Training Techniques Research Articles

Advancing cybersecurity: Robust defences and transparent decision-making through adversarial training and interpretability techniques in artificial intelligence

Advancing cybersecurity: Robust defences and transparent decision-making through adversarial training and interpretability techniques in artificial intelligence

Modeling of CI engine performance and emission parameters using artificial neural network powered by catalytic co-pyrolytic renewable fuel

Emission and performance parameters of a 4-stroke CI engine operated on a blend of catalytic co-pyrolysis oil with pure diesel, produced through Azadirachta indica seed, waste LDPE (low-density polyethylene), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) as a catalyst, are modelled in the current work using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). At 500°C temperature, the highest oil output obtained was 93.91 wt%. The produced liquid fuel possessed similar physical features to that of pure diesel, including density (794 kg/m3) and heating value (44.42 MJ/kg), but lower flash and fire points that would assist in a better and complete combustion of the fuel blend resulting in a better performance and combustion characteristics. Using inputs including brake mean effective pressure, load, brake power, and torque, a developed ANN model was applied to forecast the performance (Brake Thermal Efficiency and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) along with emission characteristics (Smoke and NOx). The Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation training technique was applied for emissions and performance characteristics prediction having the best accuracy. Regression coefficients (R2) for predicting BTE, BSFC, NOx, and smoke were all very near to 1: 0.99801, 0.9983, 0.95753, and 0.97467. The study determines that the proposed alternative fuel could be utilized in blend with the pure diesel to in an unmodified diesel engine. It has also been found that artificial neural networks (ANN) could prove to be useful to model and forecast the performance or emissions of renewable fuels in diesel engines, with the potential for these fuels to be employed in transportation.

The efficacy and safety of the training process in sumo through autogenic training for professional wrestlers

Background and purpose of the study. Considering the high demands for physical and psychological preparedness in sumo, the implementation of comprehensive approaches to training becomes relevant. Such an approach ensures the improvement of sports results and the health maintenance of athletes. The study is aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of autogenic training in the educational and training process among experienced sumo wrestlers. Materials and Methods. The analysis is based on the observation of 10 experienced sumo wrestlers from the "Adrenaline" sports club in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Methods used to assess the psycho-emotional and physical state of athletes included the SAN test, heart rate measurement, the Stange and Genchi tests, reaction time measurement, and the Romberg test. Mastery of autogenic training techniques took place in a group over 5 weeks at the end of each training session. After the first week, a visualization technique was added to the autogenic training. For the analysis and visualization of the obtained data it was used the integrated development environment PyCharm Community Edition. The programming code was written in Python. The experiment was conducted in Kharkiv (Ukraine), which has been located in a war zone since February 2022. The requirements of the military administration for ensuring the safety of the experiment participants were observed. Results. Significant improvements were observed in the psycho-emotional state of athletes, including a reduction in anxiety levels by 6.5 points (p<0.01) and an improvement in reactionmetry indicators by 3.4 cm (p < 0.05). Improvements were also noted in the well-being, mood, and activity of athletes. At the end of the experiment, no significant changes were observed in heart rate and the Stange and Genchi tests. A noticeable improvement was shown in the Genchi test, although these changes did not reach statistical significance. The results of the reactionmetry significantly improved, confirming the effectiveness of the training in enhancing the athletes' reaction speed. Conclusions. The study confirmed that autogenic training is an effective means of improving not only the psycho-emotional state but also the physical readiness of sumo wrestlers. The implementation of such methods can contribute to increasing the safety and effectiveness of the educational and training process, as well as achieving higher sports results while maintaining the health of athletes.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ ТРЕНИРОВКИ ВЫНОСЛИВОСТИ В БОКСЕ

This article discusses modern endurance training methods for boxers aged 18-20. Modern endurance training techniques in boxing actively use interval training, which combines high- intensity exercises with rest periods. This article also notes the importance of proper nutrition, including proteins for muscle recovery, carbohydrates for energy, and healthy fats for overall health. The physiological basis of endurance in boxing involves adaptation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as metabolic processes. This article highlights the importance of avoiding common training mistakes and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to endurance training in boxing, covering various exercises, training plans, nutritional recommendations, psychological preparation, and progress tracking.

The Effect of Flooding Technique Training on Anxiety in Arguing Students

The study aims to explore the influence of engineering training flooding against the level of anxiety in a student's argument. Experimental methods are used to involve students from the islamic political study program at the islamic university of raden's fatah palembang. The technique of flooding, which involves the use of imaginative techniques, has proved to be effective in overcoming fear and anxiety in cases such as phobias, obsessive, and psychotics. In this study, the technique of flooding is used to help students overcome anxiety in argument. Research indicates a significant difference between the anxiety levels before and after the training of the technique flooding, showing the effectiveness of this technique in reducing anxiety. It is hoped that this study will provide a useful recommendation for improving the effectiveness of training techniques flooding into anxiety in student argument.

Research on Core Strength Training Methods for Sprint Athletes

In sprint training, core strength exercises play a critical role. These training methods, encompassing both static and dynamic core exercises, enhance an athlete's control, coordination, and explosive power, thereby contributing to their success in sprint events. This paper delves into the essence and techniques of core strength training, discusses its practical value for sprinters, and proposes a practical model and approach for implementing core strength exercises in sprint training. The aim is to broaden the application of these methods in sprint training to optimize training outcomes.

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognitive and Physical Skills in Basketball and Soccer Players.

As athletes pursue excellence, training techniques continue to advance, making structured physical activity an essential tool for enhancing performance. To optimize athletic performance in modern competitive sports, the balance of physical performance and mental clarity is required. This study seeks to examine the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cognitive and physical skills in basketball and soccer players. A 3-week HIIT protocol was incorporated based on the Wingate technique. This study included 10 soccer players and 10 basketball players with an average age of 22.79 ± 1.90 years. Participants performed pre- and post-intervention assessments. Physical proficiency was assessed using 20 m sprint, change-of-direction (COD) and dribbling tests, while cognitive skills were assessed using motion object tracking (MOT), working memory, perceptual load (PL), and attention window (AW) tests. The HIIT intervention significantly improved cognitive performance in particular; noteworthy observations were a 15% improvement in motion object tracking test scores and a 16% increase in working memory test scores for basketball players. The attention window test scores showed a 32% increase, and perceptual load test scores were 31% decreased for soccer players post-intervention. There were significant improvements in physical skills; for example, sprint times were decreased by 6%, and change-of-direction and dribbling times were reduced by 8% and 7%, respectively, indicating improved agility, speed, and ball control abilities. In conclusion, both groups performed significantly better on cognitive and physical skill tests post-HIIT intervention.

Coaches’ Motivational Instruction and Athlete’S Learning in Running Sports

This study aimed to assess the progress made in training techniques and athlete performance at Tianjin University Sports in China, with a specific focus on sports other than traditional track events. Comprehending the effectiveness of training regimens that optimize the transfer of training impact was crucial. The study unveiled a heterogeneous sample regarding age, gender, and academic year. The male respondents slightly exceeded the number of females. Most respondents were in the age range of 16-17 years. The largest group consisted of first- and second-year students, followed by third- and fourth-year students. These findings indicate that the results of the study can be applied to comparable educational and community environments. The study revealed a noteworthy link (p-value < 0.05) between coaches' motivating teaching and players' learning assessments, albeit the coefficient was moderate (0.282). This suggests that although motivational tactics can influence the learning results of athletes, there may be other factors that also have important effects. To improve athlete training and performance, the study suggested using feedback mechanisms such as surveys, focus groups, and individual interviews to assess training satisfaction and determine motivating requirements. Also, the training of coaches in effective motivational approaches and the promotion of a supportive team atmosphere were given special importance. An optimized running sports training regimen was established, encompassing low-intensity runs, moderate-paced runs, high-intensity intervals, and extended runs to enhance stamina, velocity, and overall athletic performance. This program is supplemented with designated rest days and cross-training activities to facilitate recuperation and ensure well-rounded advancement.

Clinical effect of suspension training and Mulligan technique in combination with celecoxib in the treatment of chronic non-specific lower back pain

Clinical effect of suspension training and Mulligan technique in combination with celecoxib in the treatment of chronic non-specific lower back pain

Eccentric training vs muscle energy technique in adjunct to low-level laser therapy for lateral epicondylitis

Eccentric training vs muscle energy technique in adjunct to low-level laser therapy for lateral epicondylitis

Optimasi Convolutional Neural Networks untuk Deteksi Kanker Payudara menggunakan Arsitektur DenseNet

Breast cancer is a disease commonly suffered by women worldwide, ranking as the second-largest disease burden. In response to the urgent need for improved detection accuracy, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) promise significant advancements. The objective of this research is to optimize the use of CNNs with the DenseNet architecture for breast cancer detection. The study employs quantitative methods, leveraging Deep Learning through CNNs. Mammography data is sourced from Kaggle, specifically the “Breast Histopathology Images” dataset. This dataset comprises 90,000 digital mammography images, which are preprocessed and divided proportionally for training, validation, and model testing. Research variables encompass CNN model parameters, training techniques, and the integration of imaging modalities to enhance breast cancer detection performance. The research focuses on processed mammography data, with accuracy and image quality as key evaluation metrics for breast cancer sample identification. Our findings demonstrate that the DenseNet architecture within CNNs achieves an impressive 92% accuracy in breast cancer detection. This remarkable performance signifies success in enhancing image quality and class prediction, aligning with the DenseNet architecture’s flow diagram. Ultimately, these results contribute significantly to effective breast cancer diagnosis by optimizing CNNs with the DenseNet architecture to improve image quality during breast cancer sampling.

Effects of upper limb low resistance exercises along with manual lymphatic drainage in subjects with post radical mastectomy – a pilot study

Introduction: Post radical mastectomy patients will have physical problems like reduced shoulder movements and upper limb muscles strength. The performance and overall function of upper limb and Quality of Life (QOL) will reduce followed by these muscle’s reduced activity. The aim of present study is to find the effects of manual lymphatic drainage with low resistance training of upper limb on shoulder function and QOL of post mastectomy patients. Generally, upper limb muscles like Trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis s group. 1 subject from experimental group withdrawal from study. The treatment duration is 12 weeks based on cancer Rehabilitation principle. Outcome measures are taken Lymph ICF (for QOL), anatomical circumferential measurements (for Lymphedema). Patients selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Experimental group patients receiving upper limb low resistance training and manual lymphatic drainage techniques and control group patients receiving only manual lymphatic drainage techniques. Both group of patients are advised to wear upper limb elastic stockings for 8 hours per day. Result: All Outcome measures taken in baseline (pre) and end of 12 weeks (post) in both groups. Data was analysed by using paired ’t’ test. Results analysed based on pre and post test values. Conclusion: The study has designed a structured low resistance upper limb exercise program for post radical mastectomy patients in improving shoulder function and QOL.

Case study: Evaluating deep-water start techniques and training demands in seated slalom waterskiing for an athlete with paraplegia.

Recreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is increasingly popular among individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), particularly for those with paraplegia using sit-skis. A key component of slalom skiing is the deep-water start (DWS), yet little is known about the physiological and physical demands of this activity when the athlete is seated. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the training requirements for a seated slalom athlete. Focusing on a young male athlete with paraplegia, this case study evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of traditional (TDWS) and alternative (ADWS) DWS techniques during seated slalom waterskiing sessions. It assesses internal training load (TL) through heart rate (HR) zones and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), alongside pre- and post-session handgrip strength measurements to gauge peripheral muscle fatigue. Performing the ADWS, achieving a full success rate, proved more effective but slightly more time-consuming than TDWS, which had limited success. HR during DWS maneuvers ranged from 63.2 to 81.3% of maximal HR, with most sessions occurring below the ventilatory threshold, thus perceived as hard effort. A moderate yet non-significant correlation was found between HR and sRPE-based TL. A significant reduction in handgrip strength post-session underscores the activity's demands. These insights illuminate the technical, physiological, and physical challenges in mastering DWS for seated slalom athletes with SCI, providing valuable guidance for the development of tailored training programs and techniques in this sport.

Laparoscopy experience in East, Central, and Southern Africa: insights from operative case volume analysis

BackgroundWith the primary objective of addressing the disparity in global surgical care access, the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA) trains surgeons. While sufficient operative experience is crucial for surgical training, the extent of utilization of minimally invasive techniques during COSECSA training remains understudied.MethodsWe conducted an extensive review of COSECSA general surgery trainees' operative case logs from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020, focusing on the utilization of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of laparoscopic procedures and compare this to open procedures. We analyzed the distribution of laparoscopic cases across common indications such as cholecystectomy, appendicitis, and hernia operations. Additionally, we examined the impact of trainee autonomy, country development index, and hospital type on laparoscopy utilization.ResultsAmong 68,659 total cases, only 616 (0.9%) were laparoscopic procedures. Notably, 34 cases were conducted during trainee external rotations in countries like the United Kingdom, Germany, and India. Gallbladder and appendix pathologies were most frequent among the 582 recorded laparoscopic cases performed in Africa. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy accounted for 29% (276 of 975 cases), laparoscopic appendectomy for 3% (76 of 2548 cases), and laparoscopic hernia repairs for 0.5% (26 of 5620 cases). Trainees self-reported lower autonomy for laparoscopic (22.5%) than open cases (61.5%). Laparoscopy usage was more prevalent in upper-middle-income (2.7%) and lower-middle-income countries (0.8%) compared with lower-income countries (0.5%) (p < 0.001). Private (1.6%) and faith-based hospitals (1.5%) showed greater laparoscopy utilization than public hospitals (0.5%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study highlights the relatively low utilization of minimally invasive techniques in surgical training within the ECSA region. Laparoscopic cases remain a minority, with variations observed based on specific diagnoses. The findings suggest a need to enhance exposure to minimally invasive procedures to ensure well-rounded training and proficiency in these techniques.

Implementation of Cognitive Learning Theory Through Coaching Techniques to Understand The Character of Students In Elementary School

The purpose of writing this research mini-research is to provide information to readers about how teaching techniques can be applied in education to understand student characteristics to maximize learning. The research method used is qualitative method (literature research), information obtained from various sources such as books, related magazines and phenomenology. The results showed that the application of effective training techniques was: (1) The existence of training; (2) active listening; (3) Effective research. With the correct application of technical competence in training, it can be understood the characteristics of student learning styles, such as; visual learning (learning by seeing), auditory learning (learning and listening), and kinesthetic learning (learning by doing). Teachers can create a more flexible learning environment and develop more effective teaching methods and strategies. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that understanding the characteristics of students both in terms of intelligence and different learning styles can contribute to the emergence of a sense of comfort in learning at school. Learning cannot run well if the techniques or concepts used are the same because students have different characteristics. The application of coaching techniques increases the success of achieving learning objectives without putting pressure on students. In this mode, learning occurs naturally within students, so that learning objectives are easily achieved and beneficial for both teachers and students.

PATH-13. LEARNED RESIZING WITH EFFICIENT TRAINING (LRET) FACILITATES IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-SCALE BRAIN TUMOR HISTOLOGY IMAGE CLASSIFICATION MODELS

Abstract BACKGROUND Histologic examination is vital in oncology research and diagnostics. The adoption of digital scanning of whole slide images (WSI) has created an opportunity to leverage deep learning-based image classification methods to enhance diagnosis and risk stratification. However, technical limitations prevent training and deployment of accurate comprehensive multiclass deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) models for histopathology image classification. The input dimensions of DCNN architectures are small compared to the typical pathologist field of view, degrading performance by excluding important architectural features. Furthermore, data requirements for comprehensive models are sufficiently large to overwhelm the system memory during training. METHODS A method termed Learned Resizing with Efficient Training (LRET) was developed to address the main limitations of traditional histopathology classification model training. The LRET method couples efficient training techniques with image resizing to facilitate seamless integration of larger histology image patches into state-of-the-art classification models while preserving important structural information. The LRET method was coupled with two distinct resizing techniques to train three diverse histology image datasets using five different DCNN architectures. Performance metrics were compared on cross validation and hold out test sets. RESULTS LRET-trained models were flexible to multiple input patch dimensions and DCNN models. We demonstrated performance improvement across all datasets while significantly reducing the training time and resources over traditional methods. Using a large-scale, multiclass brain tumor classification dataset consisting of 74 distinct histopathologic classes, LRET-trained models outperformed existing methods by 15-28% in accuracy, yielding 94% accuracy for the best model. CONCLUSION The LRET method for DCNN training significantly enhances the performance of large-scale multiclass histopathology image classification. The implications of this work extend to broader applications within medical imaging and beyond, where efficient integration of high-resolution images into deep learning pipelines is paramount for driving advancements research and clinical practice.

Simulation-Based Training Program for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement: Randomized Comparative Study of in-Person Training With Synchronous Feedback Versus Distance Training With Asynchronous Feedback.

Simulation training that includes deliberate practice is effective for procedural skill training. Delivering feedback remotely and asynchronously has been examined for more cost-efficient training. This prospective randomized study aimed to compare 2 feedback techniques for simulation training: synchronous direct feedback versus asynchronous distance feedback (ASYNC). Forty anesthesia and internal medicine residents were recruited after study approval by the institutional ethics committee. Residents reviewed instructional material on an online platform and performed a pretraining assessment (PRE) for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement. Each resident was then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 training types, practice with synchronous direct feedback (SYNC) or practice with ASYNC. Training consisted of four, 1-hour practice sessions; each was conducted once per week. Both groups underwent posttraining evaluation (POST). The PRE and POST assessments were videotaped and evaluated by 2 independent, blinded reviewers using a global rating scale. Thirty-five residents completed the training program and both evaluations. Both groups had significantly improved global rating scale scores after 4 sessions. The SYNC group improved from 28 to 45 points (P < 0.01); the ASYNC group improved from 26.5 to 46 points (P < 0.01). We found no significant between-group differences for the PRE (P = 0.42) or POST assessments (P = 0.13). This simulation-based training program significantly improved residents' peripherally inserted central venous catheter placement skills using either modality. With these results, we are unable to demonstrate the superiority of synchronous feedback over ASYNC. Asynchronous feedback training modality represents a new, innovative approach for health care procedural skills training.

A Positive Start: Backing a Horse Using Positive Reinforcement

Abstract This case study delves into the transformative approach of starting a horse under saddle using a positive reinforcement technique (clicker training). Grounded in the ethos of respect, trust, and cooperation, this methodology emphasises fostering a strong bond and effective communication between horse and handler. The presented case study aims to showcase practical demonstrations highlighting the theory and application of positive reinforcement in initiating the riding training of a young pony. Throughout this case study, we will explore the foundational principles of positive reinforcement in horse training, emphasising empathy and a holistic understanding of the horse’s perspective. It will detail the step-by-step process of introducing the saddle, bridle, and mounting, employing clicker training and shaping techniques. Practical demonstrations will illustrate the gradual introduction of equipment, the use of clicker training for reinforcing desired behaviours, and the shaping of responses to riding cues. Through these demonstrations, the case study seeks to exemplify how positive reinforcement techniques can establish a willing and confident young horse, laying the groundwork for a harmonious and trusting relationship between horse and rider. Information © The Author 2024

Application of Group Counseling Stress Inoculation Training Techniques in Overcoming the Stress of Working on a Thesis Students

This study aims to apply group counseling to the Stress Inoculation Training technique in dealing with the stress of working on a thesis on Counseling Guidance students. This type of research is quantitative research with a Pre-Experimental Design approach. The subjects in this research were 8 2019 Stambuk counseling students. This research consisted of 4 meetings. The results of the research showed that the average pre-test and post-test score for students' stress coping skills was 107.37 and after being provided with the service it decreased drastically. to 74.25. This means that the average value of overcoming student stress has decreased after being given service. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, the result is that 𝐽ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛 𝑔 &gt; 𝐽𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 where 6 &gt; 4, which means the hypothesis in this research is accepted. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the stress coping skills of 8 guidance and counseling students at Medan State University who were working on their thesis before being given the stress inoculation training technique group counseling service were found to be high, after being given the stress inoculation training technique group counseling service their stress coping skills were reduced.

The Effect of Individual Counseling on Assertive Training Techniques on Assertive Behavior Facing Student Bullying

This research aims to determine the effect of individual counseling on assertive training techniques on assertive behavior in dealing with student bullying. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method quest eksperimen . The subjects of this research were 4 students in class X-10 who had high assertive behavior scores in the face of bullying. The instrument used is to measure the scale of assertive behavior in dealing with bullying, which consists of 45 valid and reliable question items. Instruments were given before and after the implementation of individual counseling services. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Wilcoxon analysis technique with α = 0.05. The results of this research show that before (pre-test) individual counseling was carried out, the assertive training technique was 110.5 and after individual counseling was carried out, the assertive training technique was 69.5. Based on the Wilcoxon test results, we get 𝐽ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛g &gt; 𝐽𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 where 5 &gt; 0. So it can be said There is "the influence of individual counseling on assertive training techniques on assertive behavior in dealing with bullying in Class X Science at SMAN 12 Medan". This hypothesis can be accepted.