, a slight yield advantage was observed for the SibNIISK-315 variety (1.77 t/ha compared to 1.60 t/ha for Sibiryachka and 1.72 t/ha for Bilyavka). The Sibiryachka soybean variety stood out for its grain protein content (35.4%). The yield and grain quality data of these varieties can be considered promising for the conditions of the Trans-Urals region. Cultivating the SibNIISK-315 soybean variety as a second crop after fallow in arid years (ETC 0.3 – 0.6) allowed for successful drought resistance, with soybeans yielding at 1 t/ha. Spring wheat in these years yielded no more than 0.68 t/ha. Under sufficient moisture conditions (ETC 1.0–1.2), soybean yield for ploughing was 1.42–1.78 t/ha, and surface treatment was 1.33–1.66 t/ha. A positive effect on outcome was noted with small doses of nitrogen fertilisers – 10 and 20 kg of active substance per hectare of crop rotation area. With relatively equal yields, surface treatment is a less costly option. Traditional crop rotation (fallow – three years – wheat) and crop rotation with soybeans (fallow – wheat – soybeans – wheat) during the years of research (2015 – 2022) showed similar productivity. Still, higher grain production profitability was achieved in the crop rotation with soybeans: 58.1% compared to 35.8%.

On the expansion of the range of Polyplax hannswrangeli Eichler, 1952 (Anoplura) in Western Siberia

In the South Trans-Ural region, 2106 insectivores and rodents of 18 species were captured in 2022, and 3633 lice of 9 species were collected from them. The louse P. hannswrangeli parasitizing on the field vole was recorded for the first time in this area. A total of 64 specimens of this louse species (adults and larvae) were recorded. The louse P. hannswrangeli was found on voles in two out of 22 examined biotopes in a pine-birch wild rose-forb felling and dead cover pine forest. At present, the louse P. hannswrangeli in the West Siberian Plain is known from forest-tundra, northern and middle taiga, and herb-bunchgrass steppe. Further studies do not exclude findings of this species in other zones (subzones) of Western Siberia.

Breeding and population structure of the root vole <i>Alexandromys oeconomus</i> Pallas, 1776 (Cricetidae, Rodentia) in the Southern Trans-Urals region

Features of the breeding and population structure of the root vole inhabiting the Southern Trans-Urals region during the periods of 1981–2001 and 2020–2022 are considered. Animals were captured during both winter and snowless periods. A total of 754 root voles were captured using ditches with pitfalls (guide fences made of polyethylene film) and trap lines. As in the other parts of their range, root voles in the Southern Trans-Urals region prefer near-water habitats. Winter breeding is characteristic of this rodent in the Southern Trans-Urals region, but the most intensive breeding is observed in May–June. These months are also characterized by the maximum fecundity for both overwintered and young females. Overwintered females can produce up to 4 litters during their reproductive period, while young females can produce 3–4 litters. The fecundity of overwintered females is statistically significantly higher than that of young ones. In February–May, overwintered animals dominate in the root vole population, while in June and the following summer and autumn months, underyearlings predominate. Males dominate among the overwintered and underyearling animals; at the end of summer and in the autumn, the sex ratio among these age groups of root voles levels off.

Lifespans of Fur Color Morphs in Polymorphic Populations of the Mole Vole and the Hypothesis of Adaptive Polymorphism.

Different lifespans were for the first time demonstrated for three (brown, bicolor, and black) fur color morphs in ten mole vole populations of the Volga, Ural, and Trans-Ural regions. With the longest lifespan of 5 years in the species, morphs that numerically dominate in a population can live 1-4 years longer than accompanying morphs. Spearman's correlation coefficient between the longest lifespan of the morphs and their proportion in the population was Rsp = 0.81 (p < 0.0001). A number of morphological and functional features were identified in the color morphs. The findings are of general biological significance, confirming the hypothesis of adaptive polymorphism. Evolutionary and ecological mechanisms whereby selective advantages develop in morphs (as probable ecomorphs) are possible to evaluate using the morphs as a natural model of the initial step of sympatric form development in different parts of the range.

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL MAMMALS OF THE HERB-BUNCHGRASS STEPPE AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES IN THE SOUTH TRANS-URAL REGION (KURGAN OBLAST)

A brief history of the study of small mammals of the South Trans-Ural region is discussed. On the basis of data obtained using two generally accepted zoological methods (ditch with pitfalls and trap-lines), materials on the small mammal communities are summarized. The species composition, groups of background and dominant species, total abundance of insectivores and rodents were shown to be largely determined by the specific method of animal surveys. In the herb-bunchgrass steppe 18 species of animals were found in the ditch with pitfalls and 11 species in the snap traps surveys. The core of small mammals in this subzone was the common vole, herb wood mouse, tundra and common shrews. In the herb-bunchgrass steppe, as well as in the forest-steppe subzone and subtaiga in spring-summer period, insectivorous and mouse-like rodents were most densely concentrated in near-water biotopes, where there is their high overlap and intra- and interspecific contact, which is especially important for the spread and persistence of various infections. In the subtaiga of the South Trans-Ural region, the optimum complex of conditions is formed for forest-meadow forms, i.e. the Laxmann's and taiga shrews, Siberian chipmunk and bank vole. At the same time, open-space species such as the tundra shrew, southern birch mouse and steppe lemming inhabit the herb-bunchgrass steppe most densely. Of the 22 small mammal species recorded in the South Trans-Ural region in 2020-2022, only one of them, the common shrew, was among the dominant species in all subzones. The taiga shrew and the Siberian chipmunk, which are peculiar only to the subtaiga and do not penetrate into the more southern subzones of the studied territory, made up a special originality among the recorded species of insectivores and rodents of the Southern Trans-Urals.

Tourism in archaeological sites of the trans-Urals region: rethinking the landscape status and heritage regimes

The article discusses the tourist commodification of archaeological sites in the Tobol Trans-Urals region (Tobol’skoe Zaural’e, Russia). The transformation of the region into a taskscape of professional archaeology associated with the urban centers of the Kurgan and Tyumen regions, as well as its tourist development, run by both the state and private business, involves the archaeological heritage of remote territories into the urban economy. This urban expansion is described here from the perspective of landscape negotiation, that is, the narratives and practices of rethinking the territories interpreted as a resource of the new type. This rethinking process involves all social groups claiming a place in the landscape, as well as the landscape itself, modified both in accordance with group ideas about the archaeological heritage (heritage regimes) and in accordance with the challenges generated by intergroup interaction. Based on fieldwork in the Kurgan region and in the south of the Tyumen region, we identify the main groups participating in negotiation on the promotion of the archaeological heritage, and also describe the practices of mutual modification of archaeological sites, which producing landscapes of negotiation.

Зауральская кузница военных кадров России на стыке эпох: рефлексия историка. Рецензия на книгу: &lt;i&gt;Никулин Д. О. &lt;/i&gt;Подготовка пополнения для действующей армии в запасных частях Омского военного округа в 1914-1917 гг.: монография. Новосибирск: Параллель, 2022. 292 с

The monograph under review presents a multifaceted reconstruction of the complex processes of formation, training and transfer of reinforcements for the front in the Omsk military district during the First World War and the 1917 revolution. Undoubtedly, the trans-Ural regions of the country made a significant contribution to the preparation and sending of reinforcements to the west, but so far this process itself has not been subjected to a thorough and systematic study. The monograph by D.O. Nikulin contains an attempt to solve this problem and comprehensively highlight the process of preparing and sending reinforcements for the army in the field. The author of the reviewed study showed a thorough acquaintance with both domestic and foreign historiography of the First World War. True, some of the works that D.O. Nikulin writes about are very distantly related to the specific problem that has become the subject of the researcher's direct study. The modernization approach was chosen as the methodological basis of the monograph. This made it possible to explain many features of the formation, the quality of training and the movement of replacements from Siberia to the front. However, it would be more clear in the course of deployment and presentation of certain plots to highlight the cause-and-effect relationship of modernization processes in the region with the specifics of certain areas of the life of the Omsk Military District, within which the preparation of reinforcements for the front was carried out. The source base of the study by D.O. Nikulin is distinguished by a significant volume and species diversity. The author involved documents of a legislative and office work nature, periodicals and sources of personal origin. The content of the book by D.O. Nikulin testifies to the thoughtful and painstaking work of the historian on an extensive complex of sources characterized by species diversity, as well as the works of his predecessors. As the analysis of the text of the monograph shows, the researcher, thanks to the use of modern scientific approaches and techniques, was able to identify the most significant features and characteristics of personnel training for the army in the Omsk military district during 1914-1917.