Economic and biological value of spring rape varieties for solving the protein problem under the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals region

Abstract

Rapeseed is an excellent representative of forage crops, which has no equal in nutritional value, feeding value or low cost of production. It can be considered an excellent source of edible oil, as well as feed protein, and occupies one of the leading positions in solving problems associated with the availability of protein nutrition in animals. The importance of this crop has increased with the development of various modern erucosinolate-free and low-glucosinolate varieties. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of obtaining a stable yield of oilseeds and herbage mass of spring rape, identifying the most productive varieties for use in solving the problem of protein in feed under the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals. Field experiments were carried out at the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State University” in 2021–2023. During the years of research, a negative eff ect of drought on the yield of seeds and green mass of spring rapeseed varieties was noted. The lowest average seed yield was obtained for all tested varieties in 2022 – 1,99 t/ha, in 2023 the yield was 2,23 t/ha and in 2021 – 2,37 t/ha. The strength of influence of the “weather conditions of the year” factor was 24,5 %, and the “variety” factor on the productivity of spring rapeseed was 35,7 %, which was by 1,5 times higher than the “weather conditions of the year” factor. The highest herbage mass yield on average was obtained on the variety Yarilo and amounted to 20,6 t/ha, then followed by the variety Yubileiny (standard). The lowest average over three years of research was shown by the variety Ratnik – 9,6 t/ha.