Training Ship Research Articles

Study case on navy cadets’ crew profile in regard of diversity management onboard training ships

The diversity management and the gender issue specifically, have become important variables of the crew management performance onboard the ship, including in Navy structures. The present study is focused on determining the influence of gender issue against the crew climate and performance onboard Navy ship, applied on cadetship programmes. The authors have developed a specific questionnaire within MENTORESS program (financed by Erasmus+, KA2 action), in joint with the project partners from Piri Reis University, Polish Naval Academy and Bulgarian Naval Academy. Consequently, the questionnaire has been applied on Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy’s cadets (3rd and 4th year of study), alongside the training voyages onboard Navy ships. The results were collected and processed accordingly, several conclusions being drawn in regard of cadets’ perceptions related to gender issue. The major scope was to seek particular reflections on gender issue, in order to determine curriculum gaps and further improvement in education programs for military students in regard of diversity management and leadership adjustment.

Dynamic Prediction and Optimization of Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) for an Operating Ship in Varying Environments

The demands for lower Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) reflect the requirements of international conventions for green shipping. Within this context it is believed that practical solutions for the dynamic optimization of a ship’s main engine and the reduction of EEOI in real conditions are useful in terms of improving sustainable shipping operations. In this paper, we introduce a model for dynamic optimization of the main engine that can improve fuel efficiency and decrease EEOI. The model considers as input environmental factors that influence overall ship dynamics (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, wave height, water flow speed) and engine revolutions. Fuel consumption rate and ship speed are taken as outputs. Consequently, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the initial connection weight and threshold of nodes of a neural network (NN) that is used to predict fuel consumption rate and ship speed. Navigation data from the training ship “YUMING” are applied to train the network. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize engine revolution and obtain the lowest EEOI. Results show that the optimization method proposed may assist with the prediction of lower EEOI in different environmental conditions and operational speed.

Comparison Research on the Sino-US Maritime Development in Marine Engineering

Marine engineering, applying engineering sciences, mostly mechanical and electrical engineering, to the development design, operation and maintenance of the vessels. China and the United States have made rapid progresses in the maritime development for decades, among which, the development in marine engineering between two countries is analyzed and compared through maritime education, training ships, etc in this paper. It is found that there are many differences in selecting the marine propulsion and transmission system, sea practice and ship types and so on.

Design and Implementation of Problem Based Learning in Training Ship

Design and Implementation of Problem Based Learning in Training Ship

A basic study on standardization of fire-fighting drill scenarios on board

ABSTRACTFire-fighting drill is conducted by the crew assuming that fire is occurred on board; in most cases, engine room drill is carried out due to high possibility of fire occurrence. In general, fire-fighters attempt to extinguish the fire and if fail, the fixed fire extinguishing system is operated. In this connection, fire drill scenario is very important not only for improving crew’s fire-fighting competency but also for fire-fighters’ safety. During the drill, captain should decide fire-fighters’ entry and withdrawal. However, in most vessels, the time to withdraw from the fire scene is not indicated, but the decisions are left to the fire-fighters based on the air bottle’s low pressure alarm. In this study, for a basic study on standardization of fire-fighting drill scenarios, by the experiments on the training ship with apprentice officers and analysis of ship’s drawings, the time required for crew assembling, the arrival time to fire scene, the time to wear fire-fighter’s outfit, the moving time of fire-fighters in fire scene depending on the flat ground or the stairs, and the water pressure in fire hose were considered. Moreover, the allowable time for fire-fighting work was estimated by analysis of working time limitation based on the air consumption of the self-contained breathing apparatus. As a result, basic model standard fire-fighting drill scenario was developed showing the action guideline according to the time elapsed. The model standard scenario can be modified by each ship’s circumstance, and this will be a great assistance to ensure the safety of fire-fighters and ship.

Legal Construction on Training Ship Management Belongs To Human Resources Development Of Transportation (BPSDMP) Based On Dignity Justice Value

President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo stressed that in the coming year human resource development is a key priority in the government program (Nawacita) and focused on three things; positive character development, improvement of access, quality of education, development and match the link between industry and vocational education, one of them by adding a nautical school educational facilities with their training ship. Six (6) training ship construction started in December 2015 and completed in stages over two years to finance multi-year state budget until 2019. And finally Human Resources Development Of Transportation (BPSDMP) Ministry of Transportation in coordination with the Minister of maritime has ordered six (6) units training ship cadets that each measure approximately 1200 GT (Gross Tonnage) with a capacity of 300 people, which is built in harbor and the domestic industry by PT Steadfast Marine Pontianak. Coordinating Minister of Maritime also said that with the training ship would be easier for BPSDM to improve the quality of education Midshipman cruise who were taking education time official the country especially in the field of shipping, including also can help private schools and shipping academy that did not have a training ship for come to enjoy it. So the hope is able to bring high quality graduates and proud when recruited at the national and international shipping companies.Keywords: Legal Construction; Training ship Management; Dignity Justice.

A Proposal to Enhance Cultural and Language Awarenessin the Training Ships

Mokpo National Maritime University have being aim of global competitiveness and recognition, employs foreign professors and lecturers. It also hosts foreign students to train onboard training ships in accord with the requirements of STCW 95 and its Protocols. This paper proposes the enhancement of inter-cultural and English language development onboard the training ships. It conducts a descriptive study and gathered feedback from the students on how best to enhance these professional skills in preparation for their professional lives. The responses to the questionnaire given to the cadets were tested for internal consistency and found to be very reliable at 0.951 using Chronbach’s alpha method. Summarily, the cadets “agreed” to these proposals weighing 40.4 in percentile means, while the means for “undecided” has 31.7 percent. There were numerous studies about this topic and the need for intercultural and language skills is vital to prepare the apprentice officers in this age of maritime diversity onboard ships. It is recommended that these proposal be practice and activated. Further studies is also recommended in preparation of new-building training ship and adjusting the ergonomics in the existing training ship.

A Discrete Artificial Potential Field for Ship Trajectory Planning

This paper introduces an approach for solving a safe ship trajectory planning problem. The algorithm, utilising the concept of a discrete artificial potential field and a path optimisation algorithm, calculates an optimised collision-free trajectory for a ship. The method was validated by simulation tests with the use of real navigational data registered on board the research and training ship Horyzont II. Results of simulation studies demonstrate that the approach is capable of finding a collision-free trajectory in near-real time, and this proves its applicability in commercial collision avoidance systems for ships. The paper contributes to the development of decision support systems for ships and autonomous navigation.

Russian Training Ship in a Grip of the NATO’s Intrigues

Russian Training Ship in a Grip of the NATO’s Intrigues

A study on the development of multi-purpose fisheries training ship and result of seakeeping model test

A study on the development of multi-purpose fisheries training ship and result of seakeeping model test

가야호 SCR 시스템의 온도 분포에 대한 수치 해석

In previous research, analysis of flow characteristics and design of optimal shape were performed in order to install SCR system on the No. 1 generator engine of the Kaya Training Ship of Pukyong National University. That result of numerical analysis was not reflected exactly on experimental data of the temperature because the temperature was assumed constant and injection and evaporation of urea was supplied to reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides as reducing agent. In this study, modeling of injection and evaporation of urea and chemical reaction about reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides are added. The results of numerical analysis compared with experimental data for temperature distributions are higher about 1℃ at ①, 4℃ at ②, 8℃ at ③ and 11℃ at ④, which successfully reflects the upward trend in temperature distributions inversely at ④.

Maritime Cyber Risk Management: An Experimental Ship Assessment

The maritime transport industry is increasingly reliant on computing and communication technologies, and the need for cyber risk management of critical systems and assets on vessels is becoming critically important. In this paper, a comprehensive cyber risk assessment of a ship is presented. An experimental process consisting of assessment preparation activities, assessment conduct and results communication has been developed. The assessment conduct relies on a survey developed and performed by interviewing a ship's crew. Computational vulnerability scanning of the ship's Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is introduced as a specific part of this cyber security assessment. The assessment process presented has been experimentally tested by evaluating the cyber security level of Kobe University's training ship Fukae-maru. For computational vulnerability scanning, an industry-leading software tool has been used, and a quantitative cyber risk analysis has been conducted to evaluate cyber risks on the ship.

Research on a Support System for Automatic Ship Navigation in Fairway

In previous investigations, controllers for the track-keeping of ships were designed with the assumption of constant ship speed. However, when navigating in a fairway area, the ship’s speed is usually decreased to prepare for berthing. The existing track-keeping systems, which are applied when the ship navigates in the open sea with a constant ship speed, cannot be used to navigate the ship in the fairway. In this article, a support system is proposed for ship navigation in the fairway. This system performs three tasks. First, the ship is automatically controlled by regulating the rudder to follow planned tracks. Second, the ship’s speed is reduced step by step to approach the berth area at a low speed. Finally, at low speed, when the ship’s rudder is not effective enough to control the ship’s heading to a desired angle, the ship’s heading is adjusted appropriately by the bow thruster before changing the control mode into the automatic berthing system. By the proposed system, the automatic systems can be combined to obtain a fully automatic system for ship control. To validate the effectiveness of this proposed system for automatic ship navigation in the fairway, numerical simulations were conducted with a training ship model.

JR東日本「他山の石」置換え支援ツールの練習船への導入

JR東日本「他山の石」置換え支援ツールの練習船への導入

Implementation and Evaluation of Non-linear Optimal Feedback Control for Ship’s Automatic Berthing by Recurrent Neural Network

In this paper, we present an automatic ship’s berthing system by non-linear optimal feedback controller. In the proposed method, the recurrent neural network is used for non-linear optimal feedback controller for the realistic operational conditions such as different berthing distances and different disturbances. To obtain the feasible non-linear controller, the recurrent neural network is trained using pre-computed non-linear optimal solutions for various conditions. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, extensive computer simulations and actual sea tests are carried out using small training ship Shioji-Maru under various conditions. As a result, we can see that the proposed non-linear optimal feedback controller by recurrent neural network is useful for automatic berthing system for the ship.

실베스터-전달강성계수법에 의한 실습선 새동백호 추진축계의 비틀림 자유진동 해석

실베스터-전달강성계수법에 의한 실습선 새동백호 추진축계의 비틀림 자유진동 해석

Emission factors and environmental implication of organic pollutants in PM emitted from various vessels in China

Organic pollutants from ship exhaust have significant health and air quality impact in coastal areas; their profiles are also in urgent need. Studies on organic pollutants from ships are still rare, especially in China. Therefore, 21 PAHs and 29 n-alkanes in PM emitted from 15 ships with different types and fuels under different operating modes in China were tested in this study. The results showed that: (1) Identified organic matters accounted for 0.15%–23.3% of PM. Fuel-based emission factors (EFs) for ∑16PAHs ranged from 0.095 to 5.80 mg (kg fuel)−1, with low-engine-power fishing boats and heavy fuel oil (HFO) training ship had higher values compared with light diesel vessels. EFs for ∑n-alkanes ranged from 5.22 to 1589 mg (kg fuel)−1, with low-engine-power fishing boats had higher values compared with other vessels. (2) The dominant PAHs were medium molecular weight components of Pyr, Flua, Phe, and Chr. N-alkanes from C15 to C33 accounted for more than 97% of the total n-alkanes. (3) Ratios of typical PAHs and n-alkanes parameters in this study showed typical diagnostic characteristics of oil combustion source. Profiles and diagnostic characteristics of PAHs together with n-alkanes could provide a more precise source apportionment result in the future. (4) Besides, PAHs in PM emitted from ships inferred non-ignorable health influence.

Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB₂ Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru.

Recently, a project was initiated in Japan to transport a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH2) from Australia to Japan by sea. It is important to understand the sloshing and boil-off that are likely to occur inside an LH2 tank during marine transportation by ship, but such characteristics are yet to be experimentally clarified. To do so, we combined the liquid level detected by five 500 mm long external-heating-type magnesium diboride (MgB2) level sensors with synchronous measurements of temperature, pressure, ship motion, and acceleration during a zigzag maneuver. During this zigzag maneuver, the pressure of gaseous hydrogen (GH2) in the small LH2 tank increased to roughly 0.67 MPaG/h, and the temperature of the GH2 in the small LH2 tank increased at the position of gaseous hydrogen at roughly 1.0 K/min when the maximum rolling angle was 5°; the average rolling and liquid-oscillation periods were 114 and 118 s, respectively, as detected by the MgB2 level sensors, which therefore detected a long-period LH2 wave due to the ship’s motion.

A coupled kinematics model for icebreaker escort operations in ice-covered waters

In northern sea areas such as the Baltic Sea and the Arctic, especially in winter conditions, the presence of sea ice frequently necessitates icebreaker assistance operations for vessels navigating in these areas. Icebreaker escort operations are important for ensuring the safety of navigation in these harsh environments. While these operations reduce the overall system risk, studies have shown that specific navigational risks are associated also with escort operations, necessitating appropriate training and operational support for ship crew engaged in these. In this paper, the icebreaker escort operations are investigated, and a ship-following model is proposed, drawing on similarities with the car following phenomenon. This ship-following model accounts for the necessity of keeping an appropriate safety distance to avoid collision, as well as for the effects of sea ice on the operation. Its main intended use is for implementation in maritime simulators, providing a realistic environment of operational conditions for training ship crews. As a first approximation, the model accounts for the ice condition by the average ice thickness, while the safety speed constraint is relative to the vessel's ability of navigating in ice. The model parameters are calibrated using empirical data of icebreaker escort operations. Case studies are executed, showing good agreement between the simulation model and real-world operational conditions.

Designing Training Ship “OSHORO MARU” Operating in Cold Waters

Designing Training Ship “OSHORO MARU” Operating in Cold Waters